scholarly journals Men’s reproductive coercion of women: prevalence, experiences, and coping strategies—a mixed method study in urban health facilities in León, Nicaragua

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Brenner ◽  
William J. Ugarte ◽  
Ida Carlsson ◽  
Mariano Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Reproductive Autonomy ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Reproductive Coercion ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Background Reproductive coercion (RC) is a common form of violence against women. It can take several expressions aiming at limiting women’s reproductive autonomy. Thus, the frequency and how reproductive coercion can be resisted must be investigated. There is limited research regarding RC in Latin America. Therefore, this study aimed to measure RC prevalence and associated factors and to explore the women experiences and coping strategies for RC. Methods A convergent mixed-methods study with parallel sampling was conducted in Nicaragua. A quantitative phase was applied with 390 women 18–35 years old attending three main urban primary health care facilities. Lifetime and 12 months of exposure to RC behaviors including pregnancy promotion (PP) and contraceptive sabotage (CS) were assessed. Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to obtain adjusted prevalence rate ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). In addition, seven in-depth interviews were collected and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Ever RC prevalence was 17.4% (95% CI, 13.8–21.6) with similar proportions reporting ever experiencing PP (12.6%, 95% CI 9.4–16.3) or ever experiencing CS (11.8%, 95% CI 8.7–15.4). The prevalence of last twelve months RC was slightly lower (12.3%, 95% CI, 9.2–16.0) than above. Twelve months PP (7.4%, 95% CI 5.0–10.5) and CS (8.7%, 95% CI 6.1–12.0) were also similar. Women’s higher education was a protective factor against ever and 12 months of exposure to any RC behaviors by a current or former partner. Informants described a broad spectrum of coping strategies during and after exposure to RC. However, these rarely succeeded in preventing unintended pregnancies or regaining women’s long-term fertility autonomy. Conclusions Our facility-based study showed that men’s RC is a continuous phenomenon that can be enacted through explicit or subtle behaviors. Women in our study used different strategies to cope with RC but rarely succeeded in preventing unintended pregnancies or regaining their long-term fertility autonomy. Population-based studies are needed assess this phenomenon in a larger sample. The Nicaraguan health system should screen for RC and develop policies to protect women’s reproductive autonomy.

scholarly journals Men’s reproductive coercion of women. Prevalence, experiences, and coping strategies. A mixed method study in urban health facilities in León, Nicaragua

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Brenner ◽  
William J. Ugarte G. ◽  
Ida Carlsson ◽  
Mariano Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
System Response ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Reproductive Coercion ◽  
Women's Higher Education ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
And Coping

Abstract BackgroundReproductive coercion (RC) is quite a common form of violence against women. However, it mostly goes unrecognized by victims. It can take several expressions aiming at limiting a woman’s reproductive autonomy. Thus, the frequency and how reproductive coercion can be resisted must be investigated. There is limited research regarding RC in Latin America. Therefore, this study aimed to measure RC prevalence and associated factors and to explore the women experiences and coping strategies for RC.MethodsA convergent mixed-methods approach with parallel sampling was conducted in western Nicaragua. A quantitative phase was applied with 390 women 18–35 years old attending three main urban primary health care facilities. Lifetime and 12 months of exposure to RC behaviors including pregnancy promotion (PP) and contraceptive sabotage (CS) were assessed. Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to obtain adjusted prevalence rate ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). In addition, seven in-depth interviews were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsEver RC prevalence was 17.4% (95% CI, 13.8–21.6) with similar proportions reporting ever experiencing PP (12.6%, 95% CI 9.4–16.3) or ever experiencing CS (11.8%, 95% CI 8.7–15.4). The prevalence of last twelve months RC was slightly lower (12.3%, 95% CI, 9.2–16.0) than above. Twelve months PP (7.4%, 95% CI 5.0-10.5) and CS (8.7%, 95% CI 6.1–12.0) were also similar. Women considered that control is an expression of care. Women’s higher education was a protective factor against ever and 12 months of exposure to any RC behaviors by a current or former partner. Informants described a broad spectrum of coping strategies during and after exposure to RC. However, these rarely succeeded in preventing unintended pregnancies or regain women’s long-term fertility autonomy.ConclusionsIn Nicaragua, men’s RC is a pervasive continuous phenomenon that can be enacted through explicit or subtle behaviors. Women used different strategies to cope with RC but rarely succeeded in preventing unintended pregnancies or regain their long-term fertility autonomy. Thus, these findings highlight the need for a comprehensive health system response on different expressions of RC. There are important implications for improving female reproductive agency in Nicaragua and elsewhere.

Impact of COVID-19 on Food Insecurity and Coping Mechanisms of Marginalized People in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Emadul Islam ◽  
Ishtiaque Jahan Shoef ◽  
Mehadi Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is part of an extensive panel survey conducted among the BRAC COVID-19 response HHs between April 2020 to September 2020. This chapter aims to describe the food insecurity status of BRAC-supported HHs and their coping strategies to combat the impact of COVID-19. A total of 6,086 HHs were interviewed in the 1st round (April 2020-June 2020), whilst these HHs were interviewed in the 2nd round (July 2020 to September 2020). Findings reveal that COVID-19 has created an unprecedented impact on HH food insecurity. The study prepared a food index score and found that 33% of HHs are extremely food insecure, whilst 19% are highly insecure. In terms of coping strategies to the current food needs of the HHs, dependency on the personal mechanism and institutional mechanisms were identified. The study argues that the COVID-19 crisis forces HHs into long-term loan burden, which may lead to another hurdle, causing delayed HHs economic recovery. Long-term GO and NGO sustainable economic recovery intervention could help marginalized people to build back better from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Trauma, Complaints, Somatization, and Coping Strategies among Syrian Refugees in Germany—A Qualitative Study of an At-Risk Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Ali Zbidat ◽  
Ekaterini Georgiadou ◽  
Andrea Borho ◽  
Yesim Erim ◽  
Eva Morawa
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
And Coping

Background: A high prevalence of mental distress, especially posttraumatic stress disorder, has been widely confirmed among refugees. In order to establish adequate interventions in psychotherapy, however, it must first be examined whether refugees have similar ideas and concepts of stress, trauma, and healing. This study, therefore, aimed to analyze the representations of trauma, self-reported complaints, indications of somatization, and coping strategies among a refugee population. Methods: Semi-structured interviews based on the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) were conducted with Syrian refugees who have residence permission in Germany. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the qualitative content analysis of Mayring. The foci of interest were determined on the basis of the predefined interview guideline, and inductive subcategories were extracted from the transcripts. Results: Sixteen refugees participated (50% women; mean age: 35.5 years, SD = 11.2; the mean duration of stay in Germany: 23.3 months, SD = 6.6). War experiences were the most frequently reported subjective perceptions of trauma. Frequently reported complaints included sleeping disturbance, cardiovascular symptoms, rumination, and pain. Among half of the participants, we found indications of somatization. We identified the following coping strategies: Activity, cognitive coping, social coping, religious coping, avoidance, and emotional coping. Conclusions: War-related traumatic events are the most common trauma perceptions among Syrian refugees. The self-reported complaints demonstrate somatoform, depressive, and posttraumatic symptoms. Syrian refugees should be screened for somatization, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder and should receive targeted interventions that consider and support individual coping resources.

scholarly journals The Coping Process: Cognitive Appraisals of Stress, Coping Strategies, and Coping Effectiveness

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Sook Kim ◽  
Joan L. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
And Coping

This study examined the effectiveness of the reported coping responses utilized by 318 U.S. and 404 Korean athletes based on the Outcome model (i.e., considers perceived immediate and long-term outcomes) and the Goodness-of-Fit model (i.e., considers the fit between situational appraisal and coping strategies employed). Intercollegiate athletes provided information regarding frequency of psychological difficulties experienced during competition, their perceived controllability over such difficulties, and the reported coping strategies utilized to counter this particular stressor. Recursive path analyses revealed that both Active/Problem-Focused and Avoidance/Withdrawal coping were deemed immediately effective during competition. Active/Problem-Focused and Avoidance/Withdrawal coping strategies were, respectively, positively and negatively associated with all three long-term variables. Results partially supported the Goodness-of-Fit model among both Korean and U.S. athletes.

‘Walking a tight rope’: an investigation of nurse managers’ work stressors and coping experiences

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Udod ◽  
W. Dean Care
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Senior Nurse ◽  
And Coping

Competing demands and a nursing shortage have contributed to a managerial workforce that is overworked and a health care environment that is under constant tension. The short supply and high turnover of manager positions, upwards of 30% in some regions in Canada, have contributed to an unstable work environment. The aim of this study examined the stress experiences and coping strategies of nurse managers in an acute care setting. Semi-structured interviews of five nurse managers were included in this pilot study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed text. Six descriptive themes related to work stressors were identified: fiscal responsibilities, inadequate human resources, managing others, intrapersonal distress, middle management role and competing priorities. Three descriptive themes related to coping strategies were identified: peer and superior support, cognitive coping strategies and social and personal strategies. Findings indicate that coping mechanisms lessened the work stressors experienced by managers, but it was not always evident managers felt confident in their ability to cope effectively. Senior nurse leaders play an integral role in assuming responsibility for equipping managers with appropriate preparation and support to facilitate their success and to enhance the attractiveness of the manager role to potential recruits.

scholarly journals Novice Teachers’ Challenges and Coping Strategies in Qatari Government Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 118-142
Author(s):  
Shaikha R AL-Naimi ◽  
Michael H Romanowski ◽  
Xiangyun Du
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Novice Teachers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Professional Challenges ◽  
Active Communication ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Personal Challenges

This study examined the challenges novice teachers encountered in Qatari government schools and the coping strategies they adopt. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 15 novice teachers during their initial years of teaching. The findings demonstrated that most participants faced several personal challenges and other challenges within and beyond the school. Findings also indicated that these teachers confronted these challenges using various coping strategies. The challenges facing novice teachers include teaching and classroom, government, and administrative, and professional challenges. Novice teachers' coping strategies included individual internal peace strategies, active communication, and changing environment. Finally, based on these findings, suggestions are provided to support novice teachers' long-term success in Qatari government schools or similar contexts.

scholarly journals Drought Adaptation and Coping Strategies among Coffee Farmers in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Le Nguyen ◽  
Mau Dung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
And Coping

Vietnam is the second largest coffee producer in the world, mostly from the Central Highlands region where water has been becoming a scarce resource. Since 2014, drought has been strongly affecting Central Highlands’ agriculture, particularly coffee production. The drought leads to changes in flowering, ripening and thus harvesting times of coffee. Coffee productivity has reduced about 50 percent. Ultimately, coffee quantity and quality is jeopardized which endangers coffee farmers who occupy 90 per cent of population and their livelihoods mainly rely on coffee. Most of coffee farmers have had to develop alternative strategies to respond to the drought. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from 50 coffee households in a community in the Central Highlands, this research has indicated that farmers had to find the ways to adapt as well as to cope with drought. The ways of adaptation and coping were diverse, including short, medium and long-term plans. To strengthen the adaptation and coping strategies of farmers with drought in the short term, it is recommended that authorities provide more technical and financial support to farmers. Furthermore, longer term strategies need to focus on land use planning, investment in irrigation schemes, and consolidated afforestation schemes in appropriate areas.

scholarly journals Weekend Warriors: Autonomy-Connection, Openness-Closedness, and Coping Strategies of Marital Partners in Nonresidential Stepfamilies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky DeGreeff ◽  
Ann Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Dialectical Tensions ◽  
Dialectical Theory ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Marital Partners ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unique Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine the classic and unique relationship tensions marital partners of non-residential stepfamilies experience. Grounded in relational dialectical theory, transcripts from interviews of five non-residential stepfamily couples were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to search for and identify autonomy-connection and openness-closedness dialectical tensions and coping strategies utilized by the participants. These relational dialectical tensions were illustrated in every interview. Tensions were present not only between the relationship partners, but also in regard to the non-residential children. Participants utilized a variety of coping strategies to deal with the relationship tensions experienced in their marriage within a non-residential stepfamily setting.

scholarly journals P-467 Emotions, Thoughts, and Coping Strategies of Women with Infertility Problems on Changes in Treatment during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Arbag ◽  
M. Aluş Tokat ◽  
S Fata
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Study question What are the emotions, thoughts and coping strategies of women with infertility problems on changes in treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic? Summary answer Treatment-related procedures keep changing directions, exposing the women to high level of uncertainty. Changes in treatments may be perceived as threats to achieving parenting goals. What is known already Both infertility and the treatment process constitute a stressful experience. Literature reports that couples describe infertility as the most difficult challenge to overcome in their lives. In addition, it has been reported that women experience more anxiety, stress, and depression than men during this period. Societies and individuals affected by large-scale disasters, such as global pandemics, can develop stress-related disorders. Current data indicate that closure of fertility clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a sharp increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients undergoing fertility treatments and was perceived as an uncontrollable and stressful event. Study design, size, duration The research was designed as a qualitative study. The data were collected from two Internet forums between October - December 2020. Blogs most frequently used by women with infertility in Turkey were simultaneously selected. The comments of 30 women were included. Participants/materials, setting, methods Data were screened by using the directed qualitative content analysis. After selecting the blog, emotions, thoughts, and coping strategies expressed by 30 women whose treatment was canceled due to the Covid-19 pandemic or who continued treatment during this period were included in the analysis. The themes created were adapted to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Main results and the role of chance The thematic analysis of the expression of women with infertility problems in accordance with the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping stages of Lazarus and Folkman resulted in 4 themes: psychological changes, cognitive changes, changes in social life, and coping strategies. Some women perceived changes in treatments positively, and stopping the treatments due to the uncertainty of the pandemic and its effect on pregnancy and the baby made them feel safe. The majority of women appraised the closure of fertility clinics negatively impacted their lives. They experienced despair, uncertainty, disappointment, anxiety, anger, sadness, and exhaustion from waiting. Also, some participants did not find it right to delay the treatments and felt that the healthcare personnel postponed the treatments to avoid infection. Women experienced feelings of anger, distrust, and threats toward the health authorities. Moreover, the women in our study stated that they were always at home due to the pandemic, far from friends and family, and therefore did did not feel need for self-care and considered themselves ugly. The expressions of women mostly include emotion-based coping strategies. They used activities such as praying, exercising, distracting, noticing the positive side of postponing, and stopping treatments during the pandemic, accepting, and meditating. Limitations, reasons for caution Clinics closed due to the pandemic or limited procedures caused fewer women to come to the clinics. At the same time, it is not accepted for anyone other than working in the clinic to come to the clinics for scientific studies. Therefore, comments of women have been reached through blogs. Wider implications of the findings It is believed that approaches based on Lazarus and Folkman’s model helped the health professionals to determine potential stressors for women with infertility during the pandemic, and identified areas that required strengthening and improved personal coping strategies. Trial registration number not applicable

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