Chemical profile of manually extracted andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis Aubl., Meliaceae) from Mamangal community, located in Igarapé-Miri, Pará, Brazil

Carapa guianensis species belongs to the Meliaceae family and, in the Brazilian Amazon, it has great importance in folk medicine, mainly because the oil extracted from its seeds presents varied biological activities. Thus, the present work aimed to analyze, by gas phase chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the chemical composition of manually extracted andiroba oil, from Mamangal community, located in Igarapé-Miri, Pará, Brazil. As results, 99.63% of the constituents of the oil sample were identified and quantified from which the main components were oleic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids. The manual oil extraction from andiroba seeds in the Mamangal community is sustainable and economically viable. Due to the high content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids C. guianensis oil can be considered interesting useful for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Indeed, the unsaturated fatty acids represented 57.5% of the oil constituents, among which the essential ones stand out, as they have great applicability in healing drugs formulation.

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Primary metabolism components of seeds from Brazilian Amazon tree species

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202002000200009 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

José Francisco de C. Gonçalves ◽

Andreia V. Fernandes ◽

Antonio Fernando M. Oliveira ◽

Lílian F. Rodrigues ◽

Ricardo A. Marenco

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Tree Species ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Primary Metabolism ◽

Main Components ◽

Oleic And Linoleic Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Compositions

The contents of the main components of the primary metabolism (soluble sugars, starch, proteins, oils, fatty acids) and minerals (P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) were characterized in seeds of five Brazilian Amazon tree species (Andira parviflora, Bertholletia excelsa, Helicostylis tomentosa, Hymenaea parviflora, and Parkia pendula). Soluble sugar contents were high in P. pendula seeds (14 %), whereas starch predominated in A. parviflora seeds (58.7 %). A. parviflora and H. parviflora seeds were rich in proteins (35.1 % and 32.4 %, respectively). The oil contents ranged from 1.4 % in A. parviflora to 70.7 % in B. excelsa. Only B. excelsa and P. pendula seeds may be considered oilseeds, with 70.7 % and 28.4 % oil, respectively. The fatty acid compositions showed high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic acids, regardless of the species. B. excelsa and P. pendula also showed high amounts of P, Mg, K and Zn.

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An Alternative Approach for the Synthesis of Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4275

Author(s):

Tobias Sitz ◽

Hendrik Domey ◽

Judith Fischer ◽

Sascha Rohn

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Model Studies ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Increasing Demand

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is a glycolipid ubiquitously found in photosynthetically active organisms. It has attracted much attention in recent years due to its biological activities. Similarly, the increasing demand for vegan and functional foods has led to a growing interest in micronutrients such as sulfolipids and their physiological influence on human health. To study this influence, reference materials are needed for developing new analytical methods and providing enough material for model studies on the biological activity. However, the availability of these materials is limited by the difficulty to isolate and purify sulfolipids from natural sources and the unavailability of chemical standards on the market. Consequently, an alternative synthetic route for the comprehensive preparation of sulfolipids was established. Here, the synthesis of a sulfolipid with two identical saturated fatty acids is described exemplarily. The method opens possibilities for the preparation of a diverse range of interesting derivatives with different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

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Acai Extract Transiently Upregulates Erythropoietin by Inducing a Renal Hypoxic Condition in Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuichi Shibuya ◽

Toshihiko Toda ◽

Yusuke Ozawa ◽

Mario Jose Villegas Yata ◽

Takahiko Shimizu

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Single Injection ◽

Hypoxic Condition ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart. Palmae, Arecaceae) is a palm plant native to the Brazilian Amazon. It contains many nutrients, such as polyphenols, iron, vitamin E, and unsaturated fatty acids, so in recent years, many of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of acai have been reported. However, the effects of acai on hematopoiesis have not been investigated yet. In the present study, we administered acai extract to mice and evaluated its hematopoietic effects. Acai treatment significantly increased the erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit contents compared to controls for four days. Then, we examined the hematopoietic-related markers following a single injection. Acai administration significantly increased the levels of the hematopoietic-related hormone erythropoietin in blood compared to controls and also transiently upregulated the gene expression of Epo in the kidney. Furthermore, in the mice treated with acai extract, the kidneys were positively stained with the hypoxic probe pimonidazole in comparison to the controls. These results demonstrated that acai increases the erythropoietin expression via hypoxic action in the kidney. Acai can be expected to improve motility through hematopoiesis.

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Characterization and Biological Activities of Seed Oil Extracted from Berberis dasystachya Maxim. by the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Method

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25081836 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1836

Author(s):

Lijuan Han ◽

Qingqing Han ◽

Yongjing Yang ◽

Honglun Wang ◽

ShuLin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Supercritical Carbon

Characterization of the structure and pharmacological activity of Berberis dasystachya Maxim., a traditional Tibetan medicinal and edible fruit, has not yet been reported. In this study, central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction conditions of B. dasystachya oil (BDSO) using the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction method, and the results were compared with those obtained by the petroleum ether extraction (PEE) method. The chemical characteristics of BDSO were analyzed, and its antioxidant activity and in vitro cellular viability were studied by DPPH, ABTS, reducing power assay, and MTT assay. The results showed that the maximum yield of 12.54 ± 0.56 g/100 g was obtained at the optimal extraction conditions, which were: pressure, 25.00 MPa; temperature 59.03 °C; and CO2 flow rate, 2.25 SL/min. The Gas chromatography (GC) analysis results showed that BDSO extracted by the SC-CO2 method had higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids (85.62%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (57.90%) than that extracted by the PEE method. The gas chromatography used in conjunction with ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) results showed that the main volatile compounds in BDSO were aldehydes and esters. BDSO also exhibited antioxidant ability in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, normal and cancer cells incubated with BDSO had survival rates of more than 85%, which indicates that BDSO is not cytotoxic. Based on these results, the BDSO extracted by the SC-CO2 method could potentially be used in other applications, e.g., those that involve using berries of B. dasystachya.

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Acai Extract Increases the Red Blood Cell Population via Erythropoietin Upregulation in Mice

10.20944/preprints202001.0214.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shuichi Shibuya ◽

Toshihiko Toda ◽

Yusuke Ozawa ◽

Takahiko Shimizu

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Single Injection ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart. Palmae, Arecaceae) is a palm plant native to the Brazilian Amazon. It contains many nutrients, such as polyphenols, iron, vitamin E, and unsaturated fatty acids, so in recent years, many of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of acai have been reported. However, the effects of acai on hematopoiesis have not been investigated yet. In the present study, we administered acai extract to mice and evaluated its hematopoietic effects. Acai treatment significantly increased the erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit contents compared to controls for four days. We then examined the hematopoietic-related markers following a single injection. Acai administration significantly increased the levels of the hematopoietic-related hormone erythropoietin in blood compared to controls and also significantly upregulated the gene expression of Epo in the kidney. Furthermore, in the mice treated with acai extract, the kidneys were positively stained with the hypoxic probe pimonidazole in comparison to the controls. These results demonstrated that acai increases the number of blood cells through an increased erythropoietin expression via hypoxic action in the kidney. Acai can be expected to improve motility through hematopoiesis.

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Components of Walnut Kernel (Juglans regia L.) in China

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2021/9302181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Shuxiang Geng ◽

Delu Ning ◽

Ting Ma ◽

Haiyun Chen ◽

Yinzhi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

High Performance ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Main Components ◽

Insight Into

The contents of main components in 45 walnut kernels from 5 walnut-planting provinces in China (Yunnan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, and Sichuan) were determined using colorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography, including flavonoids, vitamin E, trace elements, fatty acids, and amino acids. The levels of flavonoids and vitamin E were higher in walnuts from Yunnan than in walnuts from the other four provinces. The levels of zinc and iron were relatively higher in walnuts from Shandong, and the calcium content in walnuts from Yunnan was much lower. No obvious difference was found in crude fat concentration for nuts from the five provinces, but differences were observed in the crude protein content. Oleic acid was the predominant unsaturated fatty acids in all walnut species; the monounsaturated fatty acid content was the highest in walnuts from Yunnan. The data obtained here provided insight into differences in walnuts resulting from different growing environments and germplasm genetic traits.

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CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN CHINA AND IRAN WITH CONSIDERING BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND ITS HEALTH BENEFITS

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.46909/cerce-2020-009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 105-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. SUN ◽

M. H. SHAHRAJABIAN ◽

M. KHOSHKHARAM ◽

H. SHEN ◽

Q. CHENG

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Cattle Feed ◽

Important Health ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Cotton (Gossypium L.) is one of the most important commercial crops and it is famous as white gold. Cotton has a diversity of applications, principally medicinal and many other usages, such as pigments, derivatives for cattle feed, different uses of the oil extracts and etc. Cottonseed oil has a ration of 2:1 of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids and generally consists of 65-70% unsaturated fatty acids, including 18-24% monounsaturated (oleic) and 42-52% polyunsaturated (linoleic), and 26-35% saturated (palmitic and stearic). The most important health benefits of cotton is treat respiratory diseases, treat skin problems, treat wounds, beneficial for breastfeeding mothers, a good cure for rat bite, an appropriate cure for scorpion bite, for joint and eye pains, for swollen legs, for removing bacteria in teeth, and alternative medicine for various diseases such as cancer, HIV and etc. Cotton seed oil mostly extracted from Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum, that are also grown for cotton fiber and animal feed. Gossypol is one of the most effective ingredients, both in traditional pharmaceutical practices and alternative modern medicinal preparations. It is a toxic polyphenolic bisesquiterpene, which may have antifertility and antiviral properties. The obtained findings suggest potential of cotton as a natural resource in pharmaceutical industries.

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The use of tris (tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate) of praseodymium chemical shift reagent in proton NMR for the evaluation of the argan oil fatty acids autoxidation and the analysis of the argan pulp fatty acids

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.13171/mjc8219042706sh ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 115-131

Author(s):

Souad Hamdouch ◽

Latifa Barkaoui ◽

Merriem Tarbaoui ◽

Amine Ouaket

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Shift ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Proton Nmr ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Shift Reagent ◽

Complex Molecules ◽

Nmr Method ◽

Molecular Investigation ◽

The One

Proton NMR is a method of molecular investigation that has its limitations when applied to complex molecules or molecules with many nearly equivalent sites. Previous studies have resorted to the use of paramagnetic chemical shift reagents, having as formula tris (tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate) of lanthanides ln((tpip.)3. The use of reagent Pr(tpip)3 in proton RMN has allowed us to evaluate the autoxidation of fatty acids mixture (stored 6 and 12 months after oil extraction) by the dosage of saturated and unsaturated acids on the one hand, and that of oleic and linoleic acids on the other. We note between 6 and 12 months of storage at 4°C a decrease in the percentage of unsaturated acids (76% to 63%) and an increase in the percentage of saturated acids (24% to 36%). The results show that the oleic acid maintained the same percentage (35%) as it is not easily oxidized whereas, for the linoleic acid, we observe a decrease in percentage from 22.5% to 18.5% (slow autoxidation at 4°C). We also used this NMR method for the analysis of the argan pulp fatty part. The GC analysis shows that it contains very few unsaturated fatty acids and that the main fatty acids are myristic (C14:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. The proton NMR with Pr(tpip)3 allowed us to confirm these results. This method that does not require derivation has proven to be interesting, simple and efficient.

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Identification of circRNA-Associated-ceRNA Networks Involved in Milk Fat Metabolism under Heat Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21114162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 4162

Author(s):

Dongyang Wang ◽

Zujing Chen ◽

Xiaona Zhuang ◽

Junyi Luo ◽

Ting Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Milk Quality

Summer temperatures are generally high in Southern China, and cows are likely to suffer a heat stress reaction. Heat stress will have a negative impact on the performance of dairy cows; however, the mechanism by which high temperature affects lactation is not clear. CircRNA is a type of non-coding RNA discovered in recent years, which performs a crucial function in many biological activities. However, the effects of circRNA on lactation function of dairy cows under heat stress is unknown. The present study aimed to explore the expression levels of circRNA in the mammary gland tissue of cows under heat stress. Firstly, we collected blood and milk samples of summer and winter cows and evaluated lactation performance using serum indicators, milk production, and milk composition. Incorporating the calculation of the temperature and humidity index, we conformed the heat stress status of cows in summer. Heat stress increased the concentration of HSP70 and decreased the concentration of SOD and PRL. Heat stress not only reduced milk yield but also affected milk quality, with milk lactose and milk protein decreasing with increased temperature. The analysis of the fatty acid composition in summer milk found significantly reduced concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, especially long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. Sequencing of the cow’s mammary gland transcriptome revealed that compared to the appropriate temperature (ST) group, the heat stress (HS) group had a total of 2204 upregulated and 3501 downregulated transcripts. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes were mainly related to milk fat metabolism. In addition, 19 upregulated and 19 downregulated circRNA candidates were found in response to heat stress. We used Pearson’s test to establish the correlation of circRNA-mRNA and identified four pairs of circRNA-miRNA networks between four circRNAs, six miRNAs, and the CD36 gene. In this study, we revealed the possible role of circRNAs in lactation of dairy cows and identified that circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks might exist in the cow’s mammary glands, providing valuable experience for dairy lactation and milk quality.

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An overview of dietary supplements on obesity and type 2 diabetes: efficacy and mechanisms

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200222666210406110450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohong Liu ◽

Xin Zeng ◽

Wen Liu ◽

Yanrong Lu ◽

Jingqiu Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Dietary Therapy ◽

Β Cell ◽

Bioactive Ingredients

: Obesity is a common nutritional disorder, associated with a variety of chronic diseases, among them, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has emerged as a serious worldwide health problem. Insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction are the main pathological characteristics of T2DM, and obesity and hyperlipidemia are the critical causal factors. It is commonly accepted that dietary factors are of paramount importance in the management of obesity and T2DM. Particularly, many botanic products and their extracts are endowed with a wide spectrum of biological activities, making them extensively studied as anti-obesity and anti-diabetes dietary supplements or new drug candidates. In this review, we aimed to summarize the effects, related mechanisms, and safety issues of dietary continents on obesity and T2DM, to provide theoretical support for better research and development of dietary therapy strategy for the treatment of obesity and T2DM. Based on a bunch of clinical investigations, specific carbohydrates and fatty acids, such as dietary fibers, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Vitamin D plays important role in metabolism and immunity modulation. Apart from them, natural bioactive ingredients from plants, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and quinones are efficient in helping weight loss and improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. They can protect β cell function by anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis properties, as well as regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, promoting the consumption of diverse natural bioactive ingredients-rich products could be an effective nutritional strategy to benefit patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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