scholarly journals Effect of Storage on Levels of Nitric Oxide Derivatives in Blood Components.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2884-2884
Author(s):  
Fabiola G. Rizzatti ◽  
David Stroncek ◽  
Melissa Qazi ◽  
Nathawut Sibmooh ◽  
Barbora Piknova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites

Abstract The important role of erythrocytes in nitric oxide (NO) physiology changed the traditional view of the red blood cells (RBC) as only a carrier of oxygen and carbon monoxide. Nitrite is a primary oxidative NO metabolite and is considered a major intravascular storage pool for NO. In the vascular system, erythrocytes are the major storage sites of nitrite, which can be activated to NO by deoxyhemoglobin, but also are responsible for its rapid destruction after reaction with oxyhemoglobin.The purpose of this study was to quantify the nitric oxide metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, in red blood cells (RBCs) stored as packed cells or whole blood and to evaluate their levels with the time of storage. Whole blood, leukoreduced, and non-leukoreduced packed RBCs were obtained from healthy volunteer donors and were stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags to up to 42 days at 4°C. Sequential aliquots were taken from the bags using a liquid transfer set to maintain sterile conditions. Nitrite and nitrate were measured in the whole blood and in RBC components using reductive gas phase chemiluminescence. Nitrite concentrations decreased during the storage in the three blood components analyzed. The nitrite concentration in RBCs before storage was 202±45 nM, but fell rapidly upon storage. In the leukoreduced RBCs, nitrite levels were 81±36 nM on day 1 and 51±8 nM on day 42. The concentration of nitrate remained stable during blood storage, 30±14 uM on day 1 and 33±5 uM on day 42 of storage. The pH decreased slightly in all three blood components during storage, from pH 6.7±0.05 on day 1 to 6.5±0 on day 42. The blood pO2 before storage was 40.5±1.5 and increased to 251±4 mmHg on day 42, presumably due to the diffusion of oxygen from the room air. In control experiments, PVC bags were filled with normal saline used for medical purposes and stored up to 42 days at 4°C in room air; nitrite concentrations gradually increased while nitrate values remained stable. Similar results were observed for nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the non-leukoreduced RBCs and whole blood. Both cells and saline controls maintained in an argon chamber at 4°C for 42 days showed decreased levels of nitrite when compared to the bags stored in room air under the same temperature. Our results show that nitrite levels fall in hemocomponents during blood bank storage, nitrate remains stable, while pH decreases and pO2 increases. The decrease in nitrite levels could be explained either by its reaction with oxyhemoglobin, resulting in nitrate and methemoglobin, or with deoxyhemoglobin. The diffusion of oxides of nitrogen gases through the PVC bags could in part explain why nitrite levels do not completely disappear in the RBCs stored for transfusion, under standard transfusion medicine conditions. As erythrocytes may contribute to the control of blood flow and oxygen delivery through reduction of nitrite to NO under hypoxic conditions, our findings may provide insight into the vasodynamic effects of blood transfusion. These measurements of NO derivatives may have implication for transfusion therapy, explaining some adverse effects of RBC transfusion and/or optimizing the preservation of stored hemocomponents.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage on Levels of Nitric Oxide Derivatives in Blood Components

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 999-999
Author(s):  
Fabiola Grizzatti ◽  
Melissa A Qazi ◽  
David Stroncek ◽  
Nathawut Sibmooh ◽  
Barbora Piknova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Duration Of Storage

Abstract In light of recent papers stressing the importance of decreased levels of SNO-hemoglobin (SNO-Hb) to the pronounced nature of deleterious effects of transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs), there has been an increased interest in the practice of blood storage. Dejam et al. (Blood, 2005) previously demonstrated the critical nature of RBCs in NO physiology: they serve as the major intravascular stores of nitrite, which is eventually converted to NO, an important player in vasoregulation. The purpose of this study is to quantify the NO metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, in three blood components and evaluate their levels over time of storage. Blood obtained from 6 healthy volunteer donors was split into whole blood, leukoreduced, and non-leukoreduced packed RBCs and stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags for 42 days at 4°C. PVC bags were maintained in either room air or an argon chamber. Nitrite, nitrate, and SNO-Hb/nitrosyl-hemoglobin (HbNO) were measured using reductive gas-phase chemiluminescence. In all blood components, the nitrite and nitrate were detected in higher concentrations in RBCs than in the extracellular fluid compartment. Mean nitrite value immediately before storage was 152±13nM, but fell rapidly upon storage. Nitrite levels continued to decrease with storage time, while nitrate levels remained constant for the duration of storage. In the leukoreduced blood product, nitrite levels were 75±8nM on day 1 and 50±9nM by day 42; the concentration of nitrate in the leukoreduced blood product was 34±3uM on day 1 and 34±4uM on day 42. The nitrite levels in non-leukoreduced blood product were 76±12nM on day 1 and 37±7 by day 42; the nitrate concentration in the non-leukoreduced blood product was 35±3uM on day 1 and 32±0.4uM on day 42. In whole blood, nitrite levels were 64±11nM on day 1 and 44±9nM by day 42; the nitrate concentration was 47±2uM on day 1 and 43±6uM on day 42. SNO-Hb levels were very low in fresh blood and virtually undetectable after one day of storage. Interestingly, nitrite levels never reached zero. Enzyme inhibitors—L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), and oxypurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor)—did not lower nitrite levels enough to explain the remaining nitrite present in the PVC bags after 42 days. pH decreased slightly, while pO2 increased in all three components during storage; this is likely due to the diffusion of oxygen from room air into the PVC bags. Control experiments with saline showed an increase in nitrite levels, while nitrate levels remained stable over 42 days. When stored in an argon chamber, both blood and saline samples showed relatively lower nitrite levels than their room air counterparts. Thus, during blood bank storage, nitrite levels decrease in blood while nitrate levels remain stable. The diffusion of nitrogenous gases may explain why nitrite does not completely disappear under standard storage conditions. Our results suggest that most of the NO pathway is initially retained, but greater changes occur with prolonged storage. These measurements of NO derivatives may have implications for transfusion therapy, explaining some of the adverse effects seen with RBC transfusion and providing a foundation for enhancing blood preservation through improvement of storage practices.

scholarly journals The Capacity of Red Blood Cells to Reduce Nitrite Determines Nitric Oxide Generation under Hypoxic Conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e101626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel H. Fens ◽  
Sandra K. Larkin ◽  
Bryan Oronsky ◽  
Jan Scicinski ◽  
Claudia R. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

scholarly journals Effect of Storage on Levels of Nitric Oxide Derivatives in Blood Components.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 950-950
Author(s):  
Fabiola G. Rizzatti ◽  
David Stroncek ◽  
Nathawut Sibmooh ◽  
Alan N. Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Rapid Destruction ◽  
Liquid Transfer ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Packed Rbcs

Abstract The traditional view of the red blood cell (RBC) as only a carrier of oxygen and carbon monoxide has been changed by the current understanding of the erythrocyte’s role in nitric oxide (NO) physiology. Nitrite is a primary oxidative NO metabolite and is considered a major intravascular storage pool for NO. In the vascular system, erythrocytes are the major storage sites of nitrite, which can be activated to NO by deoxyhemoglobin, but also are responsible for its rapid destruction after reaction with oxyhemoglobin. The purpose of this study was to quantify the NO metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, in whole blood and packed red blood cells and to evaluate their correlations with the time of storage. Whole blood, leukoreduced, and non-leukoreduced packed RBCs were obtained from 3 donors and were stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags up to 42 days at 4°C. Sequential aliquots were taken from the bags using a liquid transfer set to maintain sterile conditions. Nitrite and nitrate were measured in the whole blood and in RBC components using reductive gas phase chemiluminescence. We found that both nitrite and nitrate decreased during the storage in the three blood components analyzed. The nitrite concentration measured in whole blood was 180± 18 before storage, 45±4 on day 1 and 43±5 nM on day 42. The nitrite concentration in RBCs was 225±51 before storage. In the leukoreduced RBCs, 75±12 on day 1 and 57±9 nM on day 42. In the non-leukoreduced RBCs, 68±10 on day 1 and 38±13 nM on day 42. The concentration of nitrate in whole blood was 50±7 before storage, 36±9 on day 1 and 27±3 uM on day 42. The concentration of nitrate in RBCs before storage was 43±5 uM. In the leukoreduced RBCs, 30±14 on day 1 and 33±5 uM on day 42. In the non-leukoreduced RBCs, 20±3 on day 1 and 23±3 uM on day 42. The whole blood pH after phlebotomy was 7.4±0.025 and decreased from 7±0.005 on day 1 to 6.5±0 on day 42 of storage. In leukoreduced RBC bags, the pH was 6.7±0.05 on day 1 and 6.5±0 on day 42 of storage. Similar values of pH were measured in the non-leukoreduced RBC bags. The blood pO2 before storage was 40.5±1.5 and increased to 251±4 mmHg in the leukoreduced RBC bag on day 42 of storage. Similar results were found for the non-leukoreduced RBCs and whole blood. In control experiments, a PVC bag was filled with saline and stored up to 42 days at 4°C. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations increased during saline storage. Our results showed that nitrite and nitrate levels fall in hemocomponents during blood bank storage, while pH decreases and pO2 increases. The decrease in nitrite levels could be explained either by its reaction with oxyhemoglobin, resulting in nitrate and methemoglobin, or with deoxyhemoglobin. Surprisingly nitrate levels did not increase during storage as one might expect from consumption of NO and nitrite. We are now investigating mechanisms for the possible reduction of nitrate under these conditions. The physiology of NO may have implication for transfusion medicine, ranging from the adverse effects of RBC transfusion to optimizing the preservation of stored hemocomponents. In addition, as erythrocytes may contribute to the control of blood flow and oxygen delivery through reduction of nitrite to NO under hypoxic and acid conditions, our findings may provide insight into the vasodynamic effects of blood transfusion and transfusion-related disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of storage levels of nitric oxide derivatives in blood components

F1000Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A Qazi ◽  
Fabiola Rizzatti ◽  
Barbora Piknova ◽  
Nathawut Sibmooh ◽  
David F Stroncek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Volunteer ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Stored Blood ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Background: Potential deleterious effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, especially from blood kept at length, have been ascribed to biochemical changes during storage, including those of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism.Study methods and design: In this study, NO metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, were quantified in RBCs and whole blood with time of storage. Whole blood (WB), leukoreduced (LR), and non-leukoreduced (NLR) components were obtained from healthy volunteer donors and stored in polyvinyl chloride bags for 42 days. Nitrite and nitrate were measured using reductive gas-phase chemiluminescence.Results: Nitrite concentrations initially decreased rapidly from about 150nmol/L, but stabilized at about 44nmol/L in room air for up to 42 days. Nitrate concentrations remained stable during storage at about 35µmol/L. Cells from bags maintained in an argon chamber showed decreased nitrite levels compared to those maintained in room air. Inhibition of enzymes implicated in the NO cycle did not alter nitrite levels.Conclusion: As erythrocytes may contribute to the control of blood flow and oxygen delivery through reduction of nitrite to NO under hypoxic conditions, the present findings provide insight into possible effects of blood transfusion. These measurements may explain some adverse effects of RBC transfusion and suggest ways of optimizing the preservation of stored blood.

Cell-Derived Microparticles in Blood Products from Thalassemic Blood Donors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egarit Noulsri ◽  
Surada Lerdwana ◽  
Duangdao Palasuwan ◽  
Attakorn Palasuwan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Thalassemia Trait ◽  
Routine Procedures

Abstract Objective To determine the number of cell-derived microparticles (MPs) in blood products obtained from donors who have thalassemia. Methods Packed red blood cells (PRBCs), plasma, and platelet concentrate (PC) were prepared according to routine procedures. We used flow cytometry to quantitate the concentration of MPs. Results The results of a comparison of MP levels in unprocessed whole blood showed that the concentration of all MPs in the donors without thalassemia trait (n = 255) was higher than in donors with thalassemia trait (n = 70). After processing, increased concentrations of MPs were documented in both groups. Among the blood components, PRBC showed higher platelet-derived MP concentrations in donors with thalassemia than in donors without thalassemia. However, PC showed higher concentrations of total MPs in donors without thalassemia than in donors with that condition. Conclusions Our results suggest little influence of thalassemia-trait status on changes in MP concentrations in blood components.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Inactivation of Candida albicans in Blood Plasma and Whole Blood

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Sousa ◽  
Ana T. P. C. Gomes ◽  
Américo Freitas ◽  
Maria A. F. Faustino ◽  
Maria G. P. M. S. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Blood Components

The few approved disinfection techniques for blood derivatives promote damage in the blood components, representing risks for the transfusion receptor. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) seems to be a promising approach for the photoinactivation of pathogens in blood, but only three photosensitizers (PSs) have been approved, methylene blue (MB) for plasma and riboflavin and amotosalen for plasma and platelets. In this study, the efficiency of the porphyrinic photosensitizer Tri-Py(+)-Me and of the porphyrinic formulation FORM was studied in the photoinactivation of Candida albicans in plasma and in whole blood and the results were compared to the ones obtained with the already approved PS MB. The results show that FORM and Tri-Py(+)-Me are promising PSs to inactivate C. albicans in plasma. Although in whole blood the inactivation rates obtained were higher than the ones obtained with MB, further improvements are required. None of these PSs had promoted hemolysis at the isotonic conditions when hemolysis was evaluated in whole blood and after the addition of treated plasma with these PSs to concentrates of red blood cells.

IHP-Loaded Red Blood Cells as Preventive Therapy In Sickle Cell Disease

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1625-1625
Author(s):  
Vanessa Bourgeaux ◽  
Yannick Campion ◽  
Emeline Aufradet ◽  
Cyril Martin ◽  
Yann Godfrin
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Hypotonic Lysis

Abstract Abstract 1625 Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS) that polymerizes under hypoxic conditions leading to sickled-shape red blood cells (RBCs). Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is one of the major clinical manifestations of the disease, very painful for patients and causing irreversible organ damages. RBC exchange is commonly used as preventive and curative treatment of the disease. However, the therapeutic action of RBC exchange only relies on the removal of HbS-containing RBCs (SS-RBCs) and their transient replacement by normal RBCs (AA-RBCs). Recent works have shown that sickled reticulocytes, activated platelets and leukocytes play a critical role in the onset of VOC. They aggregate with endothelial cells creating local hypoxia, enhancing sickling and thus capillary blockade. Oxygen deprivation that occurs in venous capillaries may widely contribute to the severity of the occlusion. Therefore, increasing the oxygenation level in capillaries could help to prevent SS-RBCs from sickling and avoid crisis. This may be possible by transfusing patients with AA-RBCs loaded with Inositol HexaPhosphate (IHP), an allosteric effector that binds tightly to hemoglobin. The resulting suspension (IHP-RBCs) has the ability to increase oxygen release by 2 to 3 fold compared to normal AA-RBCs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vivo the benefit of using IHP-RBCs treatment in SCD. We used BERK transgenic mouse model that fully mimics human SCD in childhood with specific features of splenomegaly, reticulocytosis and leukocytosis. IHP-RBCs were prepared by loading IHP into murine C57BL6J RBCs using reversible hypotonic lysis method. RBCs subjected to reversible hypotonic lysis but without IHP were used as control suspension. Study was designed with repeated RBC exchanges scheduled every 2 weeks. First RBC exchange using IHP-RBCs or control suspension was performed on 6–7 week-old mice followed by 2 further injections. Mice were sacrificed one week after last RBC exchange and critical hematological parameters (reticulocyte, leukocyte, platelet counts and sickled cells) as well as serum inflammation markers were used as readouts to evaluate the risk of VOC. The first study was performed in normoxic conditions. After the therapy, approximately 42% of mouse RBCs had been replaced by IHP-RBCs or control suspension. Strong reduction of spleen weight (50%) and circulating sickled RBCs was observed in both cases due to the dilution of SS-RBCs. Interestingly, IHP-RBCs treatment enabled to significantly lower reticulocytes (18% vs 31%), leukocytes (5.3 vs 8.4 103/μl) and platelet counts (1057 vs 1518 103/μl) compared to not treated mice. Additionally, Serum Amyeloid Protein (SAP), an inflammation marker analogous of human C-Reactive Protein was also significantly reduced with IHP-RBCs (450 vs 750 μg/ml) indicating lowered severity of inflammation. The analysis of VCAM and HIF-1 factors in both spleen and lungs were very low in both treated and not treated mice. Further experiments demonstrated that hypoxic stress is needed to induce significative inflammation at the organ level. The study will thus be repeated in hypoxic conditions to evaluate the effect of IHP-RBCs treatment on organ damaging. We had in a previous study demonstrated in vitro the ability of IHP-RBCs to reduce sickling of human SS-RBCs (Bourgeaux et al, Transfusion, in press). The present in vivo study brings new evidence of the therapeutic potential of IHP-RBCs with the observation of a significant reduction of VOC risk factors and SAP level in treated mice. These results strongly support the fact that loading IHP into AA-RBCs may improve the effectiveness of conventional transfusion therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Red Blood Cells Preserve Platelet Function and Coagulation From The Effects Of Acidemia

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4765-4765
Author(s):  
James E Campbell ◽  
Melanie V Valeciana ◽  
Armando C Rodriguez ◽  
James K Aden ◽  
Michael A Meledeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Platelet Poor Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Large Vessels

Despite a large body of literature regarding Acute Coagulopathy of Trauma and Massive Transfusion, there is little consensus on the appropriate diagnostic approach to establish the cause of associated uncontrolled bleeding. Thromboelastography (TEG) is widely used to characterize trauma-associated bleeding. However, the use of whole blood in this assay may obscure important changes in blood component hemostatic function. Blood varies in hematocrit from a typical level of 40% in large vessels to 10% in capillaries. Patients with persistent bleeding may present with prolonged prothrombin time (PT)/activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) measured in plasma, but unremarkable TEG tracings measured in whole blood drawn from a large vein. As one of the only ubiquitously accepted causes of a bleeding coagulopathy associated with trauma, acidemia was modeled in TEG to investigate 1) the differential coagulopathy detection obtained by separation of blood components before TEG testing, 2) the range of acidemia effects at various levels of the vascular tree through variable hematocrit testing, and 3) effects of replacing RBCs with plasma versus normal saline. Male donor blood (n=5) was drawn into citrate and the contact pathway was immediately further inhibited with corn trypsin inhibitor. TEG cups were preloaded with appropriate volumes of [morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid buffered saline (MBS) for pH 7.4, pH 7.1, pH 6.8 and were recalcified (15mM). R-time parameters were not significantly different when whole blood (WB) or red blood cells combined with platelet poor plasma (RBC/PPP) were activated to clot with tissue factor (1:5000 dilution induced a normal 4 minute clot time) in the simulated acidemia, whereas platelet poor plasma (PPP) showed a significant delay at pH 7.1 (p<0.0001) and pH 6.8 (p<0.0001) when compared to pH 7.4. Shear Elastic Modulus Strength showed only significant losses in platelet rich plasma (PRP: pH 7.4 vs pH 7.1; p=0.013, pH 7.1 vs pH 6.8; p=0.015) but not WB, RBC/PPP, or PPP. Hematocrit levels were chosen to model typical changes from large to small vessels, in the presence of 200,000 platelets/microliter, where the volume of RBCs was replaced with plasma. Results indicate that zero hematocrit conditions result in a significant R-time delay (pH 7.4 vs pH 7.1; p=0.0306, pH 7.1 vs pH 6.8; p<0.0001) whereas no significant delays occur at 20%, 30%, and 40% hematocrit. Utilization of normal saline for RBC replacement did not alter any of the 20%, 30%, or 40% hematocrit R-time findings yet zero % hematocrit samples (pH 7.1; 12.9+/-1.64 minutes, pH 6.8; 34.98+/-4.03 minutes) were significantly delayed (p<0.0001) when compared to plasma replacement of RBC (pH 7.1; 8.22+/-0.70 minutes, pH 6.8;13.98+/-1.54 minutes). Subsequent biochemical evaluation of whole blood (n=5) activated to clot in conditions of acidemia (pH 7.4, pH 7.1, pH 6.8) showed no significant delay or reduced peak of thrombin generation, no significant difference in factor V activation or fibrinopeptide A cleavage. Data indicate that 1) separation of blood components allows a more sensitive parsing mechanism for TEG evaluation of coagulation in acidemia, 2) simulated capillary blood containing low hematocrit demonstrates the anti-coagulant effects of acidemia obscured in whole blood from large vessels with normal hematocrit, 3) resuscitation with normal saline may exacerbate microvascular bleeding in the acidemic patient, and 4) RBCs prevent delays in clot initiation and loss of platelet force generation in the presence of acidemia. This work provides a mechanism to explain the observation that increased hematocrit reduces microvascular bleeding. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic Studies of in Vitro Exposure to Low-Dose Gamma Rays from 137Cs Radioactivity on Some Human Blood Components (Plasma and Red Blood Cells)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamaporn Supawat ◽  
Watcharit Vorasiripreecha ◽  
Sakornniya Wattanapongpitak ◽  
Suchart Kothan ◽  
Montree Tungjai
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract This current study was to determine the effects of in vitro exposure to radioactive cesium-137 on some human blood components (Plasma and red blood cells). Blood samples were given a radiation dose of 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mGy of gamma rays using a 137Cs radioactive standard source. The blood samples that were exposed to 0 mGy served as sham-controls. The spectrofluoroscopic technique was used to determine the autofluorescence spectrum of protein in plasma or red blood cells by using excitation wavelength and range of emission wavelengths at 280 nm and 300-550 nm, respectively. The spectrophotometric technique was used to determine the release of hemoglobin from the red blood cells to the supernatant. This data indicated no change in the ratio of fluorescence emission intensity at 340 nm of wavelength of protein extract from irradiated whole blood or red blood cells compared to the corresponding non-irradiated control. The results did not change in the absorption intensity at 415 nm of wavelength of hemoglobin leakage from in vitro irradiated red blood cells when compared to the corresponding non-irradiated red blood cells. These current results suggested that there were no harmful effects of the low-dose gamma rays from radioactive 137Cs on some blood components when human whole blood was exposed to gamma rays in an in vitro condition.

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