scholarly journals Impacts of three glyphosate formulations on gonadal development of Xenopus laevis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732110314
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun O Babalola ◽  
J Christoff Truter ◽  
Johannes H van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Amphibian Declines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

The emergence of widespread morphological malformations in the reproductive system of wildlife is generating increasing concerns. This concern is because the observed malformities may be linked to pollution by pesticides and other chemicals. The amphibian declines, for example, have been linked to pesticide pollution among other factors. Using an extended Xenopus Metamorphosis Assay protocol, until the tadpoles metamorphosized, the exposure impacts of three glyphosate formulations, namely, Roundup, Kilo Max and Enviro Glyphosate, were assessed on the reproductive system of Xenopus laevis, vis-a-vis the body mass, sex ratios and morphological malformations as endpoints. The exposure concentrations ranged between 0.2–0.6 mg/L, 0.9–28 mg/L and 90–280 mg/L for Roundup, Enviro Glyphosate, and Kilo Max, respectively. Both Kilo Max and Enviro Glyphosate formulations significantly reduced the body mass of the metamorphs compared to the control. In sex ratios, only Kilo Max altered the percentage sex ratio of the treated frogs at a ratio of 68:32 (F:M) compared to 50:50 ratio in the control. In reproductive malformations, the three formulations showed abnormality index range of 22.3–49%, 17.5–37.5% and 20–30% for the Kilo Max, Enviro Glyphosate and Roundup formulations, respectively, compared to 7.5% in the control. Observed reproductive malformations include mixed sex, translucence, aplasia, segmented hypertrophy and segmented aplasia and translucence. This result indicates that some of the glyphosate formulations have the capacity to cause widespread reproductive malformations in a way that could reduce the reproductive fitness of the amphibian. Care must therefore be taken to reduce the application rate of these formulations, particularly in aquatic environments.

Features of metabolic and hormonal abnormalities in women with metabolic syndrome at the stage pregrada

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
O.A. Dyndar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Number Of Components

The problem of obesity and metabolic syndrome among the female population of Ukraine is extremely important, given the current trend toward increasing age of realization of reproductive function,. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among women of reproductive age is 6–35%, fertility problems are found in 30-35% of women. The objective: to study the characteristics of metabolic disorders and hormonal condition of the reproductive system in women with obesity and the metabolic syndrome on pregravidarity stage depending on the body mass index and severity of metabolic syndrome. Patients and methods. We examined a total of 124 women with obesity and metabolic syndrome that appealed on pregravidar stage and 53 women who had no history of somatic and gynecological pathology. Antropometric studies, determination of blood pressure, examination of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, evaluation of the endocrine status of the reproductive system, ultrasound examination of small pelvis organs were done. Results. In women of reproductive age, we observed increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and decrease high-density lipoproteins, with a predominance of IIb and IV types of dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance was diagnosed in 28.3% of women And 47.4% – II and in 69.7% with III degree of obesity. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 79.2% of patients with obesity of I, in 94.7% – II 100% III. The number of components of metabolic syndrome correlate directly proportional to the severity of obesity. The index of fertility with III degree of obesity increased to 2.7, hypoestrogenia marked with And hyperestrogenia from 50.7% of women in II and III degree of obesity, progesterona failure identified at 66.9%, hyperandrogenism in 58.8%, reduced sex-binding globulin in 83.0% of the observations. Conclusion. Pathological changes of the hormonal status of the female reproductive system on prepregnansy stage is directly proportional to depend on the body mass index number of components of metabolic syndrome and dysmetabolic disorders. Key words: obesity, metabolic syndrome, pregnancy planning.

scholarly journals Post-embriononic development of Chrysomya putoria(Diptera: Calliphoridae) on a diet containing ampicillin in different concentrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIANA C.P. FERRAZ ◽  
DANIELE L. DALLAVECCHIA ◽  
DÉBORA C. SILVA ◽  
RENATO G. SILVA-FILHO ◽  
VALÉRIA M. AGUIAR
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
The Body ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Ampicillin Sodium ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2

Here we evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the antibiotic ampicillin on the growth and development of Chrysomya putoria. Third-generation, first instar larvae (L1) reared on 60 grams of homogenate+agar 65% were treated with ampicillin sodium. The experiment consisted of four replicates (40 larvae/replicate) of each antibiotic concentration tested (T1: 466µg/mL ; T2: 81.33 mg/mL and T3: 166.66mg/mL) and a T4: control. The body mass of the mature larvae, after they abandoned the diet, were recorded in batches of five. The variation between the mean body mass of larvae and the duration of larval and pupal stages, and overall duration of the development, viability and normal rates were analyzed by ANOVA. There were no significant differences between the four treatments in the following parameters: body mass of larvae that discontinued the diet as well as the duration of larval, pupal, and total development. The sex ratios found in the four treatments did not differ from those expected. Normality rates were 100% for all treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments for larval and overall viability, but pupal viability differed significantly between T1 and the control, T1 and T2, and between the control and T3. The antibiotic did not appear to significantly alter the development of C. putoria.

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

Physical fitness of people with moderate and considerable intellectual disabilities

Physiotherapy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Ślężyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Mięsok ◽  
Kamila Mięsok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Abdominal Muscle Strength

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the physical activity of the intellectually disabled is the strengthening of health, creating movement habits, promoting active recreation, and maintaining exercise capacity. Skillfully applied physical activity allows to mitigate the effects of pathology and create the compensations to enable the intellectually disabled people to live relatively independently. Physical activity and sport also increase their chances to integrate with their families, peers, and social environment.Materials and methods: The research targeted a group of 134 people with moderate or considerable intellectual disability (65 women and 69 men), aged 20-53 years, who participated in occupational therapy workshops in Jastrzębie Zdrój, Rybnik, and Żory. Physical fitness was assessed using the “Eurofit Special” test and balance tests. Measurements of body height and mass were also taken and then used to calculate the body mass index (BMI).Results: A salient somatic trait was the greater body mass relative to height among the persons with considerable disability, clearly illustrated by the BMI. This explained their greater heaviness in performing physical exercises. An even greater difference between participants with moderate and considerable intellectual disability was visible in physical fitness. Obviously, older persons did not achieve as good results in fitness tests as the younger ones, yet the participants were more differentiated by the level of disability than age. Most symptomatic differences to the disadvantage of the considerably disabled were observed in explosive strength, speed, abdominal muscle strength, and flexibility.Conclusions: Significant differences in fitness between the compared groups make it necessary to take into account the level of intellectual disability in the course of physical education and sport, at work, and in household duties.

Visual body processing’s associations to Body Mass Index and internalization of societal beauty ideals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cazzato ◽  
Elizabeth Walters ◽  
Cosimo Urgesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
Beauty Ideals ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Attention To Detail

We examined whether visual processing mechanisms of the body of conspecifics are different in women and men and whether these rely on westernised socio-cultural ideals and body image concerns. Twenty-four women and 24 men performed a visual discrimination task of upright or inverted images of female or male bodies and faces (Experiment 1) and objects (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, both groups of women and men showed comparable abilities in the discrimination of upright and inverted bodies and faces. However, the genders of the human stimuli yielded different effects on participants’ performance, so that male bodies and female faces appeared to be processed less configurally than female bodies and male faces, respectively. Interestingly, altered configural processing for male bodies was significantly predicted by participants’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and their level of internalization of muscularity. Our findings suggest that configural visual processing of bodies and faces in women and men may be linked to a selective attention to detail needed for discriminating salient physical (perhaps sexual) cues of conspecifics. Importantly, BMI and muscularity internalization of beauty ideals may also play a crucial role in this mechanism.

STEROID RECEPTOR PHENOTYPE, EXPRESSION OF HER-2/NEU, PD-1, PD-L1 AND LYMPHOCYTIC-MACROPHAGAL INFILTRATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAS: COMPARISON OF MODERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF THE DISEASE (THE ROLE OF BODY MASS INDEX)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Lev Bershteyn ◽  
Aleksandr Ivantsov ◽  
Aglaya Ievleva ◽  
A. Venina ◽  
I. Berlev
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Total N ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Her 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid receptors’ status of tumor tissue in different molecular biological types of endometrial cancer (EC), subdivided according to the current classification, and their colonization by lymphocytic and macrophage cells, taking into account body mass index of the patients. Materials and methods: Material from treatment-naive patients with EC (total n = 229) was included; the number of sick persons varied depending on the method used. The average age of patients was close to 60 years, and about 90% of them were postmenopausal. It was possible to divide the results of the work into two main subgroups: a) depending on the molecular biological type of the tumor (determined on the basis of genetic and immunohistochemical analysis), and b) depending on the value of the body mass index (BMI). The latter approach was used in patients with EC type demonstrating a defective mismatch repair of the incorrectly paired nucleotides (MMR-D) and with a type without characteristic molecular profile signs (WCMP), but was not applied (due to the smaller number of patients) in EC types with a POLE gene mutation or with expression of the oncoprotein p53. According to the data obtained, when comparing various types of EC, the lowest values of Allred ER and PR scores were revealed for POLE-mutant and p53 types, while the “triple-negative” variant of the tumor (ER-, PR-, HER2/neu-) was most common in POLE-mutant (45.5% of cases) and WCMP (19.4%) types of EC. The p53+ type of EC is characterized by inclination to the higher expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and lymphocytic Foxp3, as well as mRNA of PD-1 and SALL4. In addition to the said above, for WCMP type of EC is peculiar, on the contrary, a decrease in the expression of lymphocytic markers CD8 (protein) and PD-L1 (mRNA). When assessing the role of BMI, its value of >30.0 (characteristic for obesity) was combined with an inclination to the increase of HER-2/neu expression in the case of MMR-D EC type and to the decrease of HER-2 /neu, FOXp3 and ER expression in WCMP type. Conclusions: The accumulated information (mainly describing here hormonal sensitivity of the tumor tissue and its lymphocytic-macrophage infiltration) additionally confirms our earlier expressed opinion that the differences between women with EC are determined by both the affiliation of the neoplasm to one or another molecular biological type (subdivided according to the contemporary classification), as well as by body mass value and (very likely) the associated hormonal and metabolic attributes.

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