scholarly journals GEROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF FOOD PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Oliіnyk ◽  
D. Voronenko ◽  
R. Lysiuk ◽  
A. Oliinyk ◽  
S. Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Unbalanced Diet

People’s ageing causes economic and social problems all over the world. The article presents the results of the analysis of modern research on ways and means that can eliminate the causes of ageing, prolong the active longevity and working ability of the elderly. It has been established that human health and longevity depend on the specific features of a person’s nutrition and are affected by micronutrient deficiency in the body caused by unbalanced diet. Considering the free radical theory of ageing, which is based on the chemical nature and ubiquity of free radicals, it has been found that consumption of plant foods rich in antioxidants prevents oxidative damage to cellular structures, which is caused by reactive oxygen species. It has been demonstrated that well-known plant antioxidants, such as flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds, have a protective effect. They modulate energy metabolism in a way conducive to well-being and longevity, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases and ageing. It has been established that the antioxidant effect of flavonoids involves scavenging of free lipoperoxide radicals, inhibition of nitric oxide production, inactivation of peroxynitrite and other oxidants, inhibition of xanthine oxidase and other radical-producing enzymes, chelation of metals. Neuroprotective and radioprotective properties of flavonoids have been revealed. Flavonoids can inhibit regulatory enzymes or transcription factors that are important for the control of inflammatory mediators, affect oxidative stress through DNA interactions, and enhance genomic stability. Combinations of polyphenols can exhibit synergistic or additive beneficial effects. It has been shown that the rational use of plant-based diets rich in polyphenolic compounds helps to reduce the total mortality rate and, in particular, mortality from coronary heart disease, to maintain sustainable weight management, to decrease the frequency and severity of high-risk conditions such as obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and improve the general condition in cases of long-neglected cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasna K. A. ◽  
Geetha N. ◽  
Jean Maliekkal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory

Background: Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body functions and decreased ability to maintain homeostasis. The free radical theory of ageing proposed by Harman D states that ageing is a result of cumulative damage incurred by free radical reactions. Free radicals are highly reactive molecular species with unpaired electrons; generated in the body by several physiological processes. Prime target to free radical attack are the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes causing lipid peroxidation. The free radicals are neutralized by the exogenous and endogenous antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when large number of free radicals are produced or the antioxidant activity is impaired. The present study is focused to find out the role of oxidative stress in ageing.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress in ageing; by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation product- malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin in various age groups. 150 healthy subjects were selected randomly and categorised into three different age groups of 20-30 years, 40-59 years and 60-90 years; with 50 subjects in each group. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.Results: a significant elevation in serum MDA level and a decline in SOD were observed in 40-59 years and 60-90 years age groups. However, an elevated ceruloplasmin level was found in the above age groups.Conclusions: Aforementioned observations are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and the progression of ageing process.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Healthy Aging: Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4337
Author(s):  
Neri Maria Cristina ◽  
d’Alba Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Effective Prevention

Nutritional well-being is a fundamental aspect for the health, autonomy and, therefore, the quality of life of all people, but especially of the elderly. It is estimated that at least half of non-institutionalized elderly people need nutritional intervention to improve their health and that 85% have one or more chronic diseases that could improve with correct nutrition. Although prevalence estimates are highly variable, depending on the population considered and the tool used for its assessment, malnutrition in the elderly has been reported up to 50%. Older patients are particularly at risk of malnutrition, due to multiple etiopathogenetic factors which can lead to a reduction or utilization in the intake of nutrients, a progressive loss of functional autonomy with dependence on food, and psychological problems related to economic or social isolation, e.g., linked to poverty or loneliness. Changes in the aging gut involve the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, intestinal wall function, and chemical digestion of food. These alterations progressively lead to the reduced ability to supply the body with adequate levels of nutrients, with the consequent development of malnutrition. Furthermore, studies have shown that the quality of life is impaired both in gastrointestinal diseases, but especially in malnutrition. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of malnutrition in elderly people is necessary to promote the knowledge of age-related changes in appetite, food intake, homeostasis, and body composition in order to better develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to achieve healthy aging.

Biology of Aging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Bharadia ◽  
Raquel Minasian ◽  
Indranil Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Biology Of Aging ◽  
Age Related Changes

With aging, there are multiple internal and external factors that are associated with age-related changes in skin and soft tissue.  As Plastic Surgeons, we very commonly evaluate and treat elderly patients, often offering ‘anti-aging’ treatments.  An understanding of the science behind aging as well as common patterns of change seen in soft tissue may allow us to refine our treatments.  This review provides an overview of mechanisms underlying aging, as well common clinical scenarios with aging regarding anatomic sites commonly treated by Plastic Surgeons including the face, breast, and abdomen.  Separately, we discuss aging associated changes to specific tissue types, including skin, fat, muscle, and bone.  Knowledge of factors related to aging and concepts related to safe interventions to reverse or mitigate age-related changes and integral to our ability to care for the elderly population.   This review contains 9 figures, 3 tables and 69 references Key Words : Cellular senescence, mitochondrial theory, free radical theory, inflammation, protein damage hypothesis, glycation hypothesis, atrophy, lipotoxicity, rhytids, involution  

Selected health issues related to high altitude trekking

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65
Author(s):  
Hanna Prószyńska-Bordas ◽  
Katarzyna Baranowska
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper was to investigate health aspects of high altitude trekking such as preparation for the physical exertion during trekking at high altitude, the impact of mountaineering on the daily life before and after the expedition, the effect of high-mountain conditions on health and well-being. It was found that in the pre-departure period trekkers commonly train to ensure that they are physically fit for the expedition. They train alone or under the supervision of a trainer. Self-prepared workouts may turn out to be insufficient due to the lack of appropriate training plans. The most challenging aspects of high altitude trekking for the body include carrying too heavy equipment, dealing with illegibly marked routes, wearing inappropriate clothing, having an unbalanced diet, not having enough water, which can lead to dehydration and infections. Misconduct by other people poses a risk. The specific type of effort involved in mountaineering requires balanced nutrition in terms of both micro- and macro-elements. To find the right combination, one has to either experiment or seek advice from a dietitian. However, relatively few people consult a nutrition coach. Among sanitary problems, the most serious one is inappropriate human waste disposal, the resulting lack of drinkable water. Some of the observed problems result from insufficient regulations regarding the conduct in the mountains and from trekkers’ lack of awareness regarding good practices in such extreme conditions.

2. Physical and biological aspects of ageing

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-44
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Damage Theory ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Ageing Brain

‘Physical and biological aspects of ageing’ considers influences on longevity and the physical disorders commonly experienced at the end of life. It describes primary and secondary ageing and different biological theories of ageing—error and programme theories. Error theories (e.g. wear and tear theory, free radical theory, and somatic DNA damage theory) postulate that ageing and death are the result of environmental damage to the body over time. Programme theories (e.g. endocrine theory, immunological theory, and genetic theory (programmed longevity)) postulate that lifelong growth and development is genetically programmed to follow a pre-determined timeline. The ageing brain and body, and disease trajectories later in life are also considered.

scholarly journals Modern methodological and organizational fundamentals of health and recreational motor activity in the elderly

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
S. Duditska ◽  
A. Hakman ◽  
A. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organized Activities ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

The research examines the problem of the impact of health and recreational physical activity on the body of the elderly by means of fitness. It is established that regular physical activity, clearly dosed and carefully selected by means, methods and interests, increases the level of efficiency, motor training, morphofunctional state of the elderly. The purpose of the study - based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature to substantiate the theoretical and methodological support of health and recreational motor activity and to identify its impact on the body of the elderly. Research methods: theoretical analysis of special scientific and methodical literature, documentary materials, abstraction, logical-theoretical analysis, method of synthesis, method of systematization. Results. It is determined that physical activity is the first factor of longevity, prolongation of life expectancy. Health and recreational motor activity improve well-being, delay the aging of the body due to organized activities, improve the functional and psychophysiological state of the body. During the scientific research the peculiarities of the influence of health and recreational physical activity on the body of the elderly were singled out. The positive effect of dosed classes of health and recreational motor activity can be traced to all the main functions of the aging organism. The main tasks of using the means of health and recreational physical activity in old age are identified. In the course of the research, the basic rules that should be followed during health fitness training with the elderly are highlighted.

scholarly journals Dinacharya: The Essential Daily Routine for Geriatric Care

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3581-3584
Author(s):  
Priya Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
National Statistical Office

The term Geriatrics is made by union of two Greek word first ‘geras’ (old age) and second ‘iatros’ (physician) and derived from Greek root “gergero- geronto” meaning old age or the aged or especially one receiving special care. Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. In India population of the elderly has been increasing steadily since 1961 as it touched 13.8 crore in 2021, growing faster due to decrease in death rate, according to a study by National Statistical Office (NSO). Ageing is the process in which structural and functional changes occur with passage of time. Thus study of all aspects of ageing including physiological, pathological, psychological, economical and sociological problems is termed as Geriatrics. With advancing age, several changes take place in the body, in the external appearance as well as in Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, Agni, Oja level, also on the mental functions. In Ayurvedic texts, there are many ways given for prevention and promotion of health, one of them is Dinacharya (daily regimen), which is most important part to maintain a healthy and happy life. The importance of appropriate daily routine cannot be underestimated. It set the wheels in motion for entire day, bringing a sense of calm and well-being. It gives the body, mind and spirit the chance to start afresh.

scholarly journals Vision Impairment: A Psychological Challenge of the Elderly

2021 ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Dr. Vatika Sibal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Psychological Challenge

Ageing is part of life. With age, the body physically changes and there are psychological challenges are faced by visual impairment. The elderly find it difficult to cope with the changes. The study is substantiated by concepts, theories, and empirical findings that have accumulated under the umbrella of age-related psycho-ophthalmology. The focus is on adaptation theories in visually impaired older adults. One can understand the ageing through everyday competence, cognitive functioning, social functioning, and subjective well-being-related outcomes, depression, and adaptation processes. Thereafter, major insights related to the current state-of-the art psychosocial interventions with visually impaired older adults are reviewed. There is a need of public health community should become more aware of and address the psychosocial needs of visually impaired older adults.

scholarly journals Root Cause of Diseases – Ama Concept W.S.R to Free Radical Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Sapra
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Toxic Material

Ayurveda speaks the main cause of diseases is rooted in the impairment of the body's main fire, called Agni, the fire of digestion. Ayurveda views the health of the body as the functioning of a biological fire-governing metabolism. If this essential part is functioning effectively, the whole body will be nourished, full of life and vibrancy. Altered digestive functioning can lead to the production of Ama, a toxic material that initiates and promotes disease processes throughout the body. In the same way, free radicals are also found to be the root cause of many diseases. The majority of free radicals that damage biological systems are oxygen-free radicals, and these are more generally known as “Reactive oxygen Species” (ROS). These are the main byproducts formed in the cells of aerobic organisms, and can initiate autocatalytic reactions so that molecules to which they react are themselves converted into free radicals to propagate the chain of damage. Here we shall discuss about properties of both Ama and Free Radicals. The present article attempts to correlate the concept of Free radical with the concept of Ama. 

scholarly journals Antiradical activity of novel 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
A. A. Safonov ◽  
I. S. Nosulenko
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Initial Molecule

The process of studying free radicals began in the middle of the last century (the free radical theory of aging in 1956). Multiple studies have revealed the effect of free radicals on the cells of the body and the development of various diseases, such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, diseases of the nervous system, and others. As a result, the term antioxidant has emerged, compounds that reduce and prevent the effects of free radicals. Most of the newly synthesized substances are studied for their antiradical properties. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives are no exception, which has already proven themselves as biologically active compounds. The aim of this work was the investigation antiradical activity among 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives. Materials and methods. Previously synthesized 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives were used as test compounds. The research of antiradical activity was based on the interaction between 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro. DPPH is a stable free radical. The color of its alcoholic solutions were intense purple (λmax = 517 nm). When DPPH interacted with compounds that were capable of scavenging free radicals, it produced products. These products are yellow in color and do not absorb light of the aforementioned wavelength. The study was carried out according to the method. Results. The antiradical activity of 10 new 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives was studied. Most of the test compounds show antiradical activity against DPPH. Compound 1 was the most active at a concentration of 1 × 10-3 M and the antiradical effect was close to ascorbic acid. Conclusions. The most active compound is 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, which in a concentration of 1 × 10-3 M has an antiradical effect in 88.89 %. When reducing the concentration to 1 × 10-4 M, also reduces the antiradical activity to 53.78 %. Some conclusions are drawn regarding the “structure – effect” dependence between 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives: – the introduction of 4-fluorobenzylidene radical (compound 2) into the 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol molecule results in a slight decrease in activity; – the introduction of 2-hydroxybenzylidene radical (compound 3) into initial molecule results a high antiradical effect, which hardly changes with decreasing concentration; – transformation to 2-((5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4-((R)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetic acid has almost no effect on antiradical activity, except for compound 9 (the antiradical effect is reduse).

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