Extraction, Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activity of
Essential Oils of Root of Dryopteris marginalis

The aim of the study was to characterize the chemical constituents and determine antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and three different extracts of Dryopteris marginalis. The root had essential oil yield of 0.36 % (w/w) in which 12 organic compounds representing 97.22% of the root oils were identified. Tyranton was found as the most abundant component with 77.571 % of the total concentration in the essential oil. The zones of inhibition of different organic extracts against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 6.5-15 mm. Pseudomonas was the most vulnerable with MICs of 15.62 μg/mL by both ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract producing 3.8 mm zone of inhibition. The essential oils extracted from roots of Dryopteris marginalis showed maximum 85.29 % inhibition of radical scavenging at 2 mg/mL concentration. Among all root extracts, methanol extract exhibited 41.11 % inhibition at 2 mg/mL concentration.

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Chemical variability and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata and the roots of Carthamus caeruleus and their synergistic effect in combination

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200606213057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Imane Rihab Mami ◽

Noria Merad-Boussalah ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Food ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Ammoides Verticillata

Aim and Objective: Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of many disease. Some of appropriate actions that could be initiated to taken to resolve the problem of these diseases are search for new antioxidant substances isolated from plants. The aims of this study were to study the intraspecies variations of A. verticillata and C. caeruleus essential oils from 8 locations using statistical analysis, the in vitro antioxidant properties of collective essential oils and in combinations. Materials and Methods: The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The intraspecies variations of the essential oil compositions were discussed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The antioxidant properties were evaluated DPPH-radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: The main components of Ammoides verticillata collective essential oil (Coll EO) were thymol (30.5%), carvacrol (23.2%), p-cymene (13.1%), limonene (12.5%) and terpinene-4-ol (12.3%). While roots of Carthamus caeruleus essential oil were dominated by carline oxide (86.2%). The chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main Groups for both Coll EOs. A direct correlation between the altitudes, climate and the chemical compositions was evidenced. Ammoides verticulata and Carthamus caeruleus Coll Eos showed good antioxidant activity. In binary mixture, the interaction both Coll Eos and between oils rich of thymol and/or carvacrol with carlina oxide produced the best synergistic effects, compared to individual essential oils and the synthetic antioxidant (BHT). Conclusion: Ammoides verticillata and Carthamus caeruleus essential oil blends can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical antioxidants.

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil and Extracts of Saurauia lantsangensis Hu Root

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2012-5-607 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 67 (5-6) ◽

pp. 282-290

Author(s):

Liang Zhu ◽

Si-ming Zhu ◽

Ying-juan Tian

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Hansenula Anomala ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Reducing Power Assay ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and n-hexane (HEE), chloroform (CHE), ethyl acetate (EAE), and methanol (MEE) extracts, respectively, from the root of Saurauia lantsangensis Hu were investigated. The GC-MS analysis revealed 39 compounds representing 96.41% of the oil containing T-muurolol (13.85%), acetophenone (7.46%), α-cadinol (6.26%), methyl palmitate (5.36%), n-hexadecanoic acid (4.31%), torreyol (3.69%), and isospathulenol (3.48%) as major components. Antioxidant activities determined by three various testing systems, i. e. DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and reducing power assay, increased in the order: HEE < CHE < oil < MEE < EAE. CHE, EAE, MEE and oil exhibited a promising antimicrobial effect determined as the diameter of zones of inhibition (13.3 - 16.2, 16.5 - 20.4, 13.5 - 16.6, and 16.5 - 22.7 mm), respectively, along with their respective MIC values (500 - 1000, 125 - 500, 250 - 500, and 250 - 500 μg/ml) against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), and a yeast (Hansenula anomala).

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Antibacterial and Antioxidant activities of Indonesian ginger (jahe emprit) essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation

Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia ◽

10.14203/jkti.v20i2.401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 90-96

Author(s):

Nurul Azizah ◽

Euis Filaila ◽

Salahuddin Salahuddin ◽

Egi Agustian ◽

Anny Sulaswatty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Antibacterial Assay ◽

Free Radical Scavenging Assay

The rhizome of ginger is commonly used as a spice, food, beverage as well as medicine. Plant essential oils including from ginger have been widely used for food preservation, pharmaceutical and alternative medicines. Currently there are growing interest of consumer for natural sources such as essential oils for natural antibacterial and antioxidant. Jahe emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) is one of Indonesian ginger variety used to obtain ginger essential oil. The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of solvent to feed (SF) ratio in hydrodistillation process on yield, chemicals content, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ginger essential oils from jahe emprit. SF ratio used in this study is 0.7: 1, 1.7: 1, 2.7: 1. Chemicals content was conducted using GCMS analysis. Antibacterial assay was conducted using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant assay was conducted using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The results show that the highest essential oil yield was obtained from SF ratio 1.7:1 which gave yield of 3.7%. GCMS analysis shows that camphene was always the major compound present in those 3 SF ratio, although the amount present was differed. Besides, 4 other major compounds present were varied. Antibacterial assay using 1% concentration showed ginger oil obtained from SF 0.7:1 and 2.7:1 have the same activities for S. aureus, whereas SF ratio 1.7:1 has the lowest activities. However for E. coli, all SF ratio gave same results. For antioxidant activities at 1000 ppm concentration, the highest activity was obtained from SF ratio 2.7:1

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Essential Oil Extracted from Cymbopogon citronella Leaves by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/8192439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hong Wu ◽

Jilie Li ◽

Yuan Jia ◽

Zhihong Xiao ◽

Peiwang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Essential Oil Yield

To improve essential oil quality, especially to reserve the thermal instability of compounds, supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE) was applied to recover essential oil from Cymbopogon citronella leaves. A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction process. The highest essential oil yield was predicted at extraction time 120 min, extraction pressure 25 MPa, extraction temperature 35°C, and CO2 flow 18 L/h for the SFE processing. Under these experimental conditions, the mean essential oil yield is 4.40%. In addition, the chemical compositions of SFE were compared with those obtained by hydrodistillation extraction (HD). There were 41 compounds obtained of SFE, while 35 compounds of HD. Alcohols and aldehydes were the main compositions in the essential oils. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities and antimicrobial of essential oils obtained by HD and the evaluated condition of SFE were compared. Results showed that the antioxidant activities of SFE oil are better than those of HD. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microdilution method. Essential oil obtained from SFE and HD exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. It is confirmed that the SFE method can be an alternative processing method to extract essential oils from Cymbopogon citronella leaves.

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Variability of Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Ruta chalepensis Leaf Essential Oils from Three Palestinian Regions

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/2672689 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nidal Jaradat ◽

Lina Adwan ◽

Shadi K’aibni ◽

Abdel Naser Zaid ◽

Munqez J. Y. Shtaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Ruta Chalepensis

Introduction. Interest in essential oils was recently revived with their popularity increasing in medicine, pharmacy, and aromatherapy. This study was performed to identify the chemical compositions of the essential oil of Ruta chalepensis growing wildly in three regions in Palestine and to assess and compare their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods. Identification of the essential oil was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, while antioxidant activity was analyzed by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Results. The essential oils of R. chalepensis from Jerusalem and Hebron regions have almost identical components; the major compounds identified were linalyl acetate and β-linalool; these essential oils exerted potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities. On the other hand, the major components of the plant essential oil from Jenin region were 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone, which exhibited potential antifungal activity. Conclusions. The phytoconstituents and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of R. chalepensis from different regions in Palestine were established in this study. The obtained results indicate possible applications for R. chalepensis in the treatment of various infectious and noninfectious diseases.

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Antioxidant Activities of a New Chemotype of Piper cubeba L. Fruit Essential Oil (Methyleugenol/Eugenol): In Silico Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1534

Author(s):

Fahad Alminderej ◽

Sana Bakari ◽

Tariq I. Almundarij ◽

Mejdi Snoussi ◽

Kaïss Aouadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Important Species ◽

Antioxidant Power

Piper cubeba L. fruit is an important species used in folk medicine for different types of pains such as rheumatism, chills, flu, colds, muscular aches, and fever. This study examines the chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential inhibitory effect against human peroxiredoxin 5, a key enzyme of P. cubeba essential oil from fruits. Using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the principal components were methyleugenol (41.31%) and eugenol (33.95%), followed by (E)-caryophyllene (5.65%), p-cymene-8-ol (3.50%), 1,8-cineole (2.94%), and α-terpinolene (1.41%). Results showed similar scavenging activity via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 110.00 ± 0.08 μg/mL), as well as very potent antioxidant activity against both ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) (106.00 ± 0.11 μg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching (IC50 = 315.00 ± 2.08 μg/mL) assays when compared to positive butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. The molecular docking approach has also been performed to screen the antioxidant activities of the major and potent compounds against human protein target peroxiredoxin 5. Results showed good binding profiles and attributed the strongest inhibitory activity to β-caryophyllene oxide (–5.8 kcal/mol), followed respectively by isocembrol and α-selinene (–5.4 kcal/mol), and viridiflorol (–5.1 kcal/mol). Furthermore, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)-related physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties have been assessed and support our in vitro findings. This work demonstrates the powerful antioxidant potency of cubeba pepper and paves the way for the discovery and development of antioxidant agent with high potency.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effect of Cupressus sempervirens Essential Oils and Methanolic Extract on Beta-lactamase producing Isolates

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00812 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4673-4679

Author(s):

Haitham Qaralleh ◽

Khaled M Khleifat ◽

Ali M Khlaifat ◽

Muhamad Al-limoun ◽

Nafe M Al-Tawarah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Cupressus Sempervirens ◽

Antioxidant Efficiency

The Jordanian endemic medicinal plant, Cupressus sempervirens was obtained from Dhana Natural Reserve, Al-Tafilah, Jordan to investigate its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The procuring of essential oil was made by processing of dry leaves of C. sempervirens using steam-distillation method giving 0.26% (w/w) yield. The analysis of obtained EO for its chemical constituents, was achieved by GC-MS. The equivalent of 94.02% of the entire EO has been extracted and consists of twenty-two compounds. The characterization of EO was made by their presence of three groups of chemical compounds namely Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (71.0%), Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (11.5%) and Monoterpenes hydrocarbons (10.6%). The major constituent was germacrene-D (14.2%) along with the d-cadinene (11.0%), ß-pinene (10.0%) and isocedrol (9.8%). This conferring a chemotaxonomic value as well as a higher degree of polymorphism in the occurrence of these compounds in C. sempervirens as compared with the same species in different location worldwide. The efficiency of methanol extract and essential oil as antibacterial was evaluated against nine bacteria, using disc diffusion and MIC methods. Results showed that the methanol extract at 2000µg/disc of C. sempervirens caused the growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and producing inhibition zone ranges between 12-15mm. The MIC values recorded by essential oils of C. sempervirens were as follow: S. epidermidis and S. aureus (370µg/mL), Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes (1000µg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000µg/mL) and M. luteus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi (3000µg/mL). In the present study, C. sempervirens extract exerted antioxidant efficiency with an IC50 value of 27.31µg/mL.

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Studies on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Kitaibelia vitifolia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800530 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pavle Mašković ◽

Marija Radojković ◽

Mihailo Ristić ◽

Slavica Solujić

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Metal Chelating

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the essential oil of Kitaibelia vitifolia Willd. in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of K. vitifolia isolated by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus were assessed. GC/FID and GC/MS analyses were used to determine the major components of the essential oil as sclareoloxide ( cis A/B) 17.9%, sclaral 10.9%, labda-7,13,14-triene 10.6% and sclareol 9.5%. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against the bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, P. mirabilis ATCC 14153, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633; and fungal strains: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. Antimicrobial activity was tested using a broth dilution procedure for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The essential oil of K. vitifolia showed strong antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were evaluated using the DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and metal chelating assays. The results for antioxidant activity were compared with control antioxidants, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, α-tocopherol and BHT. Results showed that the essential oil possesses antioxidant activity, with total antioxidant capacity of 95.4±0.7 μg AA/g and IC50 values of 5.45±1.45 μg/mL for DPPH free radical scavenging activity, 26.5±1.6 μg/mL for inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation, 79.4±0.4 μg/mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and 39.9±0.7 μg/mL for metal chelating activity.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don (African Star Apple)

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/9911713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Daniel Nartey ◽

Joseph Nana Gyesi ◽

Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

The volatile compounds of the fruit and leaf essential oils of the African star fruit, Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don, were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in this study. The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of the essential oils were also investigated. Thirty-five and thirty-four compounds, representing 97.84% and 97.87%, were identified in the leaf and fruit essential oils, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was evaluated in vitro against eight pathogens using the broth microdilution method. The fruit essential oil exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in the antimicrobial susceptibility test, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.195 to 6.250 mg/mL, while the leaf essential oils showed antimicrobial activity with MICs in the range of 6.875–13.750 mg/mL. The antibiofilm activity was assessed via the crystal violet staining assay, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the model organism. The concentrations of the leaf and fruit essential oil required for half-maximal inhibition of biofilm formation (BIC50) were 6.97 ± 0.56 and 4.78 ± 0.21 mg/mL, respectively. In evaluating antioxidant activity, the total antioxidant capacity obtained from the phosphomolybdenum assay was 104.8 ± 2.4 and 101.6 ± 0.8 μg/g AAE for leaf and fruit essential oils, respectively. The IC50 values obtained from the hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays were 301.8 ± 0.7 and 669.2 ± 2.1 μg/mL, 1048.0 ± 0.3 and 1454.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL, and 460.1 ± 2.7 and 457.4 ± 0.3 μg/mL for both leaf and fruit essential oils, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest that the leaf and fruit essential oil of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don could find potential use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries as preservative and pharmaceutical agents.

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Composition of essential oil and antioxidant activity of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk), Ethiopia

10.31221/osf.io/w7h8j ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Catha Edulis

In this study, we determined the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from two different varieties of khat (Catha edulis Forsk) cultivated in Ethiopia. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger type apparatus, identifications of compounds were made by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventy seven different compounds were identified from essential oils of the two different khat cultivars. The essential oils in the samples from Bahir Dar and Wendo were composed of 50 and 34 compounds, respectively. The major compound identified in khat essentials oils include: limonene, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, 1-hydroxy,1-phenyl-2-propanone, camphor, (sulfurous acid)-2-propylundecyl ester, hexadecane, O-mentha-1(7), 8-dien-3-ol, heptadecane, 10-methylnonadecane, (phthalic acid)-isobutyl octadecyl ester, and tritetracontane. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the oils were assessed by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay. The scavenging activities of the oils were 23.5-23.6 μg AAE/kg of fresh khat sample.

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