Conventional uroradiology with excretory urography: a forgotten art?

Excretory urography (EU) had been the most frequently performed imaging modality for uroradiology in the past. With the advances in Ultrasonography, and development of cross-sectional urography with Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI), EU is now seldom performed. Consequently, there has been a decline of expertise in this technique. However, EU has multiple advantages such as dynamic nature, easy availability, low cost and radiation burden. These render it potentially very valuable in specific indications like congenital anomalies, urothelial lesions and urinary leaks. This review intends to emphasize the current day relevance of excretory urography, outline the key points of the technique, and describe the pearls and pitfalls of interpretation.

Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Tomography

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2002/164252 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (5-6) ◽

pp. 313-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

A. H. Hielscher ◽

A. Y. Bluestone ◽

G. S. Abdoulaev ◽

A. D. Klose ◽

J. Lasker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Low Cost ◽

Optical Tomography ◽

Diffuse Optical Tomography ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Body Parts ◽

Reconstruction Algorithms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is emerging as a viable new biomedical imaging modality. Using near-infrared (NIR) light, this technique probes absorption as well as scattering properties of biological tissues. First commercial instruments are now available that allow users to obtain cross-sectional and volumetric views of various body parts. Currently, the main applications are brain, breast, limb, joint, and fluorescence/bioluminescence imaging. Although the spatial resolution is limited when compared with other imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or X-ray computerized tomography (CT), DOT provides access to a variety of physiological parameters that otherwise are not accessible, including sub-second imaging of hemodynamics and other fast-changing processes. Furthermore, DOT can be realized in compact, portable instrumentation that allows for bedside monitoring at relatively low cost. In this paper, we present an overview of current state-of-the -art technology, including hardware and image-reconstruction algorithms, and focus on applications in brain and joint imaging. In addition, we present recent results of work on optical tomographic imaging in small animals.

Magnetic resonance imaging template to standardize reporting of anal fistulas

Techniques in Coloproctology ◽

10.1007/s10151-020-02384-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

I. Sudoł-Szopińska ◽

G. A. Santoro ◽

M. Kołodziejczak ◽

A. Wiaczek ◽

U. Grossi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Anal Fistulas ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Radiology Reports ◽

Colorectal Surgeons ◽

AbstractAnal fistula (AF) is a common referral to colorectal surgeons. Management remains challenging and sometimes controversial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly performed in initial workup for AF. However, reports often lack key information for guiding treatment strategies. It has been shown that with structured radiology reports, there is less missing information. We present a structured MRI template report including 8 key descriptors of anal fistulas, whose effectiveness and acceptability are being assessed in a cross-sectional study (NCT04541238).

Relationship between abnormalities detected by magnetic resonance imaging and knee symptoms in early knee osteoarthritis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94382-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seiya Ota ◽

Eiji Sasaki ◽

Shizuka Sasaki ◽

Daisuke Chiba ◽

Yuka Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Radiographic Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Meniscal Lesions ◽

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and their relationship with knee symptoms in women without radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This cross-sectional cohort study included 359 Japanese women without radiographic evidence of KOA (Kellgren‒Lawrence grade < 2). All participants underwent T2-weighted fat-suppressed MRI of their knees. Structural abnormalities (cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions [BMLs], subchondral cysts, bone attrition, osteophytes, meniscal lesions, and synovitis) were scored according to the whole-organ MRI score method. Knee symptoms were evaluated using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Participants were divided into early and non-KOA groups based on early KOA classification criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between MRI abnormalities and knee symptoms. Cartilage damage was the most common abnormality (43.5%). The prevalences of cartilage damage, BMLs, subchondral cysts, bone attrition, meniscal lesions, and synovitis were higher in patients with early KOA than in those without. Synovitis (odds ratio [OR] 2.254, P = 0.002) and meniscal lesions (OR 1.479, P = 0.031) were positively associated with the presence of early KOA. Synovitis was most strongly associated with knee pain and might be a therapeutic target in patients with early KOA.

Comorbid Depressive Disorders in Epilepsy

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900004223 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (S4) ◽

pp. 3-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andres M. Kanner ◽

Andrew J. Cole

Keyword(s):

Emergency Room ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Clonic Seizure ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Abnormal Signal ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

The Right ◽

History Of Depression

A 27-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after having witnessed generalized tonic clonic seizure while asleep. Birth and development were normal. She had suffered a single febrile seizure at 13 months of age, but had no other seizure risk factors. She was otherwise well except for a history of depression for which she was taking sertraline. Depressive symptoms had been well controlled over the past 3 months, but she had been under increased stress working to finish a doctoral thesis. Neurological examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed modest asymmetry of the hippocampi, slightly smaller on the right, but no abnormal signal and well-preserved laminar anatomy. An electroencephalogram was negative. She was discharged from the emergency room with no treatment. Three weeks later, the patient's boyfriend witnessed an episode of behavioral arrest with lip smacking and swallowing automatisms lasting 45 seconds, after which the patient was confused for 20–30 minutes. The next morning she and her boyfriend kept a previously scheduled appointment with a neurologist.

Occlusal stabilization appliance: evaluation of its efficacy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572004000300015 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Elisa Emi Tanaka ◽

Emiko Saito Arita ◽

Bunji Shibayama

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Evaluation

Occlusal stabilization appliances or splints are the most widely employed method for treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most indicated imaging modality to evaluate the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Forty patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were treated with splints for a mean period of 12 months, comprising regular semimonthly follow-ups. After stabilization of the clinical status, occlusal adjustments and MRI evaluation were performed. It was concluded that the success of this kind of treatment are related to the total (70%) or partial improvement (22.5%) of painful symptomatology and to the functional reestablishment of the craniomandibular complex. The MRI allowed evaluation and also the conclusion that the splints provide conditions for the organism to develop means to resist to the temporomandibular disorders by means of elimination of several etiologic factors. Moreover, after treatment the patients are able to cope with disc displacements with larger or smaller tolerance.

Magnetic resonance imaging studies on autism and childhood-onset schizophrenia in children and adolescents – a review

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00021.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 140-147

Author(s):

Bertine Lahuis ◽

Chantal Kemner ◽

Herman Van Engeland

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medline Search ◽

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽

Study Designs

Objective:To find out whether the neurodevelopmental disorders autism and childhood-onset schizophrenia have a common developmental pathway and whether the abnormalities detected are ‘disorder-specific’, by reviewing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.Methods:As a result of a Medline search, we were able to access 28 studies on autism and 12 studies on childhood-onset schizophrenia, which focused on children and adolescents.Results:Larger lateral ventricles were found to be a common abnormality in both disorders. ‘Disorder-specific’ abnormalities in patients with autism were larger brains, a larger thalamic area, and a smaller right cingulate gyrus. Subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia were found to have smaller brains, a smaller amygdalum and thalamus, and a larger nucleus caudatus. In subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia, abnormalities appeared to progress over a limited period of time.Conclusions:Because the study designs varied so much, the results should be interpreted cautiously. Before abnormalities found in the disorders can be designated as equal or ‘disorder-specific’, it will be essential to perform large longitudinal and cross-sectional follow-up studies.

Pulley, Flexor, and Extensor Tendon Injuries of the Hand

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 203-215

Author(s):

Andrea B. Rosskopf ◽

Mihra S. Taljanovic ◽

Luca M. Sconfienza ◽

Salvatore Gitto ◽

Carlo Martinoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Imaging Modality ◽

Extensor Tendon ◽

Tendon Injuries ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

First Line ◽

A2 Pulley ◽

Dynamic Examination ◽

Line Imaging ◽

Extensor Tendon Injuries

AbstractTendon injuries represent the second most common injury of the hand (after fractures) and are a common scanning indication in radiology. Pulley injuries are very frequent in rock climbers with the A2 pulley the most commonly affected. Tendon and pulley injuries can be reliably evaluated using ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). US can be postulated as a first-line imaging modality, allowing dynamic examination. MRI is essential for cases with ongoing diagnostic doubt post-US and also for preoperative pulley reconstruction assessment.

Epileptic Seizures Induced by a Spontaneous Carotid Cavernous Fistula

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/9396014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Güner Koyuncu Çelik ◽

Erkan Yildirim

Keyword(s):

Present Report ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Digital Subtraction ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Carotid Cavernous Fistula ◽

Cavernous Fistula ◽

The Past ◽

First Case ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency department with complaints of fainting and loss of consciousness three times during the past month. She was diagnosed with epilepsy and started to be treated with antiepileptic drug. Physical examination showed, in the left eye, chemosis, limited eye movements in all directions, and minimal exophthalmos as unexisting symptoms on admission developed on the sixth day. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) imaging revealed a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF). Epileptic attacks and ophthalmic findings previously present but diagnosed during our examinations were determined to ameliorate completely after performing the coil embolization. Based on literature, we present the first case with nontraumatic CCF manifesting with epileptic seizures and intermittent eye symptoms in the present report.

Metal-Based Complexes as Pharmaceuticals for Molecular Imaging of the Liver

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12030137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia Greiser ◽

Wolfgang Weigand ◽

Martin Freesmeyer

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Metal Complexes ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Uptake Mechanisms

This article reviews the use of metal complexes as contrast agents (CA) and radiopharmaceuticals for the anatomical and functional imaging of the liver. The main focus was on two established imaging modalities: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine, the latter including scintigraphy and positron emission tomography (PET). The review provides an overview on approved pharmaceuticals like Gd-based CA and 99mTc-based radiometal complexes, and also on novel agents such as 68Ga-based PET tracers. Metal complexes are presented by their imaging modality, with subsections focusing on their structure and mode of action. Uptake mechanisms, metabolism, and specificity are presented, in context with advantages and limitations of the diagnostic application and taking into account the respective imaging technique.