Orthodontic treatment consent forms: A readability analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 146531252110333
Author(s):  
Maurice J Meade ◽  
Craig W Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consent Forms ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Consent To Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
La Jolla

Objective: To evaluate the readability of orthodontic treatment informed consent forms (ICFs). Design: A cross-sectional observational investigation. Methods: An online search strategy was adopted to identify ICFs for orthodontic treatment. The text of each form that satisfied inclusion criteria was modified to a standardised protocol. The readability was evaluated using three validated instruments. GraphPad Software (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 59 ICFs were evaluated. The majority were available on the websites of orthodontists (66.1%) and general dentists (27.1%). The scores recorded from the three instruments indicated that the content of 93.2%–98.3% of ICFs was difficult to read. A strong correlation was observed between the Simple Measure of Gobbledegook (SMOG) and the Flesch Kincaid Grade level (FKGL) instruments (r = 0.9782; P < 0.0001). The mean SMOG score for all assessed forms was 11.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.85−11.54). The ICFs authored by the manufacturers of orthodontic appliances provided by clinicians recorded a mean Flesch Reading (FRE) score of 40.14 (95% CI 33.91−46.37) out of a maximum 100. An analysis of the SMOG scores indicated that the content of ICFs authored by national orthodontic societies was more difficult to read than those written by all other authors ( P=0.01; 95% CI −1.6 to −0.2) Conclusion: The readability of the ICFs was too difficult for a significant number of the population. Many patients will be unable to validly consent to treatment based solely on reading of the content of the evaluated ICFs. A greater effort is required to improve the readability of ICFs to help ensure patient autonomy regarding orthodontic treatment decision-making and management.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Knowledge among General Dentists and Non-orthodontic Specialists

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Asal Acharya ◽  
Praveen Mishra ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Pooja Shah
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Dentists

Introduction: General dentists and specialists other than orthodontist may encounter patient requiring orthodontic treatment. For proper counseling and referral, it is important that general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists have adequate level of orthodontic knowledge. Objective: To assess the knowledge of orthodontic treatment among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists and to compare the knowledge between the two groups. Materials & Method: A descriptive cross sectional study using questionnaire was performed among 185 actively practicing general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists of Nepal. The questionnaire comprised of three parts. The first part included demographic details, second part contained 5 multiple choice questions regarding orthodontic counseling and third part integrated 18 questions for evaluating knowledge of orthodontic treatment. Each correct answer was given score 1 and every incorrect answer was scored zero in the third part of the questionnaire. Result: Among total participants, 60.5% think first orthodontic evaluation of a child should be carried out within 7 to 8 years of age and 44.3% think orthodontic treatment can even be started after 40 years of age. Around 66% of the participants think that orthodontic treatment cannot be performed in periodontally compromised cases. No significant difference was found between the mean scores of knowledge among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists (p=0.891), or among dentists with different years of experience (p=0.644). Conclusion: There is a need for more education of orthodontic treatment concepts to the dentists who do not belong to orthodontic field for proper counseling and referral.

Dental Psychological Stress or Phobia among Orthodontic Patients of Mardan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3442-3443
Author(s):  
Nazish Falak ◽  
Sadia Nisar Ahmed ◽  
Syed Shah Faisal Jan ◽  
Haris . ◽  
Alina Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Objective: To assess the psychological stress or phobia due to dental procedure among patients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontic, Bacha Khan College of Dentistry/Medical Teaching Institute, Mardan from 1st January 2020 to 31st August 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients coming for orthodontal treatment with age between 12-31 years were enrolled. The demographic and psychological stress information was recorded. Results: There were more females (65%) than males (35%). The mean age was 15.5±3.2 years. About 82.5% patients reported high level of psychological stress or phobias towards dental treatments while 19.1% were those who had moderate psychological stress or phobias. Majority of the patient’s fear of pain was between 12-17 years. Patients having highest anxiety also belonged to the same group Conclusion: Dental phobias and fears are widespread among patients seeking dental treatments. Orthodontists should recognize the dental phobias and fears so they efficiently interconnect with the patients. Key words: Orthodontic treatment, Pain, Dental phobia

Correlation of lip profile preferences in Pakistani population; and its comparison with orthodontic norms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Bin Mansoor ◽  
Zahra Khalid ◽  
Abdullah Jan ◽  
Rumeesha Zaheer
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Group B ◽  
Treatment Seekers

Objective: To determine the most desired lip profile and compare the subjective sense of aesthetics among orthodontists, general dentists and the general population. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontic Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 1 to February 25, 2020, and comprised different silhouettes for each gender with increasing lip procumbence from -6mm to +6mm with respect to Rickett’s E-line which were created using Photoshop CS 8.0 after cephalometric analysis of 20 cephalograms. The sample comprised an equal number of orthodontists in group A, general dentists in group B and orthodontic treatment-seekers in group C with equal representation of the two genders. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Of the 180 subjects, there were 60(33.3%) in each of the three groups, with 30(50%) males and as many females in all the groups. All the three groups preferred the average lip profile for males (p=0.018) and 2mm procumbent lips for females (p=0.008). There was significant difference of opinion between groups A and C (p=0.034) and between groups  B and C (p=0.022). Conclusion: There was found to be a marked difference of opinion among the orthodontists, the general dentists and the orthodontic treatment-seekers regarding the desired lip profile. Key Words: Aesthetics, Pakistani population, Cephalometrics, Lip profile. Continuous...

scholarly journals Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Imani ◽  
Hamid Mozaffari ◽  
Mazaher Ramezani ◽  
Masoud Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Nickel and chromium ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances may act as allergens. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary levels of these ions by doing a meta-analysis on cross-sectional and cohort studies. The Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for articles on salivary profile of nickel or chromium in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment published from January 1983 to October 2017. A random-effect meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3 to calculate mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the quality of questionnaire was evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Fourteen studies were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. Salivary nickel level was higher in periods of 10 min or less (MD = −11.5 µg/L, 95% CI = −16.92 to −6.07; P < 0.0001) and one day (MD = −1.38 µg/L, 95% CI = −1.97 to −0.80; P < 0.00001) after initiation of treatment compared to baseline (before the insertion of appliance). Salivary chromium level was higher in periods of one day (MD = −6.25 µg/L, 95% CI = −12.00 to −0.49; P = 0.03) and one week (MD = −2.07 µg/L, 95% CI = −3.88 to −0.26; P = 0.03) after the initiation of treatment compared to baseline. Corrosion of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to elevated salivary nickel and chromium concentrations early after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Randomized clinical trials controlling for factors affecting the saliva composition are recommended on a higher number of patients and among different ethnicities.

Oncologists’ perceptions of cost and cancer care in India: A comparison of private practice (PPOs) and non-private practice oncologists (NPPOs).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17562-e17562
Author(s):  
Manisha Bhattacharya ◽  
Erika Paige Hamilton ◽  
Yousuf Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Reducing Costs

e17562 Background: Cancer incidence is increasing in India, where most patients lack health insurance. Little is known about how out-of-pocket costs affect cancer treatment decision-making by Indian physicians and patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of PPOs and NPPOs in 6 Indian metropolitan areas. Oncologists were surveyed about cost of care and cost discussions with patients. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact tests were used to describe differences in cost perceptions and discussions. Results: 59 oncologists were surveyed (61% response). 78% (n=46) were men. 59% (n=34) were PPOs, and 41% (n=25) were NPPOs. Oncologists routinely discussed cost with their patients (96%, n=57); PPOs and NPPOs were equally likely to do so (p=1.00). According to oncologists, patients seeing NPPOs or PPOs were equally likely to discuss costs before deciding on treatment (p=0.14). 55% (n=32/58) of oncologists discussed cost with patients before prescribing diagnostic tests, and 79% (n=46/58) discussed cost before making treatment decisions. PPOs were more likely than NPPOs to believe that costs may discourage patients from presenting for an initial cancer evaluation (88% vs. 44%; p=0.0009). However, 71% of NPPOs (vs 44% of PPOs; p=0.06) believed that, once diagnosed, more than half of their patients found costs to be a barrier to receiving standard care. Oncologists reported the most costly components of care for their patients to be: 1) chemotherapy; 2) radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging (tied); 4) surgery; 5) indirect costs from lost wages and inpatient admission (tied). When asked about how to reduce costs, oncologists identified: lowering chemotherapy prices (88%, n=52); judicious use/ lowering cost of diagnostics (36%, n=21); optimizing the referral process (22%, n=13). Insurance/subsidies were identified by 15% (n=8). Conclusions: Cost is routinely discussed by Indian patients and oncologists across care settings. Cost can be a deterrent to initial evaluation and a barrier to receiving standard care. Oncologists more commonly suggested reducing costs of diagnostics and therapeutics, rather than expanding insurance or changing referral practices.

scholarly journals The influencing factors of citizen of Bandung preferences towards dental quack on constructing custom-made orthodontic appliances

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhyar Dyni Zakyah ◽  
Shekarwangi Rosabella ◽  
Nuzulul Hafizoh ◽  
Avi Laviana ◽  
Asty Samiaty Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Custom Made

Introduction: Braces often used in the treatment of malocclusion. However, in recent years malocclusion no longer becomes the reason for orthodontic treatment. Many people use it merely for a lifestyle purpose, and most of them got it from the dental quack. This study was aimed to understand the influencing factors of the citizen of Bandung preferences towards dental quack on constructing custom-made orthodontic appliances. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling technique consisted of 30 samples. The inclusion criteria were subject wearing dental quack custom-made orthodontic appliance; citizen of Bandung; and willing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were subject refused to participate in the study. Results: The study showed that most of the subject (73%) were using the treatment for the teeth alignment, and only a few were using for the lifestyle purpose only. From all subjects wearing orthodontic appliance, 63% of them were chosen dental quack custom-made orthodontic appliance due to the lower price, and 37% of the rest due to peer’s suggestion who had it before. The combination of the low income with the needs of orthodontic treatment and inadequate information regarding orthodontic appliance such as dental braces affected the subjects preferences towards the dental quack custom-made orthodontic appliance. Overall, the socioeconomic environment is the most influencing factor of preference. Conclusion: A lower price was the most influencing factor of high preferences for the dental quack custom-made orthodontic appliance.

Financial distress, communication, and cancer treatment decision making: Does cost matter?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6506-6506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousuf Zafar ◽  
Amy Pickar Abernethy ◽  
James A Tulsky ◽  
Peter A Ubel ◽  
Deborah Schrag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Decision Making

6506 Background: Financial distress (FD) increases the burden of living with cancer. Even insured patients may experience considerable FD, but little is known about whether patients want to include cost discussions in treatment decision-making. Methods: This is an ongoing cross-sectional study of insured adults with solid tumors on anticancer therapy for ≥1 month. Consecutive patients were surveyed, in person, at a referral center and 3 rural oncology clinics. Participants were asked about FD (via a validated measure), out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, discussion of costs with their doctor, and decision-making. Medical records were reviewed for disease and treatment data. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between FD and cost communication. Results: 119 participants (85% response) had a median age of 60 years (range 27-86). 54% were men, 29% non-white, and 96% completed high school. 81% had incurable cancer. 58% had private insurance. Median income was $50,000/yr. Median OOP costs were $480/mo. The mean FD score (6.7, SD 2.5) corresponded to moderate FD. 19% reported high/overwhelming FD. Overall, 48% (n=57) expressed any desire to discuss costs with their doctor, but only 21% (n=25) had actually done so. Of the 19% with highest FD, 36% (n=8) had discussed costs with a doctor, and 68% (n=15) expressed any desire to discuss costs. The most common reasons for not discussing costs with doctors were: “no problems with costs” (n=47); “want best care regardless of cost” (n=36); and “doctors shouldn’t have to worry about costs” (n=19). Of those who discussed costs with their doctor, 48% (n=12) felt the discussion helped decrease costs. 54% (n=64) wanted their doctors to account for costs in cancer treatment decision-making; 20% (n=24) always wanted costs considered in decision-making. High FD was the only variable associated with greater willingness to discuss costs (adjusted OR 2.81; 95%CI 1.05-7.50; p=0.04). Conclusions: FD was prevalent among insured cancer patients. A large proportion wanted costs discussed with doctors and included in treatment decision-making. Discussing finances may lower costs, but the discussion rarely occurs. Communication and decision-making present a potential focus for intervening on FD.

Shared Treatment Decision Making: What Does It Mean to Physicians?

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Charles ◽  
Tim Whelan ◽  
Amiram Gafni ◽  
Andy Willan ◽  
Sylvia Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Benefits

Purpose: Physicians are urged to practice shared treatment decision making (STDM), yet this concept is poorly understood. We developed a conceptual framework describing essential characteristics of a shared approach. This study assessed the degree of congruence in the meanings of STDM as described in the framework and as perceived by practicing physicians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was mailed to eligible Ontario medical and radiation oncologists and surgeons treating women with early-stage breast cancer. Open-ended and structured questions elicited physicians’ perceptions of shared decision making. Results: Most study physicians spontaneously described STDM using characteristics identified in the framework as essential to this concept. When presented with clinical examples in which the decision-making roles of physicians and patients were systematically varied, study physicians overwhelmingly identified example 4 as illustrating a shared approach. This example was deliberately constructed to depict STDM as defined in the framework. In addition, more than 85.0% of physicians identified as important to STDM specific patient and physician roles derived from the framework. These included the following: the physician gives information to the patient on treatment benefits and risks; the patient gives information to the physician about her values; the patient and physician discuss treatment options; both agree on the treatment to implement. Conclusion: Substantial congruence was found between the meaning of STDM as described in the framework and as perceived by study physicians. This supports use of the framework as a conceptual tool to guide research, compare different treatment decision-making approaches, clarify the meaning of STDM, and enhance its translation into practice.

Orthodontic Treatment Need in Bangladeshi Young Adults Evaluated Through Dental Aesthetic Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kajol Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Bangladeshi young adults by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and private college of Dhaka and Netrokona, Bangladesh. A total of 405 students (from 17 to 25 years old) were selected by convenience sampling. Students wearing orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The chi-square test (x2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between various age groups. The t test was used to compare the mean DAI scores between sex groups.Results: 405 college students were examined, 305(75.3%) were boys and 100(24.7%) were girls. Most of the  students 277(68.4%) had DAI scores ? 25 with no or little malocclusion requiring slight  or no  orthodontic  treatment, 76(18.8%) had DAI score of 26-30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic  treatment, 34(8.4%) had DAI score of 31-35 with severe type of malocclusion requiring highly desirable orthodontic treatment, 18(4.4%) had DAI score ? 36 with very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: The majority of the students in our study (68.4%) required no or little treatment; (12.8%) had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of General Dentists and Dental Students of Isfahan University about the Principles of Biopsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forouz Keshani ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Razavi ◽  
Negar Jalalpour
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Introduction: Biopsy is the most accurate way to make a definitive diagnosis, based on which the prognosis and treatment plan can be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general dentists and dental students about the principles of biopsy. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on 188 general dentists and 93 senior dental students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences using a questionnaire. Then data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test) in all tests, the significance level is considered 0.05). Results: The mean score of dentists’ knowledge was 4.62 ± 1.42 and, the mean score of students’ knowledge was 4.96 ± 1.77 out of 8 points. The knowledge of dentists who had participated in retraining courses was higher than that of dentists who had not attended any biopsy retraining and was statistically significant (p value > 0.001).The mean score of dentists’ attitude (39.6 ± 4.06) was higher than the students’ (37.05 ± 3.06). Conclusion: Level of knowledge and attitude of dentists and students about the principles of biopsy was moderate. Their performance was also poor and most of the dentists expressed a lack of necessary skills for not doing a biopsy. This study shows the need for educational programs related to the principles of biopsy, in the form of retraining courses and more emphasis on the student curriculum.

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