scholarly journals Long durations from symptom onset to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A retrospective self-report study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261169
Author(s):  
Sina Ziegler ◽  
Klara Bednasch ◽  
Sabrina Baldofski ◽  
Christine Rummel-Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Mean

Background Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common mental disorders, it takes up to 17 years for patients with OCD to receive adequate therapy. According to existing outdated literature, this study aimed to investigate the current duration between symptom onset and diagnosis and between diagnosis and the beginning of therapy separately. Methods In a cross-sectional study, N = 100 patients diagnosed with OCD undergoing treatment in a psychiatric outpatient department were assessed, using self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic and clinical variables. Based on self-reported information, the durations between age at symptom onset and age at diagnosis, and between age at diagnosis and beginning of therapy were calculated. To investigate associated factors, two subgroups of patients, one with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis < 7 years, and another with a long duration between symptom onset and diagnosis ≥ 7 years, respectively, were compared. Results and conclusion Patients reported first symptoms of OCD at a mean age of 18.72 years. The mean duration between age at symptom onset and age at diagnosis was 12.78 years and the mean duration between age at diagnosis and the beginning of therapy was 1.45 years. Subgroup comparison indicated that patients with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis were significantly younger than patients with a long duration. However, patients with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis were at an older age when they reported first symptoms of OCD. Further, they showed less severe symptoms of OCD, higher functioning levels, and less self-stigmatization than patients with a long duration. It can be concluded that the duration until patients with OCD are diagnosed correctly and receive adequate treatment is still very long. Therefore, the duration between symptom onset and diagnosis should be shortened. Further, the duration between diagnosis and the beginning of therapy could be a good additional approach to reduce the overall duration of untreated disorder.

scholarly journals Specialised in-patient treatment for severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M. Drummond ◽  
Anusha Pillay ◽  
Peter Kolb ◽  
Shashi Rani
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Mean

Aims and MethodA naturalistic study was conducted to examine the outcome on self-report and observer-rated measures in patients with severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) admitted to a specialised in-patient unit.ResultsTwenty-six patients were admitted over the study period. The mean age of all patients was 37 years (s.d.=13.8, range 18–61 years) and they had a mean duration of OCD of 18.4 years (s.d.=10.9, range 4–40 years). Instruments measuring severity demonstrated a 37–67% reduction in obsessive–compulsive symptoms and a 64% reduction in depressive symptoms after an average of almost 15 weeks in hospital.Clinical ImplicationsThis study demonstrates that specialised in-patient care can benefit a small group of severely ill patients with OCD who fail to respond to treatment in primary and secondary care.

Initial Data on Recollections of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Coles ◽  
Casey A. Schofield ◽  
Jacob A. Nota
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs

Background: Despite literature establishing a relationship between maladaptive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there are few studies addressing how these beliefs develop. Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) proposed specific domains of childhood experiences leading to heightened beliefs regarding responsibility. Prior studies in students and individuals who just completed treatment for OCD have found support for this theory. However, we are not aware of published data from individuals with current OCD. Aims: This paper presents initial data from adults currently meeting criteria for OCD as well as both anxious and non-anxious controls. Method: Recollections of childhood experiences, current OCD-related beliefs, and OCD symptoms were assessed using self-report measures in 39 individuals seeking treatment for OCD, 36 anxious controls and 39 healthy controls. Results: Initial data suggested that in individuals with OCD, increased reports of childhood exposure to overprotection and experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune were associated with stronger OCD-related beliefs. Further, compared to community controls, individuals with OCD reported more childhood experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune, though they did not differ from anxious controls in childhood responsibility experiences. Conclusions: These initial findings provide minimal support for the proposed model of the development of inflated responsibility beliefs, and highlight the need for research examining the etiology of OCD related beliefs with updated models, larger samples, and ultimately using prospective methods.

scholarly journals Genetic meta‐analysis of obsessive–compulsive disorder and self‐report compulsive symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. A. Smit ◽  
Danielle Cath ◽  
Nuno R. Zilhão ◽  
Hill F. Ip ◽  
Damiaan Denys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Effectiveness of group-based cognitive–behavioural therapy in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Kearns ◽  
Yvonne Tone ◽  
Gavin Rush ◽  
James V. Lucey
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Mean

Aims and methodTo establish whether cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) with response and exposure prevention (ERP) is effective in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty-four patients with OCD, divided into four groups, participated in ten sessions of group CBT. All patients completed the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) pre- and post-treatment.ResultsThe mean (s.d.) YBOC score post-treatment was 17.1 (5.8). This was significantly lower than the mean (s.d.) YBOC pre-treatment (24.7 (6.1); t = 8.4, d.f. = 23, P < 0.005). A significant reduction was also observed in relation to all other rating scales.Clinical implicationsCognitive–behavioural therapy for OCD delivered in a group setting is a clinically effective and acceptable treatment for patients. The use of group-based CBT is an effective means to improve access to psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Basal Ganglia MR Relaxometry in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: T2 Depends Upon Age of Symptom Onset

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Correia ◽  
Emily Hubbard ◽  
Jason Hassenstab ◽  
Agustin Yip ◽  
Josef Vymazal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mr Relaxometry

Is Age at Symptom Onset Associated With Severity of Memory Impairment in Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Henin ◽  
Cary R. Savage ◽  
Scott L. Rauch ◽  
Thilo Deckersbach ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Intolerance of Uncertainty in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Jacoby ◽  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Behavioral Methods ◽  
Cognitive Construct

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a key cognitive construct in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Whereas most individuals feel “certain-enough” that situations are relatively safe, those with OCD who have elevated IU have difficulty managing the feeling of not knowing “for sure” whether a feared outcome may occur. As a result, they engage in compulsive rituals (e.g., checking, reassurance seeking) with the aim of restoring a sense of certainty. Given the pervasiveness of uncertainty in daily life, these doubts and rituals can lead to heightened daily distress for individuals with OCD. Accordingly, the present chapter reviews the following: (a) a comprehensive definition of IU, (b) the conceptualization of IU as important in the development and maintenance of OCD across various symptom presentations, (c) the measurement of IU using both self-report and behavioral methods, and (d) recommendations for the consideration of IU in OCD treatment.

Magical Thinking in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie West ◽  
Paul Willner
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Magical thinking (MT), which has historically been associated with psychotic disorders, has more recently been found to be a central cognitive construct in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) that is associated with a poor prognosis (Einstein and Menzies, 2008). Although MT has been found to distinguish OCD from Panic Disorder (PD) (Einstein and Menzies, 2006), little is known about its role in other anxiety disorders. Aims: This study aimed to compare whether elevated levels of magical thinking could distinguish individuals with OCD from non-anxious controls and individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Method: The Magical Ideation Scale (MIS, Eckblad and Chapman, 1983) was used to compare levels of magical thinking in groups of individuals with OCD (n = 40), GAD (n = 15), and a normal control group (n = 19). Results: As expected, the mean MIS score of the OCD group was significantly higher than that of the non-clinical group. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between the mean MIS scores of the OCD and GAD group. However, the results of correlational analyses suggest that it may have differing roles in these disorders. Conclusions: Although elevated MT is evident in individuals with OCD, it may not be specific to OCD and may also be prominent in GAD. Further research is recommended to elucidate the exact role of this construct in these disorders.

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