scholarly journals The Roots of America’s Anti-Asian Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (827) ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Hate crimes against Asian Americans have risen sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. A historical perspective shows that Asians have faced intertwined racial and gender-based biases in the United States since the first anti-immigration backlashes against their presence in the nineteenth century.

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE AUDITOR'S ROLE: THE EARLY EXPERlENCE OF THE AMERICAN RAILROADS

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Boockholdt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Audit Independence ◽  
Inherent Part

The paper explores the origins of the auditing profession in the United States. It is suggested that the development of the audit function in this country can be traced to reporting by internal and shareholder auditors in the American railroads during the middle of the nineteenth century. Evidence is presented that a recognition of the need for audit independence existed, and that the provision of advisory services and reports on internal control by American auditors have been an inherent part of the auditor's role from that time.

scholarly journals "Can you HEAR my FEAR?" A Korean immigrant with hearing loss reflects on surviving the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Young Hong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Korean Immigrant

This paper presents the perception and associated experiences of a Korean hard-of-hearing immigrant special education researcher as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded. These experiences include the rise of hate crimes against Asian Americans; increasing evidence that face coverings are a vital public health tool; the knowledge that face coverings can increase the risk of racist violence; and difficulty communicating with people who are wearing most face coverings due to being hard-of-hearing. It provides supportive resources, strategies, and hope for educators, disability rights advocates, and families of individuals who are Deaf or hard-of-hearing, promoting public awareness and embrace of difference.

Questing for Justice on Twitter: Topic Modeling of #StopAsianHate Discourses in the Wake of Atlanta Shooting

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110578
Author(s):  
Claire Seungeun Lee ◽  
Ahnlee Jang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Structural Topic Modeling

On March 16, 2021, a shooting in Atlanta killed eight people, six were women of Asian descent. This creates a new atmosphere online and offline to discuss hate crimes, racism, and violence against Asian Americans in the United States. The current research utilizes structural topic modeling and text mining to explore how the 2021 Atlanta shooting ignited debates and public discourse on the #StopAsianHate-related conversations on Twitter. The study analyzes the first 7 days of the shooting to explore the temporal patterns and emergent topics of Twitter discourses. Findings show that salient topics and temporal patterns differ from day to day, but topics such as “stand with AAPI community” and “stop racism” are prevalent throughout the 7-day period. This study discusses social media’s role in shaping and reporting public discourses, that is, how digital justice is exercised, and offers social and policy implications. There can be implications for social media’s role in shaping and reporting public discourses on social phenomena with digital justice.

Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Asian Americans in the United States: Experiences of Violence, Discrimination, and Family Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110567
Author(s):  
Justin E. Lerner ◽  
Jane J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The U.S

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) Asian Americans in the U.S. have multiple stigmatized identities, yet their experiences of violence and discrimination are not well understood. We utilized the 2015 United States Trans Survey, the largest survey to date with U.S. TGD people, to study the experiences of TGD Asian Americans. Our study included 699 TGD Asian Americans who experienced violence and discrimination in the form of unequal treatment, verbal harassment, and physical attack. We assessed how experiences differed by sociodemographic characteristics, including birthplace, income, age, education, disability, gender identity, and region. We also explored how family support was associated with experiences of violence in the sample. Bivariate analyses and multivariable regressions were used to understand how sociodemographic variables and family support are linked to experiences of violence and discrimination. Results indicated that income, age, disability, gender identity, and family support are significantly associated with violence and discrimination. As TGD Asian Americans currently experience high levels of violence and discrimination due to transphobia and a rapidly rising anti-Asian bias stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to better understand factors that may increase vulnerability and identify how family support can mitigate those experiences are imperative.

Gender-Based Violence Against Transgender People in the United States: A Call for Research and Programming

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Wirtz ◽  
Tonia C. Poteat ◽  
Mannat Malik ◽  
Nancy Glass
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Gender-based violence (GBV) is an umbrella term for any harm that is perpetrated against a person’s will and that results from power inequalities based on gender roles. Most global estimates of GBV implicitly refer only to the experiences of cisgender, heterosexually identified women, which often comes at the exclusion of transgender and gender nonconforming (trans) populations. Those who perpetrate violence against trans populations often target gender nonconformity, gender expression or identity, and perceived sexual orientation and thus these forms of violence should be considered within broader discussions of GBV. Nascent epidemiologic research suggests a high burden of GBV among trans populations, with an estimated prevalence that ranges from 7% to 89% among trans populations and subpopulations. Further, 165 trans persons have been reported murdered in the United States between 2008 and 2016. GBV is associated with multiple poor health outcomes and has been broadly posited as a component of syndemics, a term used to describe an interaction of diseases with underlying social forces, concomitant with limited prevention and response programs. The interaction of social stigma, inadequate laws, and punitive policies as well as a lack of effective GBV programs limits access to and use of GBV prevention and response programs among trans populations. This commentary summarizes the current body of research on GBV among trans populations and highlights areas for future research, intervention, and policy.

P. R. and Municipal Reform

1943 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
F.A. Hermens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
City Government ◽  
Political Machines ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Historical Basis

Treatises on political machines in the United States too often suffer from a lack of historical perspective. Machine government is due to factors peculiar to certain periods in American history, and it is doomed to disappear when its historical basis disintegrates. Since the details of this matter have been discussed previously, let us only review the important phases of the struggle for reform. Between the Civil War and the 1890s political machines—some of which had begun to develop early in the Nineteenth Century—reached the peak of their power; these were “the dark ages of city government”. During the 1890s the reform forces began to wrestle with the “bosses” on even terms; they developed organizations and adopted techniques which helped them to overcome the isolation and the haphazard character of their early efforts. During the 1920s and the 1930s the victories of reform became accentuated; resounding defeats of individual machines recurred, and it looked like the beginning of a rout of the institution. To mention but a few: the Cox-Hynicka machine in Cincinnati fell in 1924; the Maschke machine in Cleveland received blows in the 1920s to which it finally succumbed in the 1930s; in New York, Tammany went down in 1933, and whereas the five reform administrations which New York had witnessed since 1871 all enjoyed only one two-year term each, La Guardia was elected to three four-year terms in succession.

Inter-sibling violence as a mechanism of hegemony: retrospective accounts from a non-binary and LGBTQ+ sample in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Martinez ◽  
Courtney McDonald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Sibling Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

Gender-based violence refers to the violence that gendered individuals, typically women and girls, experience due to patriarchal systems of inequality which position woman and girls as objects of discipline and control. One patriarchal system, the nuclear family, is particularly prone to gender inequality and thus violence. This article engages in a theory-building exercise to explain the gendering of violence as it occurs within inter-sibling relationships. More specifically, it posits that inter-sibling violence serves as a mechanism of heteromasculine hegemony. The authors analysed the retrospective accounts of 31 non-binary and LGBTQ+ individuals’ experiences with inter-sibling violence, focusing on gender within the family in the United States. Data suggest that women and non-binary assigned female at birth (AFAB) individuals are at greater risk for inter-sibling violence than men, although those assigned male at birth (AMAB) may also be at risk if they exhibit subordinate masculinities in childhood. The study highlights how gender-based violence permeates throughout family relationships, including those between siblings.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Gender-based violence extends into sibling relationships.</li><br /><li>Experiences with inter-sibling violence differ in important ways for transgender and gender non-binary individuals.</li><br /><li>Inter-sibling violence is a gender-based violence and serves as a mechanism of hegemony.</li></ul>

Masculinity Threat, “Incel” Traits, and Violent Fantasies Among Heterosexual Men in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-298
Author(s):  
Maria N. Scaptura ◽  
Kaitlin M. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Masculinity Threat ◽  
Social Liberalism ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Shed Light

The current study aims to shed light on how masculinity threat and challenges from women translate into fantasies of mass and gender-based violence. These attitudes are evident among some self-proclaimed “incels,” who blame social liberalism, feminism, and sexually active men for their rejection from women. We developed a measure of “incel” traits, which was administered in an online self-report survey of 18- to 30-year-old heterosexual men in the United States. As hypothesized, stress in one’s inability to live up to norms of masculinity and endorsement of “incel” traits are associated with violent fantasies about rape and using powerful weapons against enemies.

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