“It's a Struggle, It's a Journey, It's a Mountain That You Gotta Climb”

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Alicia Griffin ◽  
Molly Wiant Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Black Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Access to education is one of the only or most realistic means in the United States to improving one's opportunities and agency over a lifetime. That so many Black men are severed from this opportunity, early and often, is distressing at best and deadly at worst. Addressing this systemic issue, this essay centrally positions Black male voices to narrate their educational experiences at the intersections of race and gender. Guided by critical race theory coupled with Black misandry, this essay positions “gendered racism” as a communicative phenomena that can be further understood through qualitative narratives that speak to intersectional identities, power, oppression, and resistance. Drawing from the analysis of five focus group discussions, we highlight three subcategories that surfaced in relation to stereotypes including: (a) Omnipresence of Stereotype Threat, (b) Everyday Struggles with Stereotypes, and (c) Negotiating Stereotypes and Stereotype Threat. Each of these is presented by shifting Black male voices from the margins of inquiry to the center in the hopes that their insightful and instructive reflections will be taken into serious account.

Against “Transracialism”: Revisiting the Debate

Hypatia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-735
Author(s):  
Jana Cattien
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Variable Definition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of

This article critically reflects on some of the themes and assumptions at stake in the “transracialism” controversy, and connects them to important works in critical race theory: namely Rey Chow's notion of “coercive mimeticism” and Sara Ahmed's critique of white liberal multiculturalism. It argues that the analytic account of “race” that Tuvel draws upon in her article—Sally Haslanger's—is politically problematic, both on its own terms and in light of broader reflections on racialized and gendered power relations. In particular, I critique Haslanger's assumption that all racial identities exist on the same conceptual plane: that a single variable definition of “race” can be applied to any particular racialized group—including white and nonwhite racial identities. This erases racialized power relations, especially where, in liberal “multicultural” nations, whiteness constitutes the implied standard against which an appearance of “racial difference” is conjured. Finally, I extend my argument to the issue of treating “race” and gender analogously. Rejecting this move, I propose an alternative way of conceptualizing these as analytically distinct, yet constitutively interdependent, phenomena. In order to situate the debate historically, I consider an example of “racial transgression” from twentieth‐century China.

Introduction: Centering Intersectionality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Johanna Bond
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

Intersectionality theory posits that aspects of identity, such as race and gender, are mutually constitutive and intersect to create unique experiences of discrimination and subordination. Perpetrators of sexual violence in armed conflict, for example, often target women on the basis of both gender and ethnicity. When human rights actors intervene on behalf of those harmed by sexual violence in armed conflict, they must understand the intersectional complexity of those violations. Global Intersectionality and Contemporary Human Rights examines the influence of intersectionality theory on human rights law in the modern era and its evolution as a theoretical framework in the United States and around the world. This volume draws on feminist theory, critical race theory, and human rights jurisprudence to argue that scholars and activists have underutilized intersectionality theory in the global discourse of human rights. This chapter introduces readers to the book’s argument that the United Nations and other human rights organizations must do more to actively embrace intersectionality as an analytical framework for the promotion of human rights around the world.

scholarly journals Critical race theory and black feminist insights into “race” and gender equality

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1129
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Rankin-Wright ◽  
Kevin Hylton ◽  
Leanne Norman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Who can Profit from Dance? An Exploration of Copyright Ownership

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Mathilde Pavis ◽  
Charlotte Waelde ◽  
Sarah Whatley
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Copyright Ownership ◽  
And Gender

Focusing on UK copyright law, this article explores ownership of the dance by reference to the work of disabled dance artists. Our attention is on this group because their position within the dance workforce has always been precarious and so perhaps have most to gain through greater recognition of authorship in their work. Through an examination of the law as it applies to two different projects featuring Caroline Bowditch, we suggest that, contrary to the views of some, the performers are either authors of the copyright in the arrangement of the dance on their bodies, or joint authors in the work of dance. This is important because the author is the first owner of copyright in a dance; income from exploitation generally flows to the owner. With the rise of social media there may be yet further opportunities for exploiting dance. Starting from a doctrinal legal perspective, and bringing together dance and law to explore the vexed questions of cultural value, audience literacy and commercial exploitation, we hope to bring attention to the labour of disabled dance artists and the different ways in which all dancers can assert the rights to their work. In taking this approach this contribution differs from recent scholarship on dance and law, most notably works by Anthea Kraut, Choreographing Copyright: Race, Gender, and Intellectual Property Rights in American Dance (Oxford University Press, 2015) and Caroline Picart, Critical Race Theory and Copyright in American Dance: Whiteness as Status Property (Springer 2013). These analyses examine dance and American copyright law through race and gender lenses. Reading across the contributions would suggest that the time is ripe for a truly interdisciplinary project in which experts from law, dance and, disability studies come together to deepen and extend our knowledge and understanding of this area.

Developing a materialist anti-racist approach to language activism

Multilingua ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Flores
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Language Activism

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a materialist anti-racist approach to language activism. This approach combines Joshua Fishman’s pioneering work on language activism with critical race theory and the recent materialist turn in applied linguistics. A materialist anti-racist approach to language activism, positions language policy within broader efforts to dismantle racial and economic inequities. Using the case study of bilingual education programs in the United States, this paper points to the importance of accounting for the various non-linguistic factors that play a role both in terms of access to education as well as the experiences of students. It is noted that a failure to account for these non-linguistics factors, may lead bilingual education programs to inadvertently contribute to the marginalization of minoritized communities.

Race and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timnit Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Technical Solutions

This chapter discusses the role of race and gender in artificial intelligence (AI). The rapid permeation of AI into society has not been accompanied by a thorough investigation of the sociopolitical issues that cause certain groups of people to be harmed rather than advantaged by it. For instance, recent studies have shown that commercial automated facial analysis systems have much higher error rates for dark-skinned women, while having minimal errors on light-skinned men. Moreover, a 2016 ProPublica investigation uncovered that machine learning–based tools that assess crime recidivism rates in the United States are biased against African Americans. Other studies show that natural language–processing tools trained on news articles exhibit societal biases. While many technical solutions have been proposed to alleviate bias in machine learning systems, a holistic and multifaceted approach must be taken. This includes standardization bodies determining what types of systems can be used in which scenarios, making sure that automated decision tools are created by people from diverse backgrounds, and understanding the historical and political factors that disadvantage certain groups who are subjected to these tools.

scholarly journals Tax Progressivity of Personal Wages and Income Inequality

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Tax Progressivity ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Kakwani Index ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Wage Income

The paper examines tax progressivity and income inequality using Census Bureau Current Population Survey (CPS) personal income data. The Kakwani index is used to derive tax progressivity for All, Male, Female, White and African American personal wage income of CPS respondents, respectively. The tax progressivity results show a tax system that is partly progressive and mostly regressive. Due to its regressive nature, the tax system did not display tax progressivity for the entire period under analysis for personal wage income respondents as well as when broken-down by race and gender in the United States for years 1996 to 2011.

scholarly journals I’m Every Woman: Advancing the Intersectional Leadership of Black Women School Leaders as Anti-Racist Praxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
April L. Peters ◽  
Angel Miles Nash
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Leadership Framework ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Resisting Oppression ◽  
Epistemological Basis

The rallying, clarion call to #SayHerName has prompted the United States to intentionally include the lives, voices, struggles, and contributions of Black women and countless others of her ilk who have suffered and strived in the midst of anti-Black racism. To advance a leadership framework that is rooted in the historicity of brilliance embodied in Black women’s educational leadership, and their proclivity for resisting oppression, we expand on intersectional leadership. We develop this expansion along three dimensions of research centering Black women’s leadership: the historical foundation of Black women’s leadership in schools and communities, the epistemological basis of Black women’s racialized and gendered experiences, and the ontological characterization of Black women’s expertise in resisting anti-Black racism in educational settings. We conclude with a four tenet articulation detailing how intersectional leadership: (a) is explicitly anti-racist; (b) is explicitly anti-sexist; (c) explicitly acknowledges the multiplicative influences of marginalization centering race and gender, and across planes of identity; and (d) explicitly leverages authority to serve and protect historically underserved communities.

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