Energy Level and Chemical Class of Disperse Dyes—Plausible Characteristics of Level Dyeing Performance

The level dyeing index (LDI) is a measure of dye performance influenced by the dye migration process, ensuring the maximum uniformity of dye redistribution onto the fabric surface. The current study evaluates the level dyeing performance on polyester according to the energy level (low and high) and chemical classes (azo and anthraquinone based) of the three disperse dyes studied. The best levelness was obtained using C.I. Disperse Red 73 (an azo-based, low-energy level disperse dye), which exhibited the highest migration index (MI%) value. LDI results were obtained from the ratio of the exhaustion at the critical dyeing temperature (ECDT% and the final exhaustion Ef%), and the migration index (MI%). Each dye's LDI can be used to determine the compatibility of disperse dyes for combination dyeing.

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Effect of Water Repellent Agent on Migration of Disperse Dyes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.289 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 441 ◽

pp. 289-293

Author(s):

Min Xu ◽

Jian Zhong Shao ◽

Jian Hua Xu ◽

Bing Li

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Color Difference ◽

Disperse Dyes ◽

Water Repellent ◽

Disperse Dye ◽

Migration Process ◽

Effect Of Water

In order to investigate the diffusion of disperse dye between substrates and hydrophobic auxiliaries, two different kinds and dosages of water repellent agents were applied to conventional and microdenier polyester by measuring their K/S value, color difference (△E) and extracted absorbance. The results illustrated that irrespective of the kind or of the dosage of water repellent agents, dye migration increased upon the employment of water repellent, and heat treatment will accelerate the dye migration process.

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A 0.19-V minimum input low energy level shifter for extremely low-voltage VLSIs

2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) ◽

10.1109/iscas.2015.7169305 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ryo Matsuzuka ◽

Tetsuya Hirose ◽

Yuzuru Shizuku ◽

Nobutaka Kuroki ◽

Masahiro Numa

Keyword(s):

Energy Level ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Low Energy ◽

Level Shifter

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Infinitely many periodic orbits in non-exact oscillating magnetic fields on surfaces with genus at least two for almost every low energy level

Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations ◽

10.1007/s00526-015-0834-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 1525-1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Luca Asselle ◽

Gabriele Benedetti

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Energy Level ◽

Periodic Orbits ◽

Low Energy

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Control of Dietary Energy Level and dl-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate Treatment Can Improve the Lipid Composition of Lamb Meat

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.73.3.171 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 171-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Salvatori ◽

Maiorano ◽

Pantaleo ◽

Brienza ◽

Filetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Energy Level ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Low Energy ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Lamb Meat ◽

Total Fat

A diet rich in saturated fatty acids promotes plasmatic cholesterol levels and coronary disease in humans, whereas a high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces atheromatous plaque thickness. This study aimed at establishing a dietary energy level, which combined with intramuscular vitamin E treatment, would improve the nutritional lipid quality and shelf-life of lamb meat. Twenty male lambs were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment: they were fed a low- and normal-energy diet (0.85 and 1.00 UFV NE/kg DM, respectively), and were injected intramuscularly with 0 and 150 IU dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/weekly for eight weeks. Thereafter, total fat, cholesterol, fatty acid profile, and lipostability were measured in meat samples. Meat total fat was significantly reduced by low energy intake diet and vitamin E administration. Cholesterol was significantly lower in meat from lambs fed the 0.85 UFV NE/kg DM diet. Vitamin E treatment increased linoleic acid percent values and decreased myristic acid levels. Moreover, linoleic acid percentage was inversely correlated with muscle total fat concentration. Meat sensitivity to lipoperoxidation was inversely correlated with muscle vitamin E concentration. This study demonstrates that nutritional characteristics and shelf-life of meat benefit from a low-energy diet and intramuscular vitamin E treatment.

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An Ultra-Low Voltage and Low-Energy Level Shifter in 28-nm UTBB-FDSOI

IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs ◽

10.1109/tcsii.2018.2871637 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 899-903

Author(s):

Ali Asghar Vatanjou ◽

Trond Ytterdal ◽

Snorre Aunet

Keyword(s):

Energy Level ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Low Energy ◽

Level Shifter ◽

28 Nm

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Synthesis of azo disperse dyes containing pyridine ring for dyeing polyester and polyacrylic fibres

Pigment & Resin Technology ◽

10.1108/prt-01-2015-0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A.A. Fadda ◽

N.S. Abbas

Keyword(s):

Pyridine Ring ◽

Cycloaddition Reaction ◽

Disperse Dyes ◽

Ethyl Vinyl Ether ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Ethyl Vinyl ◽

Content Type ◽

Dyeing Performance ◽

Azo Disperse Dyes ◽

Derivatives Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the synthesis of new azo disperse dyes containing pyridine ring for dyeing acetate polyester and other fibres. Design/methodology/approach – Cycloaddition reaction of 3-formylchromone (Compound 1) with ethyl vinyl ether (Compound 2) afforded 3-ethoxy-4,4a-dihyro-3H,10H-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-10-one (Compound 3). Reaction of 3 with aqueous ammonium sulphite in ethanol furnishes 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)pyridine (Compound 5). Compound 5 was fully characterised by spectroscopic techniques. Ten arylazo derivatives of Compound 6 have been prepared for use as dyestuffs. The effect of the nature and orientation of substituents in the diazonium component on the colour of azo dyes is discussed. Dyeing performance of the dyes on different fibres has also been assessed. Findings – Most of the dyes showed good affinity to polyester fibres. On the other hand, polyacrylic fibres were only stained to weak shades. Originality/value – No details regarding the synthesis and dyeing performance of such dyes are reported before in the literature.

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