scholarly journals Performance Monitoring in Children Following Traumatic Brain Injury Compared to Typically Developing Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2329048X1773271
Author(s):  
Amy A. Wilkinson ◽  
Maureen Dennis ◽  
Margot J. Taylor ◽  
Anne-Marie Guerguerian ◽  
Kathy Boutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Group

Children with traumatic brain injury are reported to have deficits in performance monitoring, but the mechanisms underlying these deficits are not well understood. Four performance monitoring hypotheses were explored by comparing how 28 children with traumatic brain injury and 28 typically developing controls (matched by age and sex) performed on the stop-signal task. Control children slowed significantly more following incorrect than correct stop-signal trials, fitting the error monitoring hypothesis. In contrast, the traumatic brain injury group showed no performance monitoring difference with trial types, but significant group differences did not emerge, suggesting that children with traumatic brain injury may not perform the same way as controls.

scholarly journals Recovery Trajectories of Child and Family Outcomes Following Online Family Problem-Solving Therapy for Children and Adolescents after Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 941-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari L. Wade ◽  
Allison P. Fisher ◽  
Eloise E. Kaizar ◽  
Keith O. Yeates ◽  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Problem Solving Therapy ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
Family Problem

AbstractObjectives: We conducted joint analyses from five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of online family problem-solving therapy (OFPST) for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to identify child and parent outcomes most sensitive to OFPST and trajectories of recovery over time. Methods: We examined data from 359 children with complicated mild to severe TBI, aged 5–18, randomized to OFPST or a control condition. Using profile analyses, we examined group differences on parent-reported child (internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, executive function behaviors, social competence) and family outcomes (parental depression, psychological distress, family functioning, parent–child conflict). Results: We found a main effect for measure for both child and family outcomes [F(3, 731) = 7.35, p < .001; F(3, 532) = 4.79, p = .003, respectively], reflecting differing degrees of improvement across measures for both groups. Significant group-by-time interactions indicated that children and families in the OFPST group had fewer problems than controls at both 6 and 18 months post baseline [t(731) = −5.15, p < .001, and t(731) = −3.90, p = .002, respectively, for child outcomes; t(532) = −4.81, p < .001, and t(532) = −3.80, p < .001, respectively, for family outcomes]. Conclusions: The results suggest limited differences in the measures’ responsiveness to treatment while highlighting OFPST’s utility in improving both child behavior problems and parent/family functioning. Group differences were greatest at treatment completion and after extended time post treatment.

scholarly journals The effect of different atmosphere absolute hyperbaric oxygen on the expression of extracellular histones after traumatic brain injury in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024
Author(s):  
Fang Liang ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xue-Hua Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Extracellular Histones ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Group

Abstract By observing the dynamic changes of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB expression in brain tissues after brain injury in rats, we explore the association among the expression of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB following traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as the effect of different atmospheres absolute hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) intervention on the expression and possible mechanisms. A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham-operated (SH), TBI (traumatic brain injury) group, traumatic brain injury and hyperbaric oxygen treatment 1.6ATA (TBI + HBO1) group, and traumatic brain injury and hyperbaric oxygen treatment2.2ATA (TBI + HBO2) group, with 30 rats in each group. The rats in each group were then randomly divided into five smaller time-specific sub-groups: 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. TBI models were established, and the brain tissue around the lesion was taken at different time points. On the one hand,we detected the level of local histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB by RT-PCR and Western Blot. On the other hand, we used immunohistochemical methods to detect the expression of NF-κB, while using the TUNEL method to observe the cell apoptosis in experimental groups after brain injury. Extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB proteins were highly expressed at 3 h, then with a slight fluctuation, reached to peak at 48 h after the injury. HBO can affect the expression of histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB. The decline of each indicator in the 1.6ATA group was significantly lower than that in the 2.2ATA group, especially within 6 h (P < 0. 05). In addition, NF-κB expression was consistent with the pathological changes of apoptosis in experimental groups. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with relatively low pressure (1.6ATA) at the early stage can significantly inhibit the expression of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB around the lesion, reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells, and thus play an important role in alleviating secondary brain injury.

Preliminary Standardization of the Cognitive Estimation Test

Assessment ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley N. Axelrod ◽  
Scott R. Millis
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Estimation ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cognitive Estimation Test ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Group ◽  
Medical Outpatients

A modification of the Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) by Shallice and Evans was developed to assist in the scoring and interpretation of this measure of problem solving. Two studies were presented. In Study 1, the modified CET that required numeric responses was administered to 164 employed adults. Deviation scores were derived from percentiles from mean performance of this sample. Total deviation scores were highest for the least educated group. Study 2 found CET deviation scores to be significantly higher for a severe traumatic brain injury group relative to a sample of medical outpatients. The normative and clinical data presented are meant to serve as a starting point for further validation of this new measure.

Severity of Ongoing Post-Concussive Symptoms as a Predictor of Cognitive Performance Following a Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Veronik Sicard ◽  
Danielle C. Hergert ◽  
Sharvani Pabbathi Reddy ◽  
Cidney R. Robertson-Benta ◽  
Andrew B. Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Injury

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the predictors of cognitive performance in patients with pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (pmTBI) and to determine whether group differences in cognitive performance on a computerized test battery could be observed between pmTBI patients and healthy controls (HC) in the sub-acute (SA) and the early chronic (EC) phases of injury. Method: 203 pmTBI patients recruited from emergency settings and 159 age- and sex-matched HC aged 8–18 rated their ongoing post-concussive symptoms (PCS) on the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory and completed the Cogstate brief battery in the SA (1–11 days) phase of injury. A subset (156 pmTBI patients; 144 HC) completed testing in the EC (∼4 months) phase. Results: Within the SA phase, a group difference was only observed for the visual learning task (One-Card Learning), with pmTBI patients being less accurate relative to HC. Follow-up analyses indicated higher ongoing PCS and higher 5P clinical risk scores were significant predictors of lower One-Card Learning accuracy within SA phase, while premorbid variables (estimates of intellectual functioning, parental education, and presence of learning disabilities or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) were not. Conclusions: The absence of group differences at EC phase is supportive of cognitive recovery by 4 months post-injury. While the severity of ongoing PCS and the 5P score were better overall predictors of cognitive performance on the Cogstate at SA relative to premorbid variables, the full regression model explained only 4.1% of the variance, highlighting the need for future work on predictors of cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals Group Differences Among Caregivers of Civilians and Service Members or Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. S52-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Keatley ◽  
Robin Hanks ◽  
Angelle M. Sander ◽  
Anna L. Kratz ◽  
David S. Tulsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Group Differences

scholarly journals 1003 Sleep Spindle Abnormalities In Youth With Ptsd

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A381-A381
Author(s):  
B Peterson ◽  
A Castelnovo ◽  
B Riedner ◽  
R Herringa ◽  
S Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sleep Studies ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Automatic Algorithm

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbance is central to the phenomenology of PTSD across the lifespan with up to 90% of youth with PTSD reporting sleep disturbance. Subjective sleep dysfunction has also been linked to the development, maintenance and severity of the disorder. However, to date there have been no objective EEG assessments of sleep in youth with PTSD, and little is known about how the disease impacts specific sleep features. Methods Ten youth with PTSD (aged 14.5±3.2; CAPS-CA score 60.5±25.3) and ten age-and sex-matched typically developing youth (TD) (aged 14.7±3.2) completed two non-consecutive overnight high-density EEG (256-channel) polysomnography sleep studies. Prior to sleep on one night, participants performed an emotion processing task. Group differences in sleep macrostructure variables were assessed with two-way ANOVA, and group differences in all-night spectral density were assessed using unpaired t-tests. An automatic algorithm was used to detect spindle amplitude, duration, and density topographically. Statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM) cluster testing was used to determine significantly different topographic differences between groups. Results No significant group differences were observed in sleep macrostructure variables. All-night spectral density analysis revealed increased power in PTSD youth relative to TD youth in the sigma band on both task and baseline nights. PTSD youth showed higher spindle duration, higher integrated spindle activity, and higher spindle amplitude globally both nights relative to TD youth. The increase in spindle duration achieved significance in a robust frontal cluster on both nights (43-channel cluster (p = .044) on baseline night, 66-channel cluster (p = .019) on task night). Conclusion Structural and functional abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex are a prominent feature of pediatric PTSD. The observed increase in spindle duration may represent another marker of impaired cortical function in youth with PTSD reflecting a failure of cortical inhibition of the thalamically-generated spindle rhythm. Support K08 MH100267 to RH, Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness Pilot Award to SJ

scholarly journals A-111 The Relationship between Bilingualism and Perceived Workload on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-904
Author(s):  
Lopez-Hernandez D ◽  
Litvin P ◽  
Rugh-Fraser R ◽  
Cervantes R ◽  
Martinez F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective We evaluated perceived workload (measured by the NASA Task Load Index; NASA-TLX) as related to Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performances in monolingual and bilingual traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and healthy comparison participants (HC). Method The sample consisted of 28 TBI survivors (12 monolinguals & 16 bilinguals) and 50 HC (20 monolinguals & 30 bilinguals). SDMT written (SDMT-W) and SDMT oral (SDMT-O) were used to evaluate group differences. Results ANCOVA, controlling for age, revealed that the HC group outperformed the TBI group on SDMT-W, p = .001, and SDMT-O, p = .047. Furthermore, bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on SDMT-W, p = .017. On the NASA-TLX, an interaction emerged on temporal demand rating, p = .023, with TBI bilinguals reporting higher temporal demand on SDMT tasks compared to TBI monolinguals, while the HC monolingual participants reported higher temporal demands ratings compared to HC bilingual participants. Furthermore, monolingual participants showed higher levels of frustration with regard to the SDMT task compared to bilingual participants, p = .029. Conclusion Our data revealed TBI survivors underperformed on both SDMT trials compared to the HC participants. Also, bilingual participants demonstrated better SDMT-W performances compared to monolingual participants. Furthermore, our TBI bilingual sample reported themselves to be more rushed to complete the SDMT compared to monolingual TBI sample, but they were less frustrated. Meanwhile, our HC monolingual sample felt more rushed to complete the SDMT tasks compared to HC bilingual participants, but they were less frustrated. While we observed differences in workload ratings between language groups, it is unclear if language use, and/or other variables are driving these results.

scholarly journals Coping Strategies as a Predictor of Post-concussive Symptoms in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury versus Mild Orthopedic Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey E. Woodrome ◽  
Keith Owen Yeates ◽  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
Jerome Rusin ◽  
Barbara Bangert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study examined whether children's coping strategies are related to post-concussive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus orthopedic injury (OI). Participants were 8- to 15-year-old children with mild TBI (n = 167) or OI (n = 84). They rated their current preferred coping strategies and post-injury symptoms at 2 weeks (baseline) and 1, 3, and 12 months post-injury. Children's reported use of coping strategies did not vary significantly over time, so their baseline coping ratings were examined as predictors of post-concussive symptoms across time. Self-ratings of symptoms were positively related to emotion-focused strategies and negatively related to problem-focused engagement after both mild TBI and OI. Higher problem-focused disengagement predicted larger group differences in children's ratings of symptoms, suggesting that problem-focused disengagement moderates the effects of mild TBI. Coping strategies collectively accounted for approximately 10–15% of the variance in children's post-concussive symptoms over time. The findings suggest that coping may play an important role in accounting for children's perceptions of post-concussive symptoms after mild TBI. (JINS, 2011, 17, 317–326)

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