scholarly journals Verification of the Internal Structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 in a Brazilian Community Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Francisco Carvalho ◽  
André Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
Juliana Araújo Almeida ◽  
Fernanda Mello Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Best Fit

The internal structure is investigated in mental health measures, exploring or confirming the association of stimuli composing the test and whether this structure is consistent with expectation. Our focus is on the internal structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (idcp-2), a self-report test for pathological traits measurement. Previous studies have only partially verified the internal structure of idcp-2. The objective of this study is to verify the internal structure of idcp-2, contemplating in the same analysis all its dimensions and factors. Participants were 2,000 people from the general population. We conducted confirmatory (cfa) and exploratory (efa) factorial analyzes, including bifactor models. The results showed the bifactor model with 12 specific factors with best fit indices. The internal consistency for the general factor was above .90, and from .40 to .91 for the specific factors. Findings suggested the original solution of idcp-2 is reasonable using a bifactor model. How to cite this article: Carvalho, L.F., Gonçalves, A.P., Araujo, J.A., Macedo F.M. (2021). Verification of the internal structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 in a Brazilian community sample. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 30(2), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v30n2.83530

scholarly journals Structural Validity of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 Adapted for U.S. Undergraduates

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Kia-Keating ◽  
Unkyung No ◽  
Stephanie Moore ◽  
Michael J. Furlong ◽  
Sabrina Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
General Distress ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Best Fit

Effective self-report screening tools for emerging adults are understudied. The present study examined the latent structure of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) with U.S. undergraduates. Data were collected from 1,413 undergraduates surveyed online. Three models were tested: (a) a one-factor model, (b) the original correlated three-factor model, and (c) a bifactor model that included a general negative affectivity factor and three specific factors of depression, anxiety, and stress. The bifactor model with three specific orthogonal factors yielded the best fit. All items loaded onto the general negative affectivity factor. This study provides an important evaluation of alternative models of the latent structure of the DASS among U.S. undergraduates, with results supporting it as an assessment of general distress for emerging adults.

scholarly journals Application of S-1 Bifactor Model to Evaluate the Structural Validity of TMMS-24

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7427
Author(s):  
Daniel Ondé ◽  
Jesús M. Alvarado ◽  
Santiago Sastre ◽  
Carolina M. Azañedo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Specific Factors

(1) Background: Recent studies have shown that the internal structure of TMMS-24 can be conceptualized as a bifactor. However, these studies, based exclusively on the evaluation of the fit of the model, fail to show the existence of a general factor of strong emotional intelligence and have neglected the evaluation of the specific factors of attention, clarity and repair. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the degree of determination and reliability of the specific factors of TMMS-24 using a bifactor S-1 model. (2) Methods: We administered TMMS-24 to a sample of 384 students from middle and high schools (58.1% girls; mean age = 15.5; SD = 1.8). (3) Results: The specific TMMS-24 factors are better determined and present a higher internal consistency than the general factor. Furthermore, the bifactor S-1 model shows the existence of a hierarchical relationship between the attention factor and the clarity and repair factors. The S-1 bifactor model is the only one that was shown to be invariant as a function of the sex of the participants. (4) Conclusions: The S-1 bifactor model has proven to be a promising tool for capturing the structural complexity of TMMS-24. Its application indicates that it is not advisable to use the sum score of the items, since it would be contaminated by the attention factor. In addition, this score would not be invariant either, that is, comparisons by sex would be invalid.

scholarly journals Decoupling Personality and Acute Psychiatric Symptoms in a Depressed Sample and a Community Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
Jennifer L. Tackett ◽  
Amanda A. Uliaszek ◽  
Paul A. Pilkonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Specific Factors

The association between depression and neuroticism is complex; however, because of the difficulty in assessing neuroticism during mood episodes, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. In this study, we sought to decompose neuroticism into finer grained elements that were uncorrelated with psychiatric symptoms and examine the incremental validity of those elements in explaining deficits in interpersonal functioning. A bifactor model with one general factor and six specific factors fit the data well in both a depressed ( N = 807) and a community ( N = 1,284) sample, and the specific factors were relatively independent of acute symptoms. Moreover, two specific factors (Angry Hostility and Self-Consciousness) accounted for incremental variance in interpersonal functioning problems in the community sample and a subgroup of depressed participants. The results demonstrate that neuroticism can be decomposed into components that are distinct from symptoms and incrementally associated with deficits in interpersonal functioning.

scholarly journals Modeling General, Specific, and Method Variance in Personality Measures: Results for ZKA-PQ and NEO-PI-R

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Abad ◽  
Miguel A. Sorrel ◽  
Luis Francisco Garcia ◽  
Anton Aluja
Keyword(s):  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Method Factor ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Using Data

Contemporary models of personality assume a hierarchical structure in which broader traits contain narrower traits. Individual differences in response styles also constitute a source of score variance. In this study, the bifactor model is applied to separate these sources of variance for personality subscores. The procedure is illustrated using data for two personality inventories—NEO Personality Inventory–Revised and Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire. The inclusion of the acquiescence method factor generally improved the fit to acceptable levels for the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire, but not for the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised. This effect was higher in subscales where the number of direct and reverse items is not balanced. Loadings on the specific factors were usually smaller than the loadings on the general factor. In some cases, part of the variance was due to domains being different from the main one. This information is of particular interest to researchers as they can identify which subscale scores have more potential to increase predictive validity.

scholarly journals Riskier Tests of the Validity of Bifactor Models of Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Watts ◽  
Holly Poore ◽  
Irwin Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Bifactor Models ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Psychopathology Symptom ◽  
Using Data ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Additional Variance

We advanced several “riskier tests” of the validity of bifactor models of psychopathology, which included that the general and specific factors should be reliable and well-represented by their indicators, and that including a general factor should improve the correlated factor model’s external validity. We compared bifactor and correlated factors models using data from a community sample of youth (N=2498) whose parents provided ratings on psychopathology and external criteria (i.e., temperament, aggression, antisociality). Bifactor models tended to yield either general or specific factors that were unstable and difficult to interpret. The general factor appeared to reflect a differentially-weighted amalgam of psychopathology rather than a liability for psychopathology broadly construed. With rare exceptions, bifactor models did not explain additional variance in psychopathology symptom dimensions or external criteria compared with correlated factors models. Together, our findings call into question the validity of bifactor models of psychopathology, and the p-factor more broadly.

scholarly journals Negative Problems Orientation Questionnaire for Chinese Adolescents: Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Xiao ◽  
Rongmao Lin ◽  
Qiaoling Wu ◽  
Saili Shen ◽  
Youwei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Problem Orientation ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Negative Problem Orientation

The Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ) is a widely used tool for assessing negative problem orientation (NPO). However, its construct and measurement invariance has not been adequately tested in adolescents. The present study explored the possible construct of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance in a sample of 754 Chinese adolescents (51.6% girls, all 12–18 years old). The results supported a bifactor model of the NPOQ that consists of a general factor NPO and three domain-specific factors including perceived threat, self-inefficacy, and negative outcome expectancy. A multiple-group CFA indicated that the bifactor model showed strict invariance across gender and age. The general and domain factors showed unique variance in indexes of worry, depression, anxiety, and stress, which supported well incremental validity of them. This study confirms for a bifactor conceptualization of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance across gender and age in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, it is recommended that the total score should be used to assess NPO in Chinese adolescents.

Higher-Order and Bifactor Models of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lac ◽  
Candice D. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

The Drinking Motives Questionnaire, previously postulated and documented to exhibit a measurement structure of four correlated factors (social, enhancement, conformity, and coping), is a widely administered assessment of reasons for consuming alcohol. In the current study ( N = 552), confirmatory factor analyses tested the plausibility of several theoretically relevant factor structures. Fit indices corroborated the original four-factor model, and also supported a higher-order factor model involving a superordinate motives factor that explicated four subordinate factors. A bifactor model that permitted items to double load on valence type (positive or negative reinforcement) and source type (external or internal) generated mixed results, suggesting that this 2 × 2 motivation paradigm was not entirely tenable. Optimal fit was obtained for a bifactor model depicting a general factor and four specific factors of motives. Latent factors derived from this structure exhibited criterion validity in predicting frequency and quantity of alcohol usage in a structural equation model. Findings are interpreted in the context of theoretical implications of the instrument, alternative factor structures of drinking motives, and assessment applications.

The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30: An Examination of a Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance Among Men and Women in a Community Sample

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Fergus ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30 (MCQ-30) is a self-report measure that assesses metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about thinking). Prior research has supported a correlated five-factor model, but no known published study has examined the tenability of second-order or bifactor models of the MCQ-30. Results supported a bifactor model of the MCQ-30 in a sample of community adults from the United States ( N = 785), as well as separately among men ( n = 372) and women ( n = 413). Multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis supported the configural and metric/scalar invariance of the bifactor model among men and women. Results further supported the incremental validity of one of the MCQ-30 domain-specific factors in accounting for unique variance in an index of health anxiety beyond the general metacognition factor. Results provide support for a bifactor conceptualization of the MCQ-30 and the invariance of that model across men and women.

scholarly journals Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Keller ◽  
Inken Kirschbaum-Lesch ◽  
Joana Straub
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Specific Factors

The revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is one of the most frequently applied questionnaires not only in adults, but also in adolescents. To date, attempts to identify a replicable factor structure of the BDI-II have mainly been undertaken in adult populations. Moreover, most of the studies which included minors and were split by gender lacked confirmatory factor analyses and were generally conducted in healthy adolescents. The present study therefore aimed to determine the goodness of fit of various factor models proposed in the literature in an adolescent clinical sample, to evaluate alternative solutions for the factor structure and to explore potential gender differences in factor loadings. The focus was on testing bifactor models and subsequently on calculating bifactor statistical indices to help clarify whether a uni- or a multidimensional construct is more appropriate, and on testing the best-fitting factor model for measurement invariance according to gender. The sample comprised 835 adolescent girls and boys aged 13–18 years in out- and inpatient setting. Several factor models proposed in the literature provided a good fit when applied to the adolescent clinical sample, and differences in goodness of fit were small. Exploratory factor analyses were used to develop and test a bifactor model that consisted of a general factor and two specific factors, termed cognitive and somatic. The bifactor model confirmed the existence of a strong general factor on which all items load, and the bifactor statistical indices suggest that the BDI-II should be seen as a unidimensional scale. Concerning measurement invariance across gender, there were differences in loadings on item 21 (Loss of interest in sex) on the general factor and on items 1 (Sadness), 4 (Loss of pleasure), and 9 (Suicidal Thoughts) on the specific factors. Thus, partial measurement invariance can be assumed and differences are negligible. It can be concluded that the total score of the BDI-II can be used to measure depression severity in adolescent clinical samples.

scholarly journals On top or underneath: where does the general factor of psychopathology fit within a dimensional model of psychopathology?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Richard P. Bentall ◽  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
General Dimension ◽  
Higher Order Models

Abstract Background Dimensional models of psychopathology are increasingly common and there is evidence for the existence of a general dimension of psychopathology (‘p’). The existing literature presents two ways to model p: as a bifactor or as a higher-order dimension. Bifactor models typically fit sample data better than higher-order models, and are often selected as better fitting alternatives but there are reasons to be cautious of such an approach to model selection. In this study the bifactor and higher-order models of p were compared in relation to associations with established risk variables for mental illness. Methods A trauma exposed community sample from the United Kingdom (N = 1051) completed self-report measures of 49 symptoms of psychopathology. Results A higher-order model with four first-order dimensions (Fear, Distress, Externalising and Thought Disorder) and a higher-order p dimension provided satisfactory model fit, and a bifactor representation provided superior model fit. Bifactor p and higher-order p were highly correlated (r = 0.97) indicating that both parametrisations produce near equivalent general dimensions of psychopathology. Latent variable models including predictor variables showed that the risk variables explained more variance in higher-order p than bifactor p. The higher-order model produced more interpretable associations for the first-order/specific dimensions compared to the bifactor model. Conclusions The higher-order representation of p, as described in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, appears to be a more appropriate way to conceptualise the general dimension of psychopathology than the bifactor approach. The research and clinical implications of these discrepant ways of modelling p are discussed.

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