scholarly journals How Do Nascent Social Entrepreneurs Respond to Rewards? A Field Experiment on Motivations in a Grant Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Ganguli ◽  
Marieke Huysentruyt ◽  
Chloé Le Coq
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

We conducted a field experiment to identify the causal effect of extrinsic reward cues on the sorting and performance of nascent social entrepreneurs. The experiment, carried out with one of the United Kingdom’s largest support agencies for social entrepreneurs, encouraged 431 nascent social entrepreneurs to submit a full application for a grant competition that provides cash and in-kind mentoring through a one-time mailing sent by the agency. The applicants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one group received a standard mailing that emphasized the intrinsic incentives of the program, or the opportunity to do good (Social treatment), and the other two groups received a mailing that instead emphasized the extrinsic incentives—either the financial reward (Cash treatment) or the in-kind reward (Support treatment). Our results show that an emphasis on extrinsic incentives has a causal impact on sorting into the applicant pool: the extrinsic reward cues led fewer candidates to apply and “crowded out” the more prosocial candidates while “crowding in” the more money-oriented ones. The extrinsic reward cues also increased application effort, which led these candidates to be more successful in receiving the grant. Yet the selection resulting from the extrinsic incentive cues led to worse performance at the end of the one-year grant period. Our results highlight the critical role of intrinsic motives in the selection and performance of social enterprises and suggest that using extrinsic incentives to promote the development of successful social enterprises may backfire in the longer run. This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.

scholarly journals IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS WITH INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES AND TRAINING THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-729
Author(s):  
Tri Mumakinah ◽  
◽  
Margono Setiawan ◽  
Dodi Wirawan Irawanto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
And Training

The research aims to find out whether there is any significant correlation between infrastructural facilities, training, and performance of agricultural extension agents, mediated by job satisfaction in the Agricultural Extension Office in Malang Raya. This research used a qualitative method. The data was collected using a questionnaire, and the technique used in taking the sample was saturation sampling. The sample comprised all agricultural extension agents who were also civil servants, who had working experience of a minimum of one year, and worked at the district-level agricultural extension office in Malang. The total respondents were 145 people. The data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) Method by employing the 3.0 SmartPLS program. The research results showed that all the hypotheses put forward were corroborated except the one dealing with infrastructural facilities. Infrastructural facilities did not have a significant effect on job satisfaction because their availability had not been considerably capitalized on in carrying out the agricultural extension. Besides, it was found that job satisfaction did not mediate the influence of infrastructure on the performance of the extension agents. Recommendations for research in the future on similar topics may use an additional comparison between the satisfaction of expert and skilled agricultural extension agents, and the research method may be developed using qualitative methods.

scholarly journals Earnings Management of Insolvent Firms and the Prediction of Corporate Defaults via Discretionary Accruals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sam Bock Park ◽  
Sung-Kyoo Kim ◽  
Sangryul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Ripple Effects ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
External Audits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Unlisted Firms

Studies on the characteristics of insolvent firms’ earnings management are critical, as the ripple effects of a firm’s opportunistic accounting and insolvency on society can be widespread and significant. This study divides a dataset of unlisted firms into four groups (large firms that have received external audits; small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that received external audits; SMES that did not receive external audits; private businesses that did not receive external audits) and analyzes whether there are differences in terms of the discretionary accruals between groups. This study also uses discrete time logit regression to determine if the use of discretionary accruals is predictive of whether unlisted firms would become insolvent. This study used several models (a modified Jones model, a Kothari model, and performance matching model by ROA group) to measure discretionary accruals, which was used as a proxy for earnings management. The results of our study showed that, in the one year prior to insolvency, discretionary accruals were largest among non-externally audited private firms, followed by those of non-externally audited SMEs, externally audited SMEs, and externally audited large firms. The discretionary accruals of non-insolvent firms were larger than those of insolvent firms from the period of one year to three years preceding insolvency, and this difference increased as insolvency approached. The discretionary accruals were shown to have the ability to predict whether or not firms would become insolvent in two to three years before the occurrence of insolvency, but they did not support prediction for one year before the occurrence of insolvency. The findings suggest that additional accounting information should be used together to predict insolvency for unlisted firms.

scholarly journals HERITAGE AND ART EDUCATION THROUGH THE SCREEN. FILLING THE SPACE BY PERFORMATIVE METHODOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra De Nicola ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Performance Research

Long before the pandemic, museums started to invest, experimenting with some performative practices (Bishop 2006; Lista 2006) as a method and tool to foster access and participation of different audiences to their heritage. Since the advent of the #culturequarantine, in which most of the educational activities have taken place through a digital space, care and attention to gesture and space have become a key to respond effectively to the needs of educators and users. After an initial phase of rejection and disorientation, teachers, educators and trainers had to find new answers. The aim of this contribution is to describe some of these answers looking at methodologies coming from the field of choreographic and performance research. The argumentation will pass through the narration of some international proposals, three action research experiences accomplished with museum educators and schoolteachers, through which it was possible to observe how the needs and requirements changed as the lockdown conditions changed. The outcome of the research, which took about one year, is the reconsideration of the body as a mediator of the educational and training experience. On the one hand we see the "body as archive" for new knowledge, on the other hand, the space of digital educational activities is reified, thanks to this new role of the body.

scholarly journals How Social Entrepreneurs’ Value Orientation Affects the Performance of Social Enterprises in Korea: The Mediating Effect of Social Entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhwan Shin ◽  
Jungkyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance

Efforts have been made to improve the performance of social enterprises through many studies on social entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurship. However, previous studies have conceptualized social entrepreneurship based on researches on commercial entrepreneurs. In addition, the scale used in the analysis of social entrepreneurship focuses primarily on behavioral aspects. Although the social and economic values pursued by social enterprises are important virtues for social entrepreneurs, research on the value orientation of social entrepreneurship is insufficient. The essence of a social enterprise is creating social value based on financial sustainability, so the concept of blended value has been recently emphasized. This study analyzed the relationships among blended value orientation, social entrepreneurship, and the performance of social enterprises. The results indicate that the blended value orientation of social entrepreneurs influenced social entrepreneurship and performance; social entrepreneurship fully mediated blended value orientation and performance. These findings suggest that it is important to focus on the blended value orientation of social entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurship in the promotion and policies of social enterprises.

Better out than in? The effect on recidivism of replacing incarceration with electronic monitoring in Norway

2019 ◽  
pp. 147737081988751
Author(s):  
Synøve N. Andersen ◽  
Kjetil Telle
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Workplace Relations ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Rate Frequency

Electronic monitoring (EM) has become a common alternative to traditional incarceration over the past few decades, yet the causal effect of EM on recidivism remains uncertain. This study exploits the gradual implementation of an EM programme in Norway between 2008 and 2011 in an instrumental variable design aimed at estimating the effect of EM on the recidivism rate, frequency and severity measured up to three years after release. Results suggest that EM reduced two-year recidivism rates by about 15 percent and the one-year recidivism frequency by approximately 0.3 offences on average. Subsample analyses indicate that the effects on recidivism rates are strongest among offenders without a prison record or recent unemployment spells and, although between-group differences are not statistically significant, this suggests that avoiding prison stigma and maintaining workplace relations can be important mechanisms whereby EM reduces recidivism and promotes desistance.

scholarly journals Business Models of Social Enterprises: Insight into Key Components and Value Creation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12750
Author(s):  
Petra C. M. Neessen ◽  
Cosmina L. Voinea ◽  
Els Dobber
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
The One

The increasing pressure on people to do something for society, in combination with the need for financial turnover in order to survive, is seen as one of the dominant factors for the rise of social enterprises. However, there is still debate on how social enterprises create social value in addition to economic value and how this is reflected in the business model. In this case study research, we investigate how the key components of the business model of social enterprises contribute to the creation of social and economic value. The cases in this research create social and economic value through the mutually interacting operation of key components and their sub-components. This interacting effect focuses on the one hand on the alignment of the internal architecture, market and financial management with the mission. The mission statement serves as a guiding principle. Furthermore, realizing the highest possible profit is not a goal in itself for social entrepreneurs. Generating profit serves the continuity of the company and the realization of social value. We also found that social enterprises can be configured as either market hybrids, blending hybrids, bridging hybrids or coupling hybrids.

Resources: Internet Resources for the Independent Medical Evaluator – 2007

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Jenny Walker
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Orbital Fracture ◽  
Orbital Wall ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Neurological Injuries ◽  
Medial Orbital Wall

Abstract Rating patients with head trauma and multiple neurological injuries can be challenging. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, Section 13.2, Criteria for Rating Impairment Due to Central Nervous System Disorders, outlines the process to rate impairment due to head trauma. This article summarizes the case of a 57-year-old male security guard who presents with headache, decreased sensation on the left cheek, loss of sense of smell, and problems with memory, among other symptoms. One year ago the patient was assaulted while on the job: his Glasgow Coma Score was 14; he had left periorbital ecchymosis and a 2.5 cm laceration over the left eyelid; a small right temporoparietal acute subdural hematoma; left inferior and medial orbital wall fractures; and, four hours after admission to the hospital, he experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This patient's impairment must include the following components: single seizure, orbital fracture, infraorbital neuropathy, anosmia, headache, and memory complaints. The article shows how the ratable impairments are combined using the Combining Impairment Ratings section. Because this patient has not experienced any seizures since the first occurrence, according to the AMA Guides he is not experiencing the “episodic neurological impairments” required for disability. Complex cases such as the one presented here highlight the need to use the criteria and estimates that are located in several sections of the AMA Guides.

Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy treatment of saphenous vein incompetence

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asciutto ◽  
Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Ulcer Healing Rate ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Ceap Classification ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background: The aim of this study is to report the short-term results of catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy (CDFS) in the treatment of axial saphenous vein incompetence. Patients and methods: Data of all patients undergoing CDFS for symptomatic primary incompetence of the great or small saphenous vein were prospectively collected. Treatment results in terms of occlusion rate and patients’ grade of satisfaction were analysed. All successfully treated patients underwent clinical and duplex follow-up examinations one year postoperatively. Results: Between September 2006 and September 2010, 357 limbs (337 patients) were treated with CDFS at our institution. Based on the CEAP classification, 64 were allocated to clinical class C3 , 128 to class C4, 102 to class C5 and 63 to class C6. Of the 188 patients who completed the one year follow up examination, 67 % had a complete and 14 % a near complete obliteration of the treated vessel. An ulcer-healing rate of 54 % was detected. 92 % of the patients were satisfied with the results of treatment. We registered six cases of thrombophlebitis and two cases of venous thromboembolism, all requiring treatment. Conclusions: The short-term results of CDFS in patients with axial vein incompetence are acceptable in terms of occlusion and complications rates.

Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Chu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

Regional household poverty and mobility analysis – a transition probability approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-302
Author(s):  
Damian Mowczan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probability ◽  
General Level ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Equivalent Unit ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Probability Matrices ◽  
General Mobility ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The main objective of this paper was to estimate and analyse transition-probability matrices for all 16 of Poland’s NUTS-2 level regions (voivodeship level). The analysis is conducted in terms of the transitions among six expenditure classes (per capita and per equivalent unit), focusing on poverty classes. The period of analysis was two years: 2015 and 2016. The basic aim was to identify both those regions in which the probability of staying in poverty was the highest and the general level of mobility among expenditure classes. The study uses a two-year panel sub-sample of unidentified unit data from the Central Statistical Office (CSO), specifically the data concerning household budget surveys. To account for differences in household size and demographic structure, the study used expenditures per capita and expenditures per equivalent unit simultaneously. To estimate the elements of the transition matrices, a classic maximum-likelihood estimator was used. The analysis used Shorrocks’ and Bartholomew’s mobility indices to assess the general mobility level and the Gini index to assess the inequality level. The results show that the one-year probability of staying in the same poverty class varies among regions and is lower for expenditures per equivalent units. The highest probabilities were identified in Podkarpackie (expenditures per capita) and Opolskie (expenditures per equivalent unit), and the lowest probabilities in Kujawsko-Pomorskie (expenditures per capita) and Małopolskie (expenditures per equivalent unit). The highest level of general mobility was noted in Małopolskie, for both categories of expenditures.

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