scholarly journals How the seed coat affects the mother’s oviposition preference and larval performance in the bean beetle (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in leguminous species

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Szentesi
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Leguminous Species ◽  
Bean Beetle ◽  
Seed Coats

Abstract Background The host specificity and host range of the dry bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), a seed predator of beans, is poorly known. In addition, the female oviposition preference and larval performance relationship is complicated by the respective importance of seed coat and cotyledon, because, paradoxically, females lay eggs on the basis of stimuli of the seed coat alone, without directly being able to assess the quality of the cotyledon’s suitability for larval development. Conversely, the thickness of seed coat may prevent first instar larvae from entering the seeds, even if cotyledons are suitable for development. Methods The seeds of 62 leguminous species and 75 cultivars and accessions occurring in Hungary were evaluated for preference-performance relations. The preference of female bean beetles for seeds was measured in no-choice egg-laying tests. The ability of first instar larvae to overcome the seed coat as a physical barrier was tested with intact seed coat, while pre-drilled seed coats allowed the larvae to assess the suitability of cotyledon for development. The number of emerging adults was recorded. The thickness of seed coats and the weight of seeds were measured. Nonparametric tests and logistic regression were used for the statistical analyses of data and effect sizes were also calculated. Results Seeds of 18 leguminous species (35% of them Lathyrus) supported larval development to adults if the seed coat was pre-drilled; however, only nine leguminous species supported development to adults if the seed coat was intact. Seed coat thickness beyond a critical threshold of 0.1 mm strongly influenced survival of first instar larvae. There was no overall positive correlation between oviposition preference and larval performance, except for 16 so-called acceptable non-hosts (Kendall’s τ = 0.3088). A. obtectus females also showed an ovipositional hierarchy of legume species even in no-choice tests. Conclusions The results suggest that whereas the use of some acceptable non-host species by the A. obtectus is possible in seed stores, the same is unlikely under outdoor conditions, where the recognition of a diverse set of seed pod-related compounds would be necessary to induce egg-laying.

scholarly journals How bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Coleoptera, Bruchinae) larvae die on legume seeds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Szentesi
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Bean Weevil ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Intact Seed ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Seed Coats

Abstract BackgroundThe host specificity and the range of possible wild and cultivated hosts of the dry bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), a seed predator of beans, is poorly known. In addition, female oviposition preference and larval performance relationship is complicated by the respective importance of seed coat and cotyledon, because, on the one hand, paradoxically, females lay eggs on the basis of stimuli of the seed coat alone, without directly being able to assess the quality of cotyledon’s suitability for larval development. On the other, the thickness of seed coat may prevent first instar larvae from entering the seeds, even if cotyledons were suitable for development.ResultsThe seeds of 62 leguminous species and 82 accessions occurring in Hungary were tested in no-choice tests for egg-laying. The ability of first instar larvae to overcome seed coat, as a physical barrier, was measured with intact seed coat, whereas drilled seed coats allowed assessing the suitability of cotyledon for development. Seeds of 18 species (35% of them Lathyrus) supported larval development to adults, if the seed coat was drilled, however, only nine produced adults, if the seed coat was intact. Seed coats thicker than 0.1 mm could be an obstacle for first instar larvae. There was no overall positive correlation between oviposition preference and larval performance, with the exception of 16 so-called acceptable non-hosts (Kendall’s τ = 0.3088). Bean weevil females also demonstrated an ovipositional hierarchy of legume species even in no-choice tests.ConclusionsResults demonstrate that whereas the use of some acceptable non-host species by the bean weevil is possible in seed stores, the same is unlikely under outdoor conditions, because it requires the recognition of basically different oviposition substrates (pods).

scholarly journals How bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Coleoptera, Bruchinae) larvae die on legume seeds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Szentesi
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Bean Weevil ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Choice Tests

Abstract Background The host specificity of the dry bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchinae), a seed predator of beans, is not properly known. Occasional use of leguminous seeds other than beans is reported, however the sphere of possible wild and cultivated hosts is uncertain. Female oviposition preference and larval performance relationship is complicated by the respective importance of seed coat and cotyledon, because paradoxically, females must exercise oviposition preference on the basis of stimuli provided by the seed coat alone, without directly being able to assess the quality of cotyledon’s suitability for larval development.Results Host specificity and host range investigations carried out on seeds of 62 grown and naturally occurring legume species and 82 cultivars of Phaseolus, Pisum, Glycine, Lens and others in Hungary, using no-choice tests for egg-laying, and intact or pierced seed coat for larval development in seeds, showed that there were 18 plant species (35% of them Lathyrus) that supported larval development to adults, however, only nine species (4 of 17 Glycine max accessions, Vigna unguiculata, V. angularis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ph. coccineus, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba, Lathyrus sativus and 13 of 27 Pisum sativum accessions) allowed it if the seed coat was intact. Furthermore, there was no overall positive correlation between oviposition preference and larval performance, with the exception for the so-called acceptable non-hosts (Kendall’s τ = 0.3088). Bean weevil females also demonstrated an ovipositional hierarchy of legume species even in no-choice tests.Conclusions Host range expansion is not probable with the bean weevil, primarily because it would require the recognition of basically different oviposition substrates (pods) among outdoor conditions.

scholarly journals Plant responses to butterfly oviposition partly explain preference-performance relationships on different brassicaceous species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Griese ◽  
Ana Pineda ◽  
Foteini G. Pashalidou ◽  
Eleonora Pizarro Iradi ◽  
Monika Hilker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Insect Eggs

AbstractAccording to the preference-performance hypothesis (PPH), also known as ‘mother-knows-best hypothesis’, herbivorous insects prefer those plants for oviposition, which yield the best offspring performance. Yet, most studies testing the PPH neglect the possibility that plant responses to insect eggs may affect both egg survival and larval performance. Here, we tested the PPH by studying responses of seven Brassicaceae plant species to oviposition by two cabbage white species. When including the egg phase, our study supports the ‘mother-knows-best hypothesis’: larvae of Pieris rapae (solitary) or P. brassicae (gregarious) gained most weight on those plant species which had received most eggs (B. nigra or B. montana, respectively). However, our experiments did not reveal any relationship between oviposition preference and egg survival. Brassicaceous species are known to respond to these butterfly eggs with a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis, which can lower egg survival. Pieris eggs frequently induced necrosis in five of the tested plant species. Survival of clustered P. brassicae eggs was unaffected by HR-like in four of the five species. Therefore, our experiments did not reveal any relationship between P. brassicae egg survival and oviposition preference. Females of P. rapae preferred oviposition on plant species which most frequently showed HR-like necrosis. Remarkably, although egg survival was lower on HR-like plants, larval biomass was higher compared to plants without a necrosis. We conclude that egg survival does not seem to be a deciding factor for oviposition choices. However, egg-mediated plant responses might be important to explain the PPH of the two Pieris species.Lay summaryEgg-laying preferences of herbivorous insects can often be linked to offspring performance. Commonly, the fate of insect eggs and the plant responses to the eggs have been ignored when studying the link between preference and performance. By including the egg phase, our study supports the ‘mother-knows-best hypothesis’, explained by butterfly oviposition and associated egg and larval performances on different plant species. We especially found that egg-mediated responses seem a deciding factor for butterfly oviposition choices.

scholarly journals An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Correlating Pulse Crop Seed Coat Polyphenol Profiles with Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Chelation Ability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3833
Author(s):  
Fatma M. Elessawy ◽  
Albert Vandenberg ◽  
Anas El-Aneed ◽  
Randy W. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Pulse Crop ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Crop Seed

Pulse crop seed coats are a sustainable source of antioxidant polyphenols, but are typically treated as low-value products, partly because some polyphenols reduce iron bioavailability in humans. This study correlates antioxidant/iron chelation capabilities of diverse seed coat types from five major pulse crops (common bean, lentil, pea, chickpea and faba bean) with polyphenol composition using mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify key differences and a hierarchical analysis revealed that common beans had the most diverse polyphenol profiles among these pulse crops. The highest antioxidant capacities were found in seed coats of black bean and all tannin lentils, followed by maple pea, however, tannin lentils showed much lower iron chelation among these seed coats. Thus, tannin lentils are more desirable sources as natural antioxidants in food applications, whereas black bean and maple pea are more suitable sources for industrial applications. Regardless of pulse crop, proanthocyanidins were primary contributors to antioxidant capacity, and to a lesser extent, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whereas glycosylated flavonols contributed minimally. Higher iron chelation was primarily attributed to proanthocyanidin composition, and also myricetin 3-O-glucoside in black bean. Seed coats having proanthocyanidins that are primarily prodelphinidins show higher iron chelation compared with those containing procyanidins and/or propelargonidins.

Leaf traits influencing oviposition preference and larval performance ofCameraria ohridellaon native and novel host plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla D'Costa ◽  
Monique S.J. Simmonds ◽  
Nigel Straw ◽  
Bastien Castagneyrol ◽  
Julia Koricheva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Novel Host

scholarly journals Rearing Drones in Queen Cells of Apis mellifera Honey Bees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Georgios Goras ◽  
Chrysoula Tananaki ◽  
Sofia Gounari ◽  
Elissavet Lazaridou ◽  
Dimitrios Kanelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
As If

Abstract We investigated the rearing of drone larvae grafted in queen cells. From the 1200 drone larvae that were grafted during spring and autumn, 875 were accepted (72.9%) and reared as queens. Drone larvae in false queen cells received royal jelly of the same composition and of the same amounts as queen larvae. Workers capped the queen cells as if they were drones, 9-10 days after the egg laying. Out of 60 accepted false queen cells, 21 (35%) were capped. The shape of false queen cells with drone larvae is unusually long with a characteristically elongate tip which is probably due to the falling of larvae. Bees start the destruction of the cells when the larvae were 3 days old and maximised it before and after capping. Protecting false queen cells in the colony by wrapping, reversing them upside down, or placing in a horizontal position, did not help. The only adult drones that emerged from the false queen cells were those protected in an incubator and in push-in cages. Adult drones from false queen cells had smaller wings, legs, and proboscis than regular drones. The results of this study verify previous reports that the bees do not recognise the different sex of the larvae at least at the early stage of larval development. The late destruction of false queen cells, the similarity in quality and quantity of the produced royal jelly, and the bigger drone cells, allow for the use of drone larvae in cups for the production of royal jelly.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Coat Color Genes on Milling Qualities of Red Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Subedi ◽  
Lope G. Tabil ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Economic Trait ◽  
Milling Characteristics ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Dehulling Efficiency ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Seed Coats

Efficient milling is the key economic trait for the red lentil industry. Various seed characteristics including seed coat color can influence milling characteristics. Four basic seed coat ground colors (green, gray, tan, and brown) of 16 red lentil genotypes from a common genetic background were compared to determine the effect of seed coat color genes on three key milling quality traits: dehulling efficiency (DE), milling recovery (MR), and football recovery (FR). These genotypes were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan, Canada for two years. DE, MR, and FR results varied depending on the seed coat color conferred by specific genotypes. Green and gray seed coat color (homozygous recessive tgc allele) genotypes had significantly higher DE and MR percentages compared to brown or tan seed coat types (homozygous dominant Tgc allele) depending on genotype interaction with site-year. Seeds with brown or tan seed coats had significantly higher FR percentages in two site-years. Red cotyledon lentils with uniform shape and green or gray seed coat color might be more profitable for millers who wish to maximize DE and MR of red lentil, but brown seed coat color might be preferable in terms of FR.

scholarly journals Comparative seed coat anatomy of the genus Wollemia (Araucariaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
A. S. Timchenko ◽  
A. N. Sorokin ◽  
N. S. Zdravchev ◽  
A. V. F. Ch. Bobrov ◽  
M. S. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Progressive Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Transitional Type ◽  
Seed Coats

The seed coat anatomy of Wollemia nobilis W. G. Jones, K. D. Hill et J. M. Allen was carried out. In theresult of analysis of transverse sections of seeds the sufficient parenchymatization of seed coats and their differentiationinto three morphogenetic zones – the exotesta, the mesotesta and the endotesta was revealed. Such characters of thespermoderm as differentiation of the mesotesta into several topographic zones, presence of resin cavities in mesotesta, aswell as the participation of both exotesta and mesotesta in making the wing are treated as the archaic ones. The seeds of W.nobilis are of transitional type between exomesotestal and the exotestal type (according to Corner's typology). In generalthe seed coat structure of W. nobilis fits into the divercity of seed coats structure in the family Araucariaceae and is treatedas a progressive type within the family.

Structural aspects of dormancy in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): importance and possible action mechanisms of the seed coat

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ceccato ◽  
Daniel Bertero ◽  
Diego Batlla ◽  
Beatriz Galati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Structural Aspects

AbstractTwo possible sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting were evaluated in quinoa. They showed dormancy at harvest and significant variations in dormancy level in response to environmental conditions experienced during seed development. The aims of this work were to evaluate the importance of seed coats in the regulation of dormancy in this species, to investigate possible mechanisms of action and to assess association of seed coat properties with changes in dormancy level caused by the environment. Accessions Chadmo and 2-Want were grown under field conditions on different sowing dates during 2 years. Seed coats were manipulated and seed germination was evaluated at different temperatures. Seed coat perforation before incubation led to faster dormancy loss in both accessions. This effect decreased with delayed sowing date, and seeds expressed a level of dormancy not imposed by coats. This suggests the presence of embryo dormancy in the genus Chenopodium. Seeds of the accession 2-Want had a significantly thinner seed coat at later sowing dates, associated with a decreasing coat-imposed dormancy, but this pattern was not detected in Chadmo. The seed coat acts as a barrier to the release of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in quinoa, suggested by the increase in germination and a higher amount of ABA leached from perforated seeds. ABA is able to leach from seeds with an intact seed coat, suggesting that differences in seed coat thickness may allow the leakage of different amounts of ABA. This mechanism may contribute to the observed differences in dormancy level, either between sowing dates or between accessions.

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