scholarly journals Prisoners’ access to HIV services in southern Malawi: a cross-sectional mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Austrida Gondwe ◽  
Alemayehu Amberbir ◽  
Emmanuel Singogo ◽  
Joshua Berman ◽  
Victor Singano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
General Health ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among prisoners remains high in many countries, especially in Africa, despite a global decrease in HIV incidence. Programs to reach incarcerated populations with HIV services have been implemented in Malawi, but the success of these initiatives is uncertain. We explored which challenges prisoners face in receiving essential HIV services and whether HIV risk behavior is prevalent in prisons. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative), cross-sectional study in 2018 in six prisons in Southern Malawi, two large central prisons with on-site, non-governmental organization (NGO) supported clinics and 4 smaller rural prisons. Four hundred twelve prisoners were randomly selected and completed a structured questionnaire. We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 prisoners living with HIV, which we recorded, transcribed and translated. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Results The majority of prisoners (93.2%) were male, 61.4% were married and 63.1% were incarcerated for 1–5 years. Comprehensive services were reported to be available in the two large, urban prisons. Female prisoners reported having less access to general medical services than males. HIV risk behavior was reported infrequently and was associated with incarceration in urban prisons (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 18.43; 95% confidence interval [95%-CI] 7.59–44.74; p = < 0.001) and not being married (aOR 17.71; 95%-CI 6.95–45.13; p = < 0.001). In-depth interviews revealed that prisoners living with HIV experienced delays in referrals for more severe illnesses. Prisoners emphasized the detrimental impact of poor living conditions on their personal health and their ability to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conclusions Malawian prisoners reported adequate knowledge about HIV services albeit with gaps in specific areas. Prisoners from smaller, rural prisons had suboptimal access to comprehensive HIV services and female prisoners reported having less access to health care than males. Prisoners have great concern about their poor living conditions affecting general health and adherence to ART. These findings provide guidance for improvement of HIV services and general health care in Malawian institutionalized populations such as prisoners.

scholarly journals Differences in HIV risk behavior of injection drug users in New York City by health care setting

AIDS Care ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Turner ◽  
K. Harripersaud ◽  
N.D. Crawford ◽  
A.V. Rivera ◽  
C.M. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
York City ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior

Gender Disparities in HIV Risk Behavior and Access to Health Care in St. Petersburg, Russia

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colins Vasquez ◽  
Dmitry Lioznov ◽  
Svetlana Nikolaenko ◽  
Sergey Yatsishin ◽  
Darya Lesnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Access To Health

scholarly journals Intoxication before last sexual encounter and HIV risk behavior among men and women in Uganda: Evidence from a nationwide survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazarius M. Tumwesigye ◽  
Rhoda K. Wanyenze ◽  
Tom K. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Independent Association

Tumwesigye, N. M.. Wanyenze, R. K. & Greenfield, T. K. (2012). Intoxication before last sexual encounter and HIV risk behavior among men and women in Uganda: Evidence from a nationwide survey. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 1(1), 67-78. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.36 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.36)Aims: To establish the prevalence of intoxication before sex and its association with risky sexual behavior.Design: The data were from the 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey which had been designed for a cross-sectional descriptive study.Setting: The study covered the whole of Uganda.Participants: The respondents were 6,253 women and 1,804 men who had ever had sex.Measurements: The key independent variable was intoxication before last sexual intercourse, while the major outcome variables were condom use and sex with non-regular partners. Weighted prevalence of intoxication was computed and multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the independent association of intoxication with risky sexual behavior.Findings: Twelve percent of men and 16% of women reported having been intoxicated before last sexual intercourse. Of the women who reported that one of the partners was intoxicated before last sexual intercourse, 78% said it was their partner who was intoxicated. Of the men who reported intoxication, 83% said it was they themselves who were intoxicated. Intoxication of men was associated with having sex with non-regular partners (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04–3.03) and having unprotected sex (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07–2.73). Women who were intoxicated were less likely to have been with non-regular partners (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.95). The women whose partners were intoxicated were more likely to report having had unprotected sex (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12–2.15).Conclusions: HIV prevention mechanisms should address intoxication before sex. More effort is needed to find ways of helping women avoid unprotected sex with intoxicated partners.  

scholarly journals Psychosocial Health Problems Associated with Increased HIV Risk Behavior among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e58099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshab Deuba ◽  
Anna Mia Ekström ◽  
Rachana Shrestha ◽  
George Ionita ◽  
Laxmi Bhatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals The Relationship between Alcohol Outlets, HIV Risk Behavior, and HSV-2 Infection among South African Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0125510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Rosenberg ◽  
Audrey Pettifor ◽  
Annelies Van Rie ◽  
Harsha Thirumurthy ◽  
Michael Emch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcohol Outlets ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Hiv Risk Behavior And Work In Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Buregyeya ◽  
W Bazeyo ◽  
BE Moen ◽  
C Michelo ◽  
K Fylkesnes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Methamphetamine use and HIV risk behavior among men who inject drugs: causal inference using coarsened exact matching

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Noroozi ◽  
Peter Higgs ◽  
Alireza Noroozi ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
Bentolhoda Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coarsened Exact Matching ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background Understanding the association between methamphetamine (MA) use and HIV risk behavior among people who inject drugs (PWID) will assist policy-makers and program managers to sharpen the focus of HIV prevention interventions. This study examines the relationship between MA use and HIV risk behavior among men who inject drugs (MWID) in Tehran, Iran, using coarsened exact matching (CEM). Methods Data for these analyses were derived from a cross-sectional study conducted between June and July 2016. We assessed three outcomes of interest—all treated as binary variables, including distributive and receptive needle and syringe (NS) sharing and condomless sex during the month before interview. Our primary exposure of interest was whether study participants reported any MA use in the month prior to the interview. Firstly, we report the descriptive statistics for the pooled samples and matched sub-samples using CEM. The pooled and matched estimates of the associations and their 95% CI were estimated using a logistic regression model. Results Overall, 500 MWID aged between 18 and 63 years (mean = 28.44, SD = 7.22) were recruited. Imbalances in the measured demographic characteristics and risk behaviors between MA users and non-users were attenuated using matching. In the matched samples, the regression models showed participants who reported MA use were 1.82 times more likely to report condomless sex (OR = 1.82 95% CI 1.51, 4.10; P = 0.031), and 1.35 times more likely to report distributive NS sharing in the past 30 days, as compared to MA non-users (OR = 1.35 95% CI 1.15–1.81). Finally, there was a statistically significant relationship between MA use and receptive NS sharing in the past month. People who use MA in the last month had higher odds of receptive NS sharing when compared to MA non-users (OR = 4.2 95% CI 2.7, 7.5; P = 0.013). Conclusions Our results show a significant relationship between MA use and HIV risk behavior among MWID in Tehran, Iran. MA use was related with increased NS sharing, which is associated with higher risk for HIV exposure and transmission.

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