scholarly journals Bone Health in Relation to Vitamin-D Status and Serum Adipokines in Obese Egyptian Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379-1388
Author(s):  
Maged A. El Wakeel ◽  
Manal A. Shehata ◽  
Ghada M. El-Kassas ◽  
Hend H. Mostafa ◽  
Essam M. Galal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
The Impact

Childhood obesity has been linked to an increase in fracture risk, so the impact of obesity on bone metabolism is becoming a focus of attention to identify factors that may affect bone health in obese children. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], adipokines and bone status in obese children. This case control study was executed in the Child Health Clinic in Medical and Scientific Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre (NRC), 100 obese and 80 non-obese age- and sex-matched children were enrolled in our study with mean age of (10.12±2.34 & 9.62±1.67 years) respectively. Anthropometric measurements, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and its Z-score, bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to body weight (kg), we also determined serum 25(OH) D, adiponectin, leptin and lipid profile. HOMA-IR was calculated to assess insulin resistance. It was found that BMC and BMD Z-score adjusted for weight were significantly lower in obese children as compared to controls (all p<0.05). Obese children had lower levels of 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01), while higher levels of leptin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) compared to controls (P<0.01). Both BMC and BMD Z-score showed positive association with 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01) and negative association with HOMA-IR, TG and TC (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that 25(OH) D was the most effective factor predicting BMD Z-score and BMC in obese children. It is concluded that, obesity is negatively related to bone health in childhood. Those obese children are at increased risk for vitamin D insufficiency, which shows an obvious relationship to lower bone mass, raising the question of supplementation to prevent the deleterious effect of its deficiency on bones and reducing future risk of fracture and osteoporosis.

scholarly journals BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENETIC VARIANTS IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN WITH BETA THALASSEMIA ON VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeer A Abbassy ◽  
Reham Abdel Haleem Abo Elwafa ◽  
Omneya Magdy Omar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Egyptian Children

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a characteristic feature of Beta thalassemia major (βTM) patients. Vitamin D is important for bone mineralization. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) genetic variants may be related to vitamin D status and BMD.Objectives:  To evaluate the effect of VDR genetic variants on vitamin D levels and BMD in βTM Egyptian patients supplemented with vitamin D.Methods: This study was conducted on forty children with βTM and forty unrelated healthy sex and age-matched controls. Serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, ferritin and vitamin D were measured. VDR genetic variants (BsmI, TaqI, and FokI) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DEXA) of the lumbar spine.Results: In βTM patients, 22.5% had deficient, 50% had insufficient and only 27.5% had sufficient levels of vitamin D. BMD Z score was significantly lower in βTM patients compared to controls (p<0.001). Osteopenia and osteoporosis of lumbar spines were observed in 70% and 22.5% of βTM patients respectively. BsmI bb and FokI Ff and ff genotypic variants were significantly associated with lower vitamin D and BMD Z score. No association was observed with TaqI genotypic variants.Conclusions: We reported a high prevalence of low BMD in βTM despite vitamin D supplementation. The BsmI bb, FokI Ff and ff genotypic variants of VDR can be considered as risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis in these children. Vitamin D doses should be adjusted individually according to the genetic makeup of each patient.

scholarly journals Bone Health, Body Composition, and Vitamin D Status of Black Preadolescent Children in South Africa

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Zelda White ◽  
Samantha White ◽  
Tasneem Dalvie ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Amanda Van Zyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
African Children ◽  
South African Children

Optimal bone health is important in children to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Both body composition and vitamin D play an important role in bone health. This study aimed to describe bone health, body composition, and vitamin D status, and the relationship between these among a group of conveniently sampled black preadolescent South African children (n = 84) using a cross-sectional study. Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (n = 59) were assessed using dried blood spots. A quarter (25%) of children presented with low bone mass density for their chronological age (BMD Z-score < −2) and 7% with low BMC-for-age (BMC Z-score < −2), while only 34% of the children had sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL). Lean mass was the greatest body compositional determinant for variances observed in bone health measures. Body composition and bone health parameters were not significantly different across vitamin D status groups (p > 0.05), except for lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) (p < 0.01). No association was found between bone parameters at all sites and levels of 25(OH)D (p > 0.05). Further research, using larger representative samples of South African children including all race groups is needed before any conclusions and subsequent recommendation among this population group can be made.

scholarly journals The impact of diet, body composition, and physical activity on child bone mineral density at five years of age—findings from the ROLO Kids Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco K. McVey ◽  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Eileen C. O’Brien ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Mark T. Kilbane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD. Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.

scholarly journals Assessment of Static Plantar Pressure, Stabilometry, Vitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in Female Adolescents with Moderate Idiopathic Scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Liliana Cațan ◽  
Simona Cerbu ◽  
Elena Amaricai ◽  
Oana Suciu ◽  
Delia Ioana Horhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density

(1) Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be associated with vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia. Plantar pressure and stabilometry offer important information about posture. The objectives of our study were to compare static plantar pressure and stabilometric parameters, serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 and calcium levels, and bone mineral densitometry expressed as z-score in patients with moderate AIS and healthy subjects. (2) Methods: 32 female adolescents (idiopathic S shaped moderate scoliosis, main lumbar curve) and 32 gender and age-matched controls performed: static plantar pressure, stabilometry, serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 and calcium levels, and dual X-ray absorptiometry scans of the spine. (3) Results: In scoliosis patients, significant differences were recorded between right and left foot for total foot, first and fifth metatarsal, and heel loadings. Stabilometry showed a poorer postural control when compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Patients had significantly lower vitamin D, calcium levels, and z-scores. Lumbar Cobb angle was significantly correlated with the z-score (r = −0.39, p = 0.02), with right foot fifth metatarsal load (r = −0.35, p = 0.04), center of pressure CoPx (r = −0.42, p = 0.01), CoP displacement (r = 0.35, p = 0.04) and 90% confidence ellipse area (r = −0.38, p = 0.03). (4) Conclusions: In our study including female adolescents with idiopathic S shaped moderate scoliosis, plantar pressure and stabilometric parameters were influenced by the main scoliotic curve.

scholarly journals Influence of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Celiac Children on a Gluten-Free Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1636
Author(s):  
Teresa Nestares ◽  
Rafael Martín-Masot ◽  
Carlos de Teresa ◽  
Rocío Bonillo ◽  
José Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence

We aimed to assess the influence of the Mediterranean Diet adherence and physical activity (PA) on body composition, with a particular focus on bone health, in young patients with celiac disease (CD). The CD group (n = 59) included children with CD with a long (>18 months, n = 41) or recent (<18 months, n = 18) adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The non-celiac group (n = 40) included non-celiac children. After adjusting for potential confounders, the CD group showed lower body weight (p = 0.034), lean mass (p = 0.003), bone mineral content (p = 0.006), and bone Z-score (p = 0.036) than non-celiac children, even when the model was further adjusted for adherence to a GFD for at least 18 months. Among CD children, spending greater time in vigorous physical activity was associated with higher lean mass (p = 0.020) and bone mineral density with evidence of statistical significance (p = 0.078) regardless of the time they followed a GFD. In addition, a greater Mediterranean Diet adherence was associated with a higher bone Z-score (p = 0.020). Moreover, lean mass was strongly associated with bone mineral density and independently explained 12% of its variability (p < 0.001). These findings suggest the importance of correctly monitoring lifestyle in children with CD regarding dietary habits and PA levels to improve lean mass and, consequently, bone quality in this population.

Hypovitaminosis D in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Frequency and Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehan Elolemy ◽  
Waleed Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Nasr ◽  
Eman Baraka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Disease

Objectives: was to assess the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared to healthy controls and to evaluate its association with disease activity, structural damage and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Serum 25(OH) D in 30 AS male patients was compared to 30 matched healthy controls. AS disease activity was assessed using AS Disease Activity Score and C - reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP). Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) were used to assess the functional impairment and the spinal mobility respectively. Radiological damage was scored according to modified Stoke AS Spine Score (mSASSS) and BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D levels in AS patients were significantly lower compared to healthy controls (27.73 ± 14.27 vs. 38.46 ± 8.11ng/ml, P <0.001). Among the patients, 60% exhibited hypovitaminosis D. AS patients with hypovitaminosis D had significantly higher ASDAS-CRP (p<0.001), BASFAI (p=0.0003) and mSASSS (p=0.04) scores. Additionally, BMD and Z scores at lumbar and femoral sites were significantly reduced in the patients with hypovitaminosis D (P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with BMD (lumbar and femoral; p=0.002 and p=0.01 respectively) and Z scores (lumbar and femoral; p<0.001and p=0.01 respectively), whereas, negatively correlated with ASDAS-CRP (p<0.001), BASFI (p<0.001), mSASSS (p=0.003). ASDAS -CRP was the only significant predictor of hypovitaminosis D in AS patients. Conclusions: hypovitaminosis D is prevalent among AS patients and is associated with increased risk of active disease, impaired function, radiographic severity and bone mineral loss. Future studies with larger sample size are recommended to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on radiological progression in AS and to address whether or not vitamin D supplementation will help control active disease.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE P1 POLYMORPHISM AND ITS RELATION TO BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH BETA- THALASSEMIA MAJOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2016004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seham Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Beta Thalassemia Major ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Z Scores

Background:Osteoporosis is a major problem in beta thalassemia major (TM) patients. Increased oxidative stress and its controlling genes were linked to osteoporosis. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1),Ile105 Val variant  is a functional  mutation with  reduced ant-oxidative property  .No data are available about this variant  or its association with osteoporosis  among thalassemia patients yet. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate Ile105Val polymorphism and its possible association with bone mineral density (BMD) values in a group of TM  children. Methods:Thirty five TM patients and 30 age and sex matched healthy controls were included. Liver and renal functions, serum ferritin, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were assayed. BMD was determined by DXA with calculation of  Z-scores at lumbar spine (Ls) and femoral neck (Fn).Height for age z- score (HAZ) adjusted BMD Z-scores were considered . GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results:The relative frequency of 105 Val allele was significantly higher in TM patients than the controls (P<0.0001). Significant association between genotype subgroups and BMD parameters was detected. Mutant homozygotes had significant lower BMD , Z –score and haz -adjusted BMD  Z-score at both Ls and Fn compared to wild homozygotes ( Ps =0.029, 0.008, 0.011, 0.001,0.02, 0.001) with significant higher osteocalcin level compared to heterozygotes and wild homozygotes (P=0.012 and P=0.013,respectively). Conclusion:  The results indicated that 105Val allele was frequent among TM patients and could increase their susceptibility to osteoporosis. Large sample studies are required to confirm these findings.  

scholarly journals Longterm Antiepileptic Therapy and Bone Health: Implications for Patients with Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1, 2, 3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Admir Mehičević ◽  
Nevena Mahmutbegović ◽  
Ibrahim Omerhodžić ◽  
Enra Mehmedika Suljić
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Monotherapy Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiepileptic Agents ◽  
T Score ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>Objective. </strong>The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine (LTG) treatment on bone metabolism in epileptic patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods. </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed on normal controls (N=30) and 100 patients with symptomatic epilepsy caused by a primary brain tumor, divided into two groups according to the treatment: LTG monotherapy group (N=50) and CBZ monotherapy group (N=50). For each participant serum levels of 25-OHD and osteocalcin (OCLN) were measured, and bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>. There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of vitamin D in serum between the CBZ and LTG groups (Vitamin D CBZ 17.03±}12.86 vs. Vitamin D LTG 17.97±}9.15; F=0.171, P=0.680). There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of OCLN between the CBZ and LTG groups (OCLN CBZ 26.06±}10.87 vs. OCLN LTG 27.87±}28.45; F=0.171, P=0.674). The BMD value was lower in both groups using antiepileptic agents compared to the controls, but when comparing the CBZ group to the LTG group, a statistically significant difference was only observed for the Z score (T-score CBZ: 0.08±} 1.38 vs. T-score LTG: 0.37±} 1.02; F=1.495, P=0.224; Z score CBZ: -0.05±}1.17 vs. Z. Score CBZ: 0.38±}0.96; F=4.069, P=0.046) (Table 3).</p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. The choice of antiepileptic agents for treating seizures in patients with brain tumors should be carefully evaluated in relation to their impact on bone health. These patients could benefit from supplementation and regular measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD.

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