On Moral Judgements and Personality Disorders

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Psychopathic Disorder

Psychopathic personality has always been a contentious concept, but it continues to be used in clinical practice and research. It also has its contemporary synonyms in the categories of antisocial personality disorder in DSM–III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) and “personality disorder with predominantly asocial or sociopathic manifestations” in ICD–9 (World Health Organization, 1978), and some overlap between these and the legal category of psychopathic disorder identified in the English Mental Health Act 1983 is commonly assumed. Although the literal meaning of ‘psychopathic’ is nothing more specific than psychologically damaged, the term has long since been transmogrified to mean socially damaging, and as currently used, it implies a specific category of people inherently committed to antisocial behaviour as a consequence of personal abnormalities or deficiencies.

1. How can we know if someone is a psychopath or is at risk of becoming one?

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
Essi Viding
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
The Difference

What are individuals with psychopathy like and what are their defining features? ‘How can we know if someone is a psychopath or is at risk of becoming one?’ considers two case studies to give an idea of the developmental course of criminal psychopathy and what psychopathic personality traits look like. It discusses the Psychopathy Checklist, developed by Robert Hare in the 1980s, and explains the difference between antisocial personality disorder, sociopathy, and psychopathy. Research has shown that whether we look at criminal psychopaths, individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits in the general population, or children who are at risk of developing psychopathy, similar patterns of brain function and information processing are seen.

Using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory to identify subtypes of antisocial personality disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cox ◽  
John F. Edens ◽  
Melissa S. Magyar ◽  
Scott O. Lilienfeld ◽  
Kevin S. Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory

scholarly journals The Differentiation of Narrative Styles in Individuals with High Psychopathic Deviate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gawda
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Intelligence Level ◽  
Psychopathic Deviate

AbstractThe current study was designed to show the differentiation of narrative styles in individuals with high scores in Psychopathic deviate (Pd) scale and develop a method enabling identification of psychopathic personality traits based on linguistic indicators. 600 spontaneous narrations related to emotional topics have been examined for grammar, syntactic, and lexical indicators. The indicators have been selected based on a review related to language of psychopaths. The narrations were written by 200 persons who were also tested for psychopathic deviate and intelligence level, including prisoners diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Independent judges identified the linguistic indicators which were then counted for each person with the use of computer software. The configuration profiles of the linguistic indicators/narrative styles were established using k-mean clustering method. Then, ANOVA was performed to show which clusters differentiate the levels of psychopathic deviate. The findings show there are two configurations of language features (important: single features were not examined) associated with high levels of psychopathic deviate patterns. Two narrative styles were identified, labelled demonstrative-digressive-egocentric-emotional-dogmatic and reserved-focused on the topic-repetitive, which indicate high psychopathic deviate traits. The ROC curves were applied to establish the prediction of the narrative styles for high psychopathic deviate scores.

scholarly journals Psychopathic traits in adolescence: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Ronchetti ◽  
Gabriel José Chittó Gauer ◽  
Sílvio Vasconcellos ◽  
Leonardo Machado da Silva ◽  
Guinter Luhring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Tendency ◽  
Psychological Instruments

Currently, and throughout the history of mental healthcare, the literature highlights that there is no agreement on the use of the terms "antisocial personality disorder" and "psychopathic personality". This paper aims to promote a debate over these concepts and their evaluation for both adults and adolescents. With this aim, a systematic review was conducted in the MedLine data base between 1968 and March 2011 using the terms "adolescent", "antisocial personality disorder", and "personality assessment". From the 59 identified articles 29 were selected to further analysis. The discussion of these terms was confirmed, as well as the importance of assessing psychopathic traits during adolescence. An initial tendency to disregard the term psychopathy and its affective implications was evidenced. However, the latest psychological instruments return to the discussion regarding the use of this diagnosis and its implications.

Lack of quality assurance in forensic psychiatry: false positive prevalence of antisocial personality disorder among norwegian inmates on preventive detention

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 797-797
Author(s):  
H. Vaeroy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
False Positive Diagnosis ◽  
History Of

IntroductionA Norwegian government publication (1) claims a prevalence of around 50% of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) in a small group of male detainees on preventive detention. The present study population is recruited from more or less the same population as those among whom a 50% prevalence of APD has been claimed (1). Norwegian forensic investigators rarely (17%) apply psychometric tools to confirm their clinical diagnosis (2).AimsTo confirm the diagnosis of APD applying SCID axis II. Methods: Fifty six inmates were available at the prison. Twenty eight were willing to participate (50%). Two were excluded. Thus, 26 (46%) inmates participated. DSM IV, SCID axis II was applied.ResultsNone of the 26/56 matched the APD criteria, mainly failing to fulfil the diagnosis of Conduct Disorder (CD) before the age of 15 years. All the inmates had a history of antisocial behaviour.ConclusionsTo explain the claim of around 50% APD in view of the present results, close to 100% APD should be found among the remaning thirty non-participating inmates. We consider this unlikely.A diagnosis of APD based on the history of antisocial behaviour alone represents a pitfall. Lack of quality assurance could lead to false positive diagnosis. The need for a standardized approach and quality assurance in Norwegian forensic psychiatric evaluations seems nevessary to avoid false positive diagnosis.

Treatment Outlines for Antisocial Personality Disorder

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
The Real ◽  
Effective Treatments

The notion of antisocial behaviour as mental disorder is reviewed and criteria to distinguish it from criminality described. The natural history and familial nature of the disorder are emphasised. The literature was searched unsuccess-fully for accounts of effective treatments. The sample of practising psychiatrists and the nominated experts were agreed, in the absence of any specific remedy, about the management of such patients. There are three principles. Clarify the real reason help is being sought, treat intercurrent conditions energetically, and remember that as remission is common by mid-life what happens to the patient before then may materially affect their ability to manage later.

Differentiating between pathological demand avoidance and antisocial personality disorder: a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Trundle ◽  
Leam A. Craig ◽  
Ian Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offending Behaviour

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the different clinical features of pathological demand avoidance (PDA) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) presented in the form of a single case study. The study highlights the potential of misdiagnosis and conceptual confusions to practitioners in forensic settings between the two conditions when working with offenders with personality disorders. Design/methodology/approach A case formulation using the “five Ps” method based on the personal history of an incarcerated male is presented and the clinical similarities and differences between PDA and ASPD are delineated. These differences and similarities are evaluated and applied to offender management including intervention options. Findings There are considerable similarities between ASPD and PDA making the two conditions difficult to separate. Both diagnostic criteria identify childhood behavioural problems, aggression, destructiveness, conduct disorder (CD), manipulation and non-compliance as indications of the disorder. For example, the criteria for later adult ASPD are the presence of childhood antisocial behaviour and CD. However, these behaviours may also be suggestive of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and non-compliance that are part of PDA. Violent behaviours and aggression can also be perceived in a similar way. Misdiagnosis of PDA as ASPD reduces the efficiency of treatment programmes. Originality/value The implications of these findings could prove useful in the successful risk management of offenders with PDA. Given the similar behavioural characteristics between PDA and ASPD, the prevalence of PDA among offenders may be higher than observed. The aim of this study is to raise awareness of potential conceptual complications and clinical confusions between the two conditions with a view to aid offender management through case formulation. A large scale study into offenders with PDA would draw attention to the prevalence of the condition as well as its association with offending behaviour.

Associations between psychiatric disorder and offending

2012 ◽  
pp. 1917-1926
Author(s):  
Lindsay Thomson ◽  
Rajan Darjee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Violent Offending

The associations between psychiatric disorder and offending are complex. There has been a great deal of research into certain disorders and violent offending particularly over the last two decades. In summary, this has found a clear and consistent association between schizophreniform psychoses and violence, the importance of premorbid antisocial behaviour in predicting future violence, and the adjunctive effect of co-morbid substance misuse and antisocial personality disorder in the prevalence of violence. In addition, it has allowed the development of neuropsychiatric models to begin to explain violence in the context of mental disorder. Substance use disorders and learning disability are discussed in Chapters 11.3.2 and 11.3.3.

scholarly journals Early identification of individuals at risk for antisocial personality disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (S44) ◽  
pp. s11-s14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hill
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Child Conduct Problems ◽  
Child Conduct ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundAntisocial personality disorder is usually preceded by serious and persistent conduct problems starting in early childhood, and so there is little difficulty in identifying an at-risk group.AimsTo address six key areas concerning the relationship between early conduct problems and antisocial personality disorder.MethodReview of recent research into early identification of and intervention in child conduct problems, following up to possible adult antisocial behaviour.ResultsConduct problems are predictive of antisocial personality disorder independently of the associated adverse family and social factors. Prediction could be aided through identification of subtypes of conduct problems. There is limited evidence on which children have problems that are likely to persist and which will improve; children who desist from early conduct problems and those with onset in adolescence are also vulnerable as adults.ConclusionsThe predictive power of the childhood precursors of antisocial personality disorder provides ample justification for early intervention. Greater understanding of subgroups within the broad category of antisocial children and adults should assist with devising and targeting interventions.

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