scholarly journals Morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Djallonké sheep in Guinea-Bissau

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo ◽  
Isidore Houaga ◽  
Martin Bienvenu Somda ◽  
Awa Linguelegue ◽  
Mamadou Ira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Traits ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract Background The present study aimed at characterizing the Djallonké Sheep (DS), the only local sheep breed raised in Guinea-Bissau. A total of 200 animals were sampled from four regions (Bafatá, Gabú, Oio and Cacheu) and described using 7 visual criteria and 8 measurements. These parameters have been studied by principal components analysis. The genetic diversity and population structure of 92 unrelated animals were studied using 12 microsatellite markers. Results The values of quantitative characters in the Bafatá region were significantly higher than those obtained in the other three regions. A phenotypic diversity of the DS population was observed and three genetic types distinguished: animals with “large traits” in the region of Bafatá, animals with “intermediate traits” in the regions of Gabú and Oio and animals with “small traits” in the Cacheu region. The hair coat colors are dominated by the white color, the shape of the facial head profile is mainly convex and the ears “erected horizontally”. Most of the morphobiometric characteristics were significantly influenced by the “region” and “sex of animals”. The average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.65 ± 0.11 supports the use of markers in genetic characterization. Gabú subpopulation had the highest genetic diversity measures (He = 0.716 ± 0.089) while Cacheu DS subpopulation presented the smallest (He = 0.651 ± 0.157). Only Gabú and Bafatá subpopulations presented significant heterozygote deficiency across all loci indicating possible significant inbreeding. Mean values for FIT,FST, FIS and GST statistics across all loci were 0.09, 0.029, 0.063 and 0.043 respectively. The overall genetic differentiation observed between the four DS subpopulations studied was low. Bafatá and Gabú are the most closely related subpopulations (DS = 0.04, genetic identity = 0.96) while Bafatá and Cacheu were the most genetically distant subpopulations (DS = 0.14, genetic identity = 0.87). Using Bayesian approach, the number of K groups that best fit the data is detected between 2 and 3, which is consistent with the morphological analysis and the factorial analysis of correspondence. Conclusions The molecular results on DS population of Guinea-Bissau confirmed the ones obtained with morphological analysis. The three genetic types observed phenotypically might be due to a combination of the agro-ecological differences and the management of breeding rather than genetic factors.

scholarly journals Morphological and Microsatellite DNA Diversity of Djallonké Sheep in Guinea-Bissau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo ◽  
Isidore Houaga ◽  
Martin Bienvenu Somda ◽  
Awa Linguelegue ◽  
Mamadou Ira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Format ◽  
Ecological Differences

Abstract Background: The present study aimed at characterizing the Djallonké Sheep (DS), the only local sheep breed raised in Guinea-Bissau. A total of 200 animals were sampled from four regions (Bafatá, Gabú, Oio and Cacheu) and described using 7 visual criteria and 8 measurements. These parameters have been studied by discriminant analysis and principal components analysis. The genetic diversity and population structure of 92 unrelated animals were studied using 12 microsatellite markers.Results: The values of quantitative characters in the Bafatá region were significantly higher than those obtained in the other three regions. A phenotypic diversity of the DS population was observed and three types of format distinguished: a “large format” in the region of Bafatá, an “intermediate format” in the regions of Gabú and Oio and a "small format" in the Cacheu region. The hair coat colors are dominated by the white color, the shape of the facial head profile is mainly convex and the ears "erected horizontally". Most of the morphobiometric characteristics were significantly influenced by the “region” and “sex of animals”.The average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.65 ± 0.11 supports the use of markers in genetic characterization. Gabú subpopulation had the highest genetic diversity measures (He = 0.716 ± 0.089) while Cacheu DS subpopulation presented the smallest (He = 0.651 ± 0.157). Only Gabú and Bafatá subpopulations presented significant heterozygote deficiency across all loci indicating possible significant inbreeding. Mean values for FIT, FST, FIS and GST statistics across all loci were 0.09, 0.029, 0.063 and 0.043 respectively. The overall genetic differentiation observed between the four DS subpopulations studied was low. Bafatá and Gabú were the most closely related subpopulations (DS = 0.04, genetic identity = 0.96) while Bafatá and Cacheu were the most genetically distant subpopulations (DS = 0.14, genetic identity = 0.87), which is consistent with the morphological analysis and the factorial analysis of correspondence. Conclusions: The molecular results on DS population of Guinea-Bissau confirmed the ones obtained with morphological analysis. The three formats observed phenotypically might be due to a combination of the agro-ecological differences and the management of breeding rather than genetic factors.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis in tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) germplasm lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawahar Lal Jatothu ◽  
A. Anil Kumar ◽  
S. B. Choudhary ◽  
H. K. Sharma ◽  
R. T. Maruthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Fibre Yield

An experiment was conducted to examine the magnitude of genetic diversity and characters contributing to genetic diversity among 81 tossa jute genotypes. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean squared distances and ward’s method, the genotypes were grouped into ten distinct clusters. Analysis reveals that stick weight contributes maximum to the phenotypic diversity (65.52%) followed by green weight (13.64%) and fibre yield (10.10%). Among the clusters Cluster IX recorded highest mean fibre yield (19.91g) followed by Cluster VII (18.94g) and these clusters also recorded high mean values for plant height, basal diameter, green weight and stick weight. The highest inter- cluster distance was 186.80 (between clusters II and X) followed by 161.26 (between clusters IV and X), indicating the wide genetic diversity among these clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster II (20.34) and the lowest in cluster X (3.17). The average inter-cluster distances were higher than the average intra-cluster distances, which shows the presence of wide genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters than those of the same cluster. The first two principal components, whose Eigen values are greater than one, accounted for 74% of the total variation among the five characters. The information obtained from diversity analysis is useful in planning further breeding programme for tossa jute improvement.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of farmer-preferred cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) landraces in Turkey and evaluation of their relationships based on agromorphological traits

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bozokalfa ◽  
Aşçioğul Kaygisiz ◽  
Dursun Eşiyok
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Tropics

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is one of the important vegetable, grain, and fodder legume species grown in the tropics and subtropics. Cowpea is grown on small farms, and locally adapted landraces or populations are cultivated, and genetic improvements are limited by the lack of knowledge of genetic diversity of the indigenous and cultivated germplasm. Characterization and classification of diversity of the germplasm is valuable for both plant breeders and germplasm curators in the development of conservation strategies and identification of plant genetic resources. In the present study, 36 qualitative and quantitative agromorphological traits were used to characterize and assess the genetic diversity of 32 farmer preferred cowpea genotypes collected from diverse cultivated locations. Genetic variation was highly significant, and phenotypic diversity was observed for agromorphological traits. Agromorphological traits were classified by principal components analysis (PCA) into 10 components, which explained 81.18% of the total variation. PCA revealed that seed properties such as weight, diameter, width, length, eye color and immature pod pigmentation, leaf and pod color properties were the primary characteristics to discriminate cowpea genotypes. The hierarchical analysis grouped the genotypes into five clusters, and significant association was not apparent between geographic origin and agromorphological traits. The promising germplasm was identified to improve the landraces for fresh pod, grain, and fodder.

scholarly journals Agronomic characters, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, and heritability of 12 genotypes of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaenudin Kartahadimaja ◽  
SETYO DWI UTOMO ◽  
ERWIN YULIADI ◽  
ABDUL KADIR SALAM ◽  
WARSONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Grain Width

Abstract. Kartahadimaja J, Utomo SD, Yuliadi E, Salam AK, Warsono, Wahyudi A. 2021. Agronomic characters, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, and heritability of 12 genotypes of rice. Biodiversitas 22: 1091-1097. The achievement of national rice production is always below the target. One of the causes is the low productivity of the varieties grown due to the stagnant genetic capacity of these varieties. The assembly of new lines through breeding is one solution that can increase the genetic capacity of new varieties. Genetic diversity is one of the factors that influence the success of plant breeding. Ten new F9 rice lines were successfully assembled showing various phenotypes. The identification of the specific advantages of each of these new rice lines was based largely on the phenotypic response. The research objective was to identify the genetic advantages of each line through the analysis approach of genetic diversity coefficient (GDC), Phenotific Diversity Coefficient (PDC), and broad-sense heritability. The research was designed on a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with ten new F9 rice lines and two comparison varieties as treatments, repeated three times. The variables observed were plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering time, harvesting time, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grain per panicle, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, and grain yield per hectare. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a difference between the mean values, it was continued with a 5% LSD test. The results showed that (i) the genotypes tested showed wide genetic and phenotypic diversity, (ii) based on the analysis of GDC, PDC, and broad sense heritability, the appearance of phenotypes of several agronomic characters was controlled by genetic factors.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and phylogenetic behavior of some minor legumes

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Oludare Agbolade ◽  
Ronke Justina Komolafe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Calyx Lobe ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Petal Length ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Range Test

Twenty-four accessions of twelve species minor legumes collected from the germplasm unit of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan, Nigeria were evaluated for their genetic diversities and phylogenetic relatedness. The accessions were planted into plots of 5 ridges of 5 meters long, spaced 1 meter apart and replicated three times at the Federal University Oye-Ekiti Teaching and Research Farm. The diversity and the relative phylogeny of the accessions were assessed through their floral morphological differences and the mean values between two accessions were evaluated by descriptive statistics. Principal component analysis was employed to identify the most discriminatory floral morphological traits and the similarities among the 24 accessions were assessed by cluster analysis (CA). Descriptive statistics through Duncan multiple range test adopted revealed genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness among the accessions. The first two principal component axes explained 64.66% of the total floral morphological variation. Standard petal length, calyx lobe length and stipule length contributed most of the variations in the legume accession. CA grouped the 24 accessions into six clusters. The study revealed intra-specific similarities and inter-specific floral morphological differences among the studied accessions.

scholarly journals Cyanobiont-bearing Dinoflagellate Ornithocercus in Temperate Coastal Waters: Cyanobiont Genetic Diversity and Host Specificity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miran Kim ◽  
Dong Choi ◽  
Myung Park
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Miseq Platform ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Abstract Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in marine environments and play an important role as primary producers. Some cyanobacteria, the so called cyanobionts (cyanobacterial symbionts), have a symbiotic relationship with unicellular organisms. Among these relationships, in particular, the nature (e.g., genetic diversity, host or cyanobiont specificity, and cyanobionts seasonality) of the cyanobionts-dinoflagellate host consortia remain poorly understood. In this study, 16S rDNA of cyanobionts in a total of 138 single host cells isolated over four seasons in temperate waters were sequenced using the MiSeq platform. Genetic analysis of cyanobionts from the dinoflagellate host Ornithocercus revealed that three genetic types of Synechococcales cyanobionts occurred at a wide range of water temperatures (11–24°C) and their distribution seems to be closely associated with the variation in salinity. Furthermore, this study showed the presence of some degree of host (or cyanobiont) specificity in cyanobionts (or host) among Ornithocercus species as well as among other dinophysoid species (i.e. Amphisolenia, Citharistes, and Histioneis). In addition to Synechococcales cyanobionts, this study identified some OTU sequences affiliated with the Vampirovibrionales and Chroococcidiopsidales in some Ornithocercus cells, suggesting that Ornithocercus species seem to be an additional new habitat for those bacterial groups.

scholarly journals Intraspecific differentiation of Reed Grass Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth (Poaceae) populations revealed by peroxidase allozymes

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Maria Krzakowa ◽  
Zbigniew Celka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Variability Level ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Geographic Regions

The genetic Variation of Reed Grass <em>Calamagrostis arundinacea</em> (L.) Roth was investigated in 25 populations in various geographic regions of Poland. A total of 907 individuals were sampled for electrophoretic analysis of peroxidase loci (11 allozymes). Populations were characterised by genetic parameters e.g. heterozygosity level, Wright's fixation index (F) and polymorphism coefficient (Pg). Mean values of interpopulation variability level (GST=0.0310), total genetic diversity (HT=0.4102) and gene flow between populations (Nm=7.805) were also examined. All the populations were polymorphic and they remain in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity of bread wheat lines with introgressions from the diploid cereal Aegilops speltoides for technological properties of grain and f lour

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 738-746
Author(s):  
L. V. Shchukina ◽  
I. F. Lapochkina ◽  
T. A. Pshenichnikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Spring Variety ◽  
Growing Conditions

The creation of varieties adapted to changing environmental conditions, resistant to various pathogens, and satisfying various grain purposes is impossible without using the genetic diversity of wheat. One of the ways to expand the genetic diversity of wheat is to introduce new variants of genes from the genetic pool of congeners and wild relatives into the genotypes of existing varieties. In this study, we used 10 lines from the Arsenal collection created on the genetic basis of the spring variety ‘Rodina’ and the diploid species Aegilops speltoides in the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” in 1994. The lines were previously characterized for the presence of translocations and chromosomal rearrangements cytologically and using molecular markers. Technological analyses were performed on grain obtained in Western Siberia and Moscow region. The aim of this study was to establish the possibilities of expanding the phenotypic diversity for technological properties of grain and flour as a result of such hybridization of bread wheat and the diploid cereal Aegilops speltoides. The variety ‘Rodina’ forms a vitreous grain with a high gluten content in Siberia, but has low physical properties of flour and dough. Five derived lines were found to have significantly higher protein and gluten content in grain. The highest values under both growing conditions were found in lines 73/00i, 82/00i, and 84/00i. Two lines (69/00i and 76/00i) showed a high flour strength and dough elasticity, characterizing the lines as strong and valuable in quality. These lines can be used for baking bread. Line 82/00i inherited from Ae. speltoides a soft-grain endosperm, which indicates the introgression of the Ha-Sp gene, homoeoallelic to the Ha gene of bread wheat, into ‘Rodina’. Flour of this line is suitable for the manufacture of confectionery without the use of technological additives. The lines generally retained their characteristics in different growing conditions. They can be attracted as donors of new alleles of genes that determine the technological properties of grain and resistance to biotic stresses.

scholarly journals Effects of genomic and functional diversity on stand-level productivity and performance of non-native Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn G. Turner ◽  
Claire M. Lorts ◽  
Asnake T. Haile ◽  
Jesse R. Lasky
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Resource ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resource Conditions

AbstractBiodiversity can affect the properties of groups of organisms, such as ecosystem function and the persistence of colonizing populations. Genomic data offer a newly available window to diversity, complementary to other measures like taxonomic or phenotypic diversity. We tested whether native genetic diversity in field experimental stands of Arabidopsis thaliana affected their aboveground biomass and fecundity in their colonized range. We constructed some stands of genotypes that we a priori predicted would differ in performance or show overyielding. We found no relationship between genetic diversity and stand total biomass. However, increasing stand genetic diversity increased fecundity in high resource conditions. Polyculture (multiple genotype) stands consistently yielded less biomass than expected based on the yields of component genotypes in monoculture. This under-yielding was strongest in stands with late-flowering and high biomass genotypes, potentially due to interference competition by these genotypes. Using a new implementation of association mapping, we identified genetic loci whose diversity was associated with stand-level yield, revealing a major flowering time locus associated with under-yielding of polycultures. Our field experiment supports community ecology studies that find a range of diversity-function relationships. Nevertheless, our results suggest diversity in colonizing propagule pools can enhance population fitness. Furthermore, interference competition among genotypes differing in flowering time might limit the advantages of polyculture.

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