scholarly journals Non-medical prescribing in primary care in the United Kingdom: an overview of the current literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
Amanda Armstrong ◽  
Andrea Manfrin ◽  
Josephine Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
English Language ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Organisational Support ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Uk

Background: Non-medical prescribers (NMPs) are perceived as a complement to busy general practice in primary care. Aim: To conduct an overview of the literature available on the role and impact of non-medical prescribing (NMP) on primary care patients. Method: The search was conducted using multiple databases to find articles published between January 2015-January 2021. Inclusion criteria: NMPs in primary care in the United Kingdom, written in English language. Exclusion criteria: research conducted in secondary care or outside the UK. Findings: 285 studies were identified; 15 were eligible for critical appraisal. Key themes were: NMP's positive perceptions were autonomy, job satisfaction and colleague support; negative perceptions included risk, lack of continuous professional development (CPD), organisational support. Conclusion: By reviewing the perceptions of NMPs in primary care, organisations can ensure when employing new NMPs that the adequate CPD and support is in place. Thereby reducing NMPs concerns about the ligation risk of prescribing.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine for adults and children in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2015/16 end-of-season results

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pebody ◽  
Fiona Warburton ◽  
Joanna Ellis ◽  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Alison Potts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Uk

The United Kingdom (UK) is in the third season of introducing universal paediatric influenza vaccination with a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). The 2015/16 season in the UK was initially dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and then influenza of B/Victoria lineage, not contained in that season’s adult trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Overall adjusted end-of-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 52.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41.0–61.6) against influenza-confirmed primary care consultation, 54.5% (95% CI: 41.6–64.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 54.2% (95% CI: 33.1–68.6) against influenza B. In 2–17 year-olds, adjusted VE for LAIV was 57.6% (95% CI: 25.1 to 76.0) against any influenza, 81.4% (95% CI: 39.6–94.3) against influenza B and 41.5% (95% CI: −8.5 to 68.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These estimates demonstrate moderate to good levels of protection, particularly against influenza B in children, but relatively less against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Despite lineage mismatch in the trivalent IIV, adults younger than 65 years were still protected against influenza B. These results provide reassurance for the UK to continue its influenza immunisation programme planned for 2016/17.

scholarly journals International Comparison in Opiate Prescribing for New Users in Primary Care using Electronic Medical Record Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Tamblyn ◽  
Nadyne Girard ◽  
Bettina Habib ◽  
William Dixon ◽  
Meghna Jani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
North America ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Record Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The U.S

IntroductionThe opioid epidemic in North America has, in part, been attributed to an increase in opiate use for non-cancer pain and the prescription of more potent molecules. In contrast, the United Kingdom appears unaffected by this crisis, possibly because of differences in primary care prescribing, or health system policies. ObjectiveTo determine if there are differences in opiate prescribing for new users in primary care in the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada. ApproachElectronic health record data from Quebec, Canada (MOXXI), the United States (Partners Health Care, Boston MA), and the United Kingdom (CPRD random sample of 600,000) were used to identify new users of opiates (no prior prescription in 2 years), at least 18 years old between 2006-2016. Cancer patients were excluded after harmonizing equivalent READ and ICD9/10 codes. Generic drug names in each jurisdiction were mapped to the WHO ATC classification, and characterized using morphine milligram equivalents (MME). ResultsOverall 655,877 new users were identified, of whom 78% of 58,286 (U.S.), 88% of 6,251 (Canada), and 96% of 600,000 (UK) were non-cancer patients. Mean age of new users was 49 (SD 16) in the US, 57 (SD 16) in Canada, and 52 (SD 19) in the UK. 57.6% (UK) to 67.3% (US) of new users were women. In the UK, 86.5% of patients were started on codeine (MME:0.15), compared to 43.9% in Canada and 8.5% in the U.S. In the U.S 65.0\% were started on oxycodone (MME:1.5), and 10.9% on hydrocodone (MME:1). In Canada, tramadol (18.2%; MME: 0.1) followed by oxycodone (13.2%) were the next most commonly prescribed drugs. Conclusion/ImplicationsSubstantial differences in opioid prescribing practices for non-cancer pain were observed between the UK and Canadian and United States sites. The predilection to start patients on more potent opiates in North America may be a contributing cause to the opiate epidemic.

scholarly journals Linguistic situation in the UK as a reflection of national identity

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Identity ◽  
English Language ◽  
European Population ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the national identity problem in the United Kingdom. The problem is considered in terms of the linguistic situation in the country, in particular, by analyzing the relations between the English language and the languages of national minorities in different historical periods. The author compares the Great Britain’s language politics of the 19th century with that of the 20th - 21st centuries. Their goals were found to be completely opposite to each other. That’s why the author puts forward and attempts to justify the assumption that the reason for the linguistic situation changes in the country is the change of the national identity idea. The author argues that the growing role of supra-state structures is pushing European states toward globalization. It leads to a blurring of the national identity boundaries and to the unification of the entire European population. It is said in detail that, being unwilling to lose their national uniqueness and to intermingle with other European nations, the British turn to the culture and languages of regional people in order to broaden the concept of national identity. As a result, the English formula is replaced by the British one, in other words, by a conjunction of all national values, whose carriers reside in the United Kingdom.

British Reception of Periodicity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Woods
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
English Language ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Periodic Law ◽  
Google Books ◽  
The Uk

The discovery of periodicity in the properties of the elements and its connection to their atomic weights is one of the most important advances in nineteenth-century chemistry. This chapter will consider the tables of John Newlands (1837–1898) and William Odling (1829–1921), which preceded that of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834–1907). Mendeleev’s table was published in 1869, prior to his being aware of the UK precedents of his tabulation. The major portion of this chapter will extend the ideas advanced by Stephen Brush in The Reception of Mendeleev’s Periodic Law in America and Britain but will restrict itself to the dissemination of the periodicity concept within the United Kingdom. This will be monitored by recording its appearances in textbooks and examination papers, and in a wider context, by extracting data from Google Books. The periodic table has a rich history since its inception. It has evolved into many shapes, and indeed dimensions, yet retaining its essential periodic underpinning. In the United Kingdom it is seen as a “table,” whereas the French prefer “classification” and the Germans and Russians “system.” Mendeleev himself referred to his periodic law in his Faraday Lecture and never used the term “table,” thus it is ironic that his fame is linked to words that he appears never to have uttered. The arrangement of the elements in rows and columns is seen as a table, but why label it periodic? A related, more familiar word to non-chemists is periodical, normally referring to a magazine that appears at regular time intervals. Google Books is a powerful modern tool for investigating the usage of selected words or phrases over selected time intervals. The writer chose to use its advanced search for books in the English language. This meant that sources other than British, notably North American, are also included but the observed patterns are probably true for British books. The data compare the number of times the terms periodic table, periodic law, periodic classification, and periodic acid occurred in five-year intervals between 1870 and 1919.

scholarly journals 1481. Incidence of Pertussis in Older Adults in England and the United Kingdom: A Large, Retrospective Database Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S742-S742
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Aris ◽  
Esse Ifebi Akpo ◽  
Amit Bhavsar ◽  
Lauriane Harrington ◽  
Evie Merinopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Retrospective Database Analysis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Retrospective Database

Abstract Background Pertussis affects people of all ages and can lead to severe complications in adults, including hospitalization. Pertussis immunity, whether vaccine-induced or from natural infection, wanes over time. Therefore, despite extensive pediatric vaccination against pertussis, adults remain susceptible to the disease. Here we present the reported incidence of pertussis in people ≥ 50 years old (≥ 50yo) in England and the United Kingdom (UK). Methods We performed an observational, retrospective database analysis using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum primary care databases, and Hospital Episode Statistics database when available for English subjects (HES-Eng), 2009-2018. Occurrence of pertussis was identified by diagnostic codes recorded in primary care only for the UK subset, and primary care and/or secondary care for HES-Eng. Results In the ≥ 50yo UK population, a total of 47.1 million (m) person-years of follow-up (PYFU) including 28.5m PYFU for HES-Eng, were included. In the UK, the pertussis Incidence Rate (IR) across all years was 5.44 per 100,000 PYFU. Yearly IRs ranged from 0.79 – 11.40 per 100,000 PYFU and reflected the cyclic epidemiology of pertussis. A peak of IR was observed in 2012, known to be an outbreak year, and observed IRs were higher in 2013-2018 (4.75 – 9.73 per 100,000 PYFU) than 2009-2011 (0.79 – 1.48 per 100,000 PYFU). In the HES-Eng population, overall IR was 5.76 per 100,000 PYFU. IRs were highest in the younger age groups (HES-Eng: 8.88 in 50-54 yo; 1.42 in ≥ 85 yo) (see table 1 and 2). Table 1 Table 2 Conclusion The observed reported IR of pertussis was similar in the UK and HES-Eng populations, noting the inclusion of secondary care diagnoses in the latter. The dynamics of IRs across years are consistent with estimated IRs from Public Health England data. Considering the burden of pertussis established elsewhere in older adults, and their non-negligible contribution to the whole population incidence, strategies for the prevention of pertussis should include this age group. Disclosures Emmanuel Aris, PhD, the GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Esse Ifebi Akpo, n/a, the GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Amit Bhavsar, MBBS, MHA, the GSK group of companies (Employee) Lauriane Harrington, n/a, the GSK group of companies (Employee) Evie Merinopoulou, MSc, Evidera Ltd (Employee)the GSK group of companies (Consultant) Nicola Sawalhi-Leckenby, MSc, Evidera Ltd (Employee)the GSK group of companies (Consultant) Elisa Turriani, PhD, the GSK group of companies (Employee) Kinga Meszaros, MBA, the GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Dimitra Lambrelli, PhD, MPharm, Evidera Ltd (Employee)the GSK group of companies (Consultant) Piyali Mukherjee, MBBS, MPH, the GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder)

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

Risk Transferin Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative Procurement Documents:The Differencebetween The United Kingdom and Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nooriha Abdullah ◽  
Darinka Asenova ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Finance Initiative ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The aim of this paper is to analyse the risk transfer issue in Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative (PPP/PFI) procurement documents in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. It utilises qualitative research methods using documentation and interviews for data collection. The UK documents (guidelines and contracts) identify the risks related to this form of public procurement of services and makeexplicittheappropriateallocation of those risks between the public and the private sector PPP/PFI partners and so the types of risks each party should bear. However, in Malaysia, such allocation of risks was not mentioned in PPP/PFI guidelines. Hence, a question arises regarding whether risk transfer exists in Malaysian PPP/PFI projects, whether in contracts or by other means. This research question is the rationale for the comparative analysis ofdocumentsand practicesrelatingtorisk transfer in the PPP/PFI procurements in both countries. The results clarify risk-related issues that arise in implementing PPP/PFI procurement in Malaysia, in particular how risk is conceptualised, recognised and allocated (whether explicitly or implicitly), whether or not that allocation is intended to achieve optimum risk transfer, and so the implications forachievement ofvalue for moneyor other such objectivesinPPP/PFI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document