scholarly journals Breaking the language barrier? Comparing TV news frames across texts in different languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Sumaya Al Nahed
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Television News ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
News Frames ◽  
International Media ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Impact

This article examines two factors which have become increasingly important in today’s multi-channel international media environment, but which add significant extra levels of complexity to framing analysis: language differences and tone of voice. Through case studies examining English and Arabic language television news reports, the article considers some of the difficulties facing researchers who aim to compare spoken texts in different languages about the same events. In particular, the author focuses on the different cultural understandings of the appropriateness of emotive language in Arabic and English language journalism, and argues that in order to analyse the framing of stories in television news it is necessary to take account of the role of reporter tone in building frames. By comparing Al Jazeera’s and the BBC’s coverage of the 2011 Arab uprisings, the article aims to bridge some methodological gaps in this area, and to advance the reliability and validity of studies that attempt to compare news frames of the same events in different languages. It also considers the additional challenge of comparing tones of voice, particularly if they fluctuate throughout the story. Ultimately, the article proposes ways of going beyond literal understandings of both language and tone in order to establish the impact of both on the construction of news frames.

scholarly journals Dynamic Transfer and Relations between First Language (L1) Proficiency and Second Language (L2) Writing Skills Performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulelah Alkhateeb
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
L1 And L2

This study investigates the transfer relationship between first language (L1) (Arabic) proficiency and second language (L2) (English) performance in writing skills of a Saudi bilingual graduate student. Several studies have discussed the transfer issues in language learning, yet a few of them focus on the transfer relationships between Arabic and English language writing skills. Regardless of the huge linguistic distinction between the English language and Arabic language, it is presumed that Arabic and English writing skills positively, negatively, and neutrally transferred in a dynamic relationship. The researcher has conducted observations and interviews with Fatimah, the participant of this study, and analyzed her texts in both languages to illustrate how dynamic relationships between L1 and L2 in the composition skills is and what the effects of language transfer in the composition skills between L1 and L2 are. The data were collected and analyzed in January 2018. The results demonstrate effects of L2 on L1 as the following; first, a reverse or backward transfer implemented in three ways; positive, negative, and neutral transfer. Second, they indicate that there is a dynamic relationship between second language performance and first language proficiency in composition particularly. It is hoped that this knowledge will assist students in being aware of the effects of L2 on L1 specifically in composition and taking the advantages to accelerate the rate of language learning. It is recommended for future research to conduct studies in bilingual writings to investigate how L1 could be a resource and advocate of language development.

English and Arabic Language Learning Environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-204
Author(s):  
Noraisikin Sabani ◽  
Anita Jimmie ◽  
Hanin Naziha Hasnor
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Template Analysis ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Perceived Experiences ◽  
Depth Interviews

The learning environment is defined as “external stimulants” that is exposed or reinforced in learners as a means to challenge their learning experiences. These reinforcements may include physical settings, teaching and learning endeavours, and even cultural and social determiners. This empirical study focuses on the perceived experiences that undergraduates from Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia experienced in their Arabic and English language learning environments. This qualitative study employed in-depth interviews with 60 informants that were selected through criterion sampling, snowballing technique. The analysis utilised template analysis. Emerging themes were compared and contrasted, to find similarities and differences. This chapter does not aim to seek the superiority of one learning environment over another but to appreciate the diversity and concord of these institutions. The findings illustrated overlapping, differentiated themes, which included the abovementioned.

scholarly journals Using Classification Techniques to SMS Spam Filter

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1734-1739
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Spam Filter ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Textual Content

SMS is service that uses mobile phone that allows the users to exchange textual content. Spamming can be defined as sending unwanted content to a group of people for various purposes such as fraud. SMS spam is one form of spamming in which unwanted messages are delivered to many clients by spammers. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop SMS spam detection system to keep up with the current development of message services. Where the aim of this work is developing spam filter for Arabic and English languages by using two filter to be able to detect spam sms efficiently. Content based method was used to build spam filter for English and Arabic languages. based on this method, there are a number of steps should be taken which are Read English and Arabic dataset, Preprocessing phase, Feature Extraction and Classification. The first step after reading the dataset for Arabic and English languages is preprocessing phase which is important step to get more accurate results. The next step is extracting the features from the body of each message. Eight features have been extracted from English messages and six features from Arabic messages. Then features of messages for English and Arabic languages are splitted into two set: training set and testing set. Training set are used to train the algorithms while the test set are used evaluate the performance of proposed Spam filter for the English and Arabic language. In proposed system two classifiers are used. Naive Bayes is used as first classifier and neural network as second classifier. The incoming messages are passed through naive Bayes classifier. If it is classified as ham then passes to second classifier to make sure if it is spam, otherwise it doesn’t passes to second classifier. The results of the proposed system were acceptable with 97% accuracy is obtained for English language when using eight features and 80% from dataset for training .And 95% accuracy is obtained for Arabic language with six features and 70% from dataset for training.

Media Frames

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Rachel VanSickle-Ward ◽  
Kevin Wallsten
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
News Frames ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 7 explores the ways in which the Affordable Care Act’s contraceptive mandate was framed in newspaper coverage between August 1, 2011, and August 1, 2012. After demonstrating that news reports framed the birth control mandate as a religious issue more frequently than an economic, women’s rights, or health issue, this chapter then assesses the impact that an author’s gender and the gender of quoted sources had on an article’s dominant frame. The chapter demonstrates that female journalists employed gendered frames (i.e., women’s health, reproductive rights, and morality) in their reporting far more often than male journalists. Additionally, this chapter shows that female reporting exerted an indirect influence on news frames by increasing the proportion of women quoted in articles about the contraception mandate. Put simply, allowing women to write and speak made a profound difference in how the media covered contraception policy.

Australia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nijmeh Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
David Malouf ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Immigrant Narrative ◽  
Arabic And English

This chapter examines the development of the Arab Australian novel since its beginnings, surveying works produced in Arabic and English by three generations of Arab Australian authors. It first considers David Malouf, whose Johnno (1975) marks the beginning of the Arab Australian novel, before turning to first-generation immigrants who introduced the Arabic-language novel in the 1980s and the English-language immigrant novel in the mid-1990s. It then discusses the contribution of the second-generation Arab Australians in the literary field. It shows that the Arab Australian novel is more than just an “immigrant narrative,” or fictional “Arab voices in Diaspora,” and that all Arab Australian novelists, except for Malouf, are preoccupied with the questions of home and identity.

Professional or personal framing? International media coverage of the Israel–Hamas prisoner exchange deal

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Karniel ◽  
Amit Lavie-Dinur ◽  
Tal Samuel Azran
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Television News ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
International Media ◽  
Fox News ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Political Events ◽  
News Networks

This article explores whether national political agendas influenced the content of domestic and foreign television news media coverage of the 2011 Israel–Hamas Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange deal. The deal, which released Israeli soldier Shalit in exchange for 1,027 prisoners, is the largest prisoner exchange agreement in Israeli history for a single live soldier, but the third largest prisoner exchange agreement as a whole. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on 2,162 news reports from five international and national news networks – BBC, CNN, Fox and Israel’s Channels 1 and 2. The findings suggest important differences in the way foreign and national news networks cover controversial political events. Findings reveal that Israeli networks strongly aligned themselves with the government’s position, while the BBC provided the most balanced coverage. Prominent differences were found between the two US channels – CNN and Fox News. This work builds on a growing body of research on media framing of political events.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Functional Subjectivity in Media Coverage: The Gulf War on TV

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Garon
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Television News ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
International Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Time News ◽  
Cas A

Abstract: This paper tests the hypothesis of functional subjectivity through empirical data about international media coverage. The Gulf War was chosen as the test case. Twenty-eight evenings of prime-time news, from CNN, TV5, CBC, and CBV--all subject to the same military propaganda and censorship--were compared in order to determine the relationship between subjectivity in television news reports and the media's hypothetical influence strategies. The four networks took an ambiguous stance toward military information. However, their subjective reports were compatible with their national positions and possible influence strategies that aim to capture the public eye. Résumé: Ce texte vise à vérifier empiriquement l'hypothèse de la subjectivité fonctionnelle dans l'information internationale transmise par les médias. L'étude de cas a porté sur la guerre du Golfe. Vingt-huit soirées de journaux télévisés, chez CNN, TV5, CBC et CBV, tous soumis à la même propagande militaire et à la même censure, ont été comparées dans le but d'examiner si le dosage objectivité/subjectivité ne pouvait pas correspondre à de possibles stratégies visant à capter ou à maintenir un auditoire. Les données recueillies indiquent que ce dosage a été compatible avec les situations nationales respectives des quatre réseaux et la gestion de leur image.

scholarly journals Crystal Clear: Investigating Databases for Research, the Case of Drone Strikes

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Giampiero Giacomello ◽  
Damiano Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Sources

The availability of numerous online databases offers new and tremendous opportunities for social science research. Furthermore, databases based on news reports often allow scholars to investigate issues otherwise hard to tackle, such as, for example, the impact and consequences of drone strikes. Crucial to the campaign against terrorism, official data on drone strikes are classified, but news reports permit a certain degree of independent scrutiny. The quality of such research may be improved if scholars can rely on two (or more) databases independently reporting on the same issue (a solution akin to ‘data triangulation’). Given these conditions, such databases should be as reliable and valid as possible. This paper aimed to discuss the ‘validity and reliability’ of two such databases, as well as open up a debate on the evaluation of the quality, reliability and validity of research data on ‘problematic’ topics that have recently become more accessible thanks to online sources.

The Technical Communicator's Role in Bridging the Gap between Arab and American Business Environments

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larae D. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
American Business ◽  
Technical Communicators ◽  
The Impact

Communication between the West and the Middle East has at times been tenuous, disjointed, and ineffective. Due to the ever-increasing global market, it has become essential that American technical communicators cross these geographic, cultural, and language barriers to bridge this historical communication gap. Business with Saudi Arabia particularly has prompted American technical communicators to delve into all cultural and language dynamics of an Arab audience. In essence, the technical communicator must comprehend the impact of Islamic doctrine on the Arab business person; identify the philosophical, religious, historical, and social dynamics of the English/Arab communication process; recognize the fundamental differences between the English language and the Arabic language; and, after assessing the Arab audience and language level, implement the most effective communication strategies for effective communication with a high-context society such as Saudi Arabia.

Quality of media reporting of suicide in Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110039
Author(s):  
S M Yasir Arafat ◽  
Araz Ramazan Ahmad ◽  
Ayoob Kareem Saeed ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Sheikh Shoib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
English Language ◽  
World Health ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Mass media has an important role in influencing the suicidal behavior of the general population. However, the quality of news reporting of suicide has not been assessed in Iraq. Aim: We aimed to assess the quality of news reports in Iraq while reporting the suicidal behaviors. Methods: The search was done on Google in November and December 2020 with the search term ‘suicide news in Iraq’ and accessible news reports distributed in Kurdish, Arabic, and English languages were taken out. We scrutinized the news reports to identify the reporting characteristics and compared them with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Results: A total of 130 news reports were analyzed; among them 23.8% were Kurdish, 63.8% were Arabic, and 12.3% were in the English language. About 31.5% of the reports mentioned the name and 40.8% mentioned the occupation. The name of method was mentioned in 88.5%, mono-causality was found in about 34.6%, the term ‘suicide’ was mentioned in the headline in 94.6%, and method of suicide was mentioned in the headline of about 27.7% of the reports. Only 5.4% of the reports traced mental illness, 6.9% mentioned expert opinion, and none of the reports mentioned prevention program, and educative information. Conclusion: The study revealed that news reports of suicidal behavior in Iraq are poorly adherent to the WHO reporting guidelines. Further studies are warranted to identify the responsible factors and culture-specific prevention strategies.

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