scholarly journals U.S. Occupational Mobility of Children of Immigrants Based on Parents' Origin-Country Occupation

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-245
Author(s):  
Stephanie Potochnick ◽  
Matthew Hall
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
National Level ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
Career Attainment ◽  
Immigrant Selection

Abstract This study provides a national-level assessment of occupational mobility and early-career attainment of children of immigrants based on parents' origin-country occupation. Exploiting unique aspects of the Educational Longitudinal Study, we examine how parent-child U.S. intergenerational occupational mobility patterns and child occupational attainment differ based on parental premigration occupational status (i.e., low- vs. high-skilled) and parental postmigration occupational mobility (i.e., upward, same, or downward). Our results suggest misestimation in intergenerational mobility research if parents' origin-country occupation is excluded. Including parents' origin-country occupation, we find that the children of immigrants are recovering from instances of parental occupational downgrading, building on parental advances, and advancing where parents could not. Furthermore, most children of immigrants do as well or better occupationally than children of non-Hispanic White natives. Strong educational investments help explain this advantage, particularly for children of high-skilled immigrants. However, results indicate that all children of immigrants would attain even more if they faced fewer postmigration barriers, especially children of low-skilled immigrants. These results advance immigrant selection and assimilation theories by demonstrating how pre- and postmigration factors influence occupational attainment of children of immigrants.

scholarly journals Skilled Migrants in the Swedish Labour Market: An Analysis of Employment, Income and Occupational Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3428
Author(s):  
Nahikari Irastorza ◽  
Pieter Bevelander
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Highly Skilled Migrants ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Employment Rates

In a globalised world with an increasing division of labour, the competition for highly skilled individuals—regardless of their origin—is growing, as is the value of such individuals for national economies. Yet the majority of studies analysing the economic integration of immigrants shows that those who are highly skilled also have substantial hurdles to overcome: their employment rates and salaries are lower and they face a higher education-to-occupation mismatch compared to highly skilled natives. This paper contributes to the paucity of studies on the employment patterns of highly skilled immigrants to Sweden by providing an overview of the socio-demographic characteristics, labour-market participation and occupational mobility of highly educated migrants in Sweden. Based on a statistical analysis of register data, we compare their employment rates, salaries and occupational skill level and mobility to those of immigrants with lower education and with natives. The descriptive analysis of the data shows that, while highly skilled immigrants perform better than those with a lower educational level, they never catch up with their native counterparts. Our regression analyses confirm these patterns for highly skilled migrants. Furthermore, we find that reasons for migration matter for highly skilled migrants’ employment outcomes, with labour migrants having better employment rates, income and qualification-matched employment than family reunion migrants and refugees.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Technical Throwing Skills on Nomination Status in Youth and Long-Term Career Attainment in Handball

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Koopmann ◽  
Franziska Lath ◽  
Dirk Büsch ◽  
Jörg Schorer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Career Attainment ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Research on talent in sports aims to identify predictors of future performance. This study retrospectively investigated 1) relationships between young handball field players’ technical throwing skills and (a) their potential nomination to youth national teams and (b) their long-term career attainment 10 years later, and 2) associations between nomination status and career attainment. Results Results from retrospectively predicting nomination status and career attainment using logistic regression analyses show that technical throwing skills were partly able to explain players’ nomination status (Nagelkerke R2: females 9.2%, males 13.1%) and career attainment (Nagelkerke R2: 9.8% for female players). Here, variables throwing velocity and time on exercise showed statistically significant effects. In addition, nomination status and career attainment were shown to be associated using chi-square tests (w of .37 and .23 for female and male players, respectively) and nomination status as a predictor increased the prediction of career attainment remarkably (Nagelkerke R2: females 20.3%, males 12.7%). Conclusions Given these results, basic technical throwing skills may serve rather as a prerequisite in this age group on national level, emphasizing its importance already on lower levels and in younger age groups. Furthermore, advantages from entering the national TID system early especially for females are discussed.

scholarly journals The Economic and Career Effects of Sexual Harassment on Working Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather McLaughlin ◽  
Christopher Uggen ◽  
Amy Blackstone
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Job Change ◽  
Career Attainment ◽  
Longitudinal Survey Data ◽  
Depth Interviews

Many working women will experience sexual harassment at some point in their careers. While some report this harassment, many leave their jobs to escape the harassing environment. This mixed-methods study examines whether sexual harassment and subsequent career disruption affect women’s careers. Using in-depth interviews and longitudinal survey data from the Youth Development Study, we examine the effect of sexual harassment for women in the early career. We find that sexual harassment increases financial stress, largely by precipitating job change, and can significantly alter women’s career attainment.

scholarly journals Licensing Requirements and Occupational Mobility Among Highly Skilled New Immigrants in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupa Banerjee ◽  
Mai Phan
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
First Job ◽  
Unique Dataset

Summary The present study compares the occupational trajectories of highly skilled immigrants in regulated occupations to those outside of the regulated occupations, from their pre-migration occupation, to their first job in Canada, and to subsequent jobs. Licensing requirements are likely to affect new immigrants’ occupational trajectories since they have a direct effect on how employers assess qualifications. This study utilizes growth curve modeling (GCM) and a unique dataset that contains detailed information on new immigrants’ experiences in Canada: the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC). Our findings indicate that immigrants working in regulated occupations prior to migration who are unable to find jobs in regulated occupations in Canada face a significantly greater drop in occupational status when they first arrive than those working in unregulated professions in their home country. Furthermore, their occupational progression over time is not faster than that of their counterparts from unregulated professions. Those who worked in unregulated fields prior to migration but found jobs in regulated fields in Canada experience an improvement in their occupational status after migration. Lastly, for those who worked in regulated professions in their home country and were able to find jobs within regulated fields in Canada, initial occupational status scores are similar to their scores in their country of origin, and there is little change in occupational status with time in Canada. The results of this study highlight the importance of ensuring that the licensing process is made easier to navigate for new immigrants. Our findings clearly indicate that immigrants who are able to successfully enter a regulated profession soon after migration fare much better in terms of occupational status than those who are unable to become licensed.

scholarly journals Economic and Cultural Drivers of Immigrant Support Worldwide

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1201-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Valentino ◽  
Stuart N. Soroka ◽  
Shanto Iyengar ◽  
Toril Aalberg ◽  
Raymond Duch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Competition Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Levels Of Support

Employing a comparative experimental design drawing on over 18,000 interviews across eleven countries on four continents, this article revisits the discussion about the economic and cultural drivers of attitudes towards immigrants in advanced democracies. Experiments manipulate the occupational status, skin tone and national origin of immigrants in short vignettes. The results are most consistent with a Sociotropic Economic Threat thesis: In all countries, higher-skilled immigrants are preferred to their lower-skilled counterparts at all levels of native socio-economic status (SES). There is little support for the Labor Market Competition hypothesis, since respondents are not more opposed to immigrants in their own SES stratum. While skin tone itself has little effect in any country, immigrants from Muslim-majority countries do elicit significantly lower levels of support, and racial animus remains a powerful force.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850: Comment

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2021-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hout ◽  
Avery M Guest
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergenerational Correlation ◽  
Structural Mobility ◽  
Over Time

We reanalyze Long and Ferrie's data. We find that the association of occupational status across generations was quite similar over time and place. Two significant differences were: (i) American farms in 1880 were far more open to men who had nonfarm backgrounds than were American farms in 1973 or British farms in either century; (ii) of the four cases, the intergenerational correlation was strongest in Britain in 1881. Structural mobility related to, among other things, economic growth and occupational differentiation, affected mobility most in 1970s America. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N33, N34)

GENERATIONAL CHANGES IN RACIAL INEQUALITY IN OCCUPATIONAL ATTAINMENT, 1950–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Generation X ◽  
White Women ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Baby Boom Generation ◽  
Blacks And Whites

AbstractThis paper analyzes age and cohort changes in the occupational attainment of Blacks and Whites born in successive decades from 1910 to 1979. Occupational attainment is operationalized as “occupational returns to education” and “earnings returns to occupation.” The primary objective is to determine whether the relative occupational attainment of Blacks of the baby-boom generation and Generation X improved over that of their great-grandparents, grandparents, and parents. The results indicate that Blacks and Whites, and men and women improved their occupational attainment levels over those of previous birth cohorts. However, neither Black men of the baby-boom generation nor those of Generation X improved their occupational attainment relative to White men of the same age and born in the same decade. Moreover, on a per capita basis, Black men’s occupational status declined for the most recent birth cohorts due in large part to joblessness starting with members of the 1940 birth cohort, which increased progressively with each successive birth cohort. On the other hand, Black women seem to have improved their occupational status relative to White women, but the improvements fluctuated over the decades. These findings are discussed in relation to possible causes and limitations of this analysis.

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