Dalit Women and Water: Availability, Access and Discrimination in Rural India

The present study identifies the multiplicity of issues and challenges faced by dalit women in accessing water from common, often distant sources of water, across five Indian states. Their reality of poor availability of drinking water was worsened by limited access to common resources due to their caste identity. On account of their social exclusion, dalit women suffer from physical as well as mental anguish. Discrimination against them is rampant on account of untouchability, and verbal and physical abuse accompanied with violence, which is a very real part of their everyday lives.

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Witch Hunting: A Form of violence against Dalit Women in India

CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion ◽

10.26812/caste.v1i2.203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 169-182

Author(s):

Tanvi Yadav

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion ◽

Caste System ◽

Rural India ◽

Constitutional Rights ◽

Cultural Violence ◽

Gender Hierarchy ◽

Dalit Women ◽

And Gender ◽

Legal Mechanism ◽

Women In India

Abstract The Caste system is a social reality in India, despite the Constitutional rights of equality, protection from discrimination, and the ban on untouchability, the discrimination against Dalit communities or Schedule Castes, still persists. Outside the caste and within the caste, Dalit women are placed at the very bottom in gender hierarchy, which caused double discrimination based on caste-and-gender, and violence against Dalit women. Declaring a Dalit woman as Witch, accuse her of witchcraft and persecute her as witch-hunting, is one of the most common weapons, in a patriarchal society of rural India, to maintain the suppression against Dalit women. Grabbing property, political jealousy and personal conflicts, getting sexual benefits or settling the old scores have been found the most common reasons to declare a woman as a witch and most of the victims are notices as single, old or widow. Victims of witch-hunting face physical, economic and cultural violence from social exclusion to burning alive. This paper analyses the violence against Dalit women in the form of witch-hunting and the failures of legal mechanism and judicial institutions in eradicating the menace of witch-hunting.

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Swarup Dutta, Ishita Sinha and Adya Parashar. 2018. Dalit women and water: Availability, access and discrimination in rural India

Contemporary Voice of Dalit ◽

10.1177/2455328x19866327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 241-243

Author(s):

Merry Jean Caparas

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Rural India ◽

Dalit Women

Swarup Dutta, Ishita Sinha and Adya Parashar. 2018. Dalit women and water: Availability, access and discrimination in rural India. Journal of Social Inclusion Studies, 4(1), 1–18

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Financial inclusion in the digital banking age: Lessons from rural India

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279421000738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

RAM A. CNAAN ◽

MARQUISHA LAWRENCE SCOTT ◽

H. DANIEL HEIST ◽

M. S. MOODITHAYA

Keyword(s):

Financial Literacy ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Rural India ◽

Indian States ◽

Banking Activity ◽

Online Access ◽

Digital Transactions ◽

Financial Transactions

Abstract In the digital age, financial inclusion continues to be connected to social inclusion. While most personal financial transactions are shifting from cash currency to digital transactions, we must ensure that marginalized members of society are not unbanked and excluded from financial opportunities. Many countries are declaring their intention to transform to cashless societies. India is one such country. As a case study, we investigated rural Indian villages that declared themselves as cashless to assess the financial reality of villagers. We conducted a survey of households (N=3,159) within villages across seven Indian states. In each state, we studied a village that was officially declared cashless and a nearby comparison village. Our findings suggest that the comparison villages did as well as the cashless villages, as financial inclusion via digital banking was minimal to nonexistent. Alongside significant state variations, we found that financial literacy and online access were the best predictors of performing any digital banking activity. This study concludes with a warning against rushing toward digital banking and the formation of cashless societies, as marginalized populations may be excluded.

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Income poverty and dependence on common resources in rural India

Nature's Wealth ◽

10.1017/cbo9781139225311.021 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 341-355

Author(s):

Urvashi Narain ◽

Shreekant Gupta ◽

Klaas Van’t Veld

Keyword(s):

Rural India ◽

Income Poverty ◽

Common Resources

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Emerging Water Technologies: Global Pressures Force Innovation toward Drinking Water Availability and Quality

Accounts of Chemical Research ◽

10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 1146-1147

Author(s):

Paul Westerhoff ◽

Treavor Boyer ◽

Karl Linden

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Availability

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Evaluating sociometer theory in children’s everyday lives: Inclusion, but not exclusion by peers at school is related to within-day change in self-esteem

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/0890207020962328 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089020702096232

Author(s):

Andrea Schmidt ◽

Judith Dirk ◽

Andreas B Neubauer ◽

Florian Schmiedek

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Change Score ◽

After School ◽

Everyday Lives ◽

Person Perspective ◽

School Based ◽

Before School ◽

Sociometer Theory

Sociometer theory proposes that a person’s self-esteem is a permanent monitor of perceived social inclusion and exclusion in a given situation. Despite this within-person perspective, respective research in children’s everyday lives is lacking. In three intensive longitudinal studies, we examined whether children’s self-esteem was associated with social inclusion and exclusion by peers at school. Based on sociometer theory, we expected social inclusion to positively predict self-esteem and social exclusion to negatively predict self-esteem on within- and between-person levels. Children aged 9–12 years reported state self-esteem twice per day (morning and evening) and social inclusion and exclusion once per day for two (Study 1) and four weeks (Studies 2–3). Consistently across studies, we found that social inclusion positively predicted evening self-esteem on within- and between-person levels. By contrast, social exclusion was not associated with evening self-esteem on the within-person level. On the between-person level, social exclusion was negatively linked to evening self-esteem only in Study 1. Multilevel latent change score models revealed that children’s self-esteem changed from mornings (before school) to evenings (after school) depending on their perceived daily social inclusion, but not exclusion. The findings are discussed in light of sociometer theory and the bad-is-stronger-than-good phenomenon.

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