scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ROOT DEFORMATION AND LIGHT AVAILABILITY ON GROWTH AND BIOMASS ALLOCATION OF Senna multijuga SEEDLINGS (Rich) H. S. Irwin & Barneby

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile Caroline Silva Lopes ◽  
Ândrea Carla Dalmolin ◽  
Ivan Bezerra Allama ◽  
Karine Ferreira Pereira ◽  
William Martin Aitken II ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Root Deformation ◽  
Senna Multijuga

ABSTRACT The effects of root deformation caused by errors in the pricking-out process in forest nurseries are still unknown for tropical tree seedlings. We analyzed the effects of light availability and root deformation on growth and biomass allocation in seedlings of Senna multijuga, a pioneer tropical tree commonly used in forest restoration programs. Our hypotheses were: (a) as a typical light-demanding species, the seedlings of S. multijuga may have their growth compromised by low light availability; (b) root deformation impairs growth rates and induces changes in biomass allocation; and (c) the effects of low light availability on growth and biomass allocation are increased by root deformation. Seedlings with and without root deformation were cultivated for 43 days under three levels of total daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (28, 12, and 1 mol photons m-2 day-1). Seedlings of S. multijuga had their growth rates severely affected by values of PAR at about 1 mol photons m-2 day-1, but root deformation did not affect the relative growth rates of the whole plant. Instead, root deformation caused a decrease in the relative growth rate of roots in all light availabilities. The changes in root growth affected biomass allocation to the roots. The interactive effects of light availability and root deformation on the allocation of biomass to leaves are more pronounced at low light availability. Root deformations may lead to the production of seedlings with a low competitiveness capacity regardless of light conditions.

Growth and phenotypic plasticity of two tropical tree species under low light availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marúcia da Cunha Fagundes ◽  
Ândrea Carla Dalmolin ◽  
Luciana Santos Lobo ◽  
Ana Cristina Schilling ◽  
Martielly Santana dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Tropical Tree Species

Abstract Aims Screening tree species in tropical rainforest according to their shade tolerance is important to efficiently manage the native trees of economic significance in secondary forest enrichment regimes. The objective of this study was to determine the whole-plant light compensation point (WPLCP) and compare the phenotypic plasticity in relation to growth and carbon allocation of Cariniana legalis and Gallesia integrifolia seedlings under low light availability. Methods Seedlings were cultivated for 77 days under conditions of five photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (0.02, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5 and 5.9 mol photons m -2 day -1) in three replicates. Growth and carbon allocation variables were determined. Important Findings Growth rates of C. legalis were higher and lower than those of G. integrifolia under 1.1 and 5.9 mol photons m -2 day -1, respectively. The WPLCP differed significantly between the two species. In accordance with the criteria of the shade tolerance classification for these two tropical tree species, our results showed that C. legalis had lower WPLCP and phenotypic plasticity in terms of higher growth rates and greater shade tolerance than G. integrifolia. From a practical point of view, we demonstrated that the differential linkage between growth and changing PAR between the two species can become a useful tool for comparing and selecting tree species in forest enrichment projects.

scholarly journals Acclimation of seedlings of three Mexican tropical rain forest tree species to a change in light availability

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Popma ◽  
F. Bongers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Gap Dynamics ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Acclimation Potential

ABSTRACTA comparison is made of the light acclimation potential of seedlings of three canopy species of the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico: Cordia megalantha, Lonchocarpus guatemalensis, and Omphalea oleifera. These species showed similar growth rates in a range of microhabitats. Gap dynamics were simulated by transferring plants between three environments: beneath a closed canopy, a small gap, and a large gap. Plants of all three species were able to adjust their morphology and growth rates in response to changes in light availability. Growth rates increased when plants were moved to a (larger) gap, and decreased when plants were moved to a more shaded environment. Shade-grown plants were able to acclimate faster to increasing light availability than sun-grown plants to decreasing light availability. Also, plants moved from shady to sunny conditions showed higher relative growth rates than sun control plants, whereas sun-grown plants when moved to the shade showed lower relative growth rates than shade control plants. Species differed in their response to gap dynamics. Omphalea could not acclimate morphologically to shading, but reacted faster than the other species in response to the occurrence of a large gap. Acclimation potential seemed to be related to plasticity in physiological rather than in morphological traits. Suppressed seedlings of all three species performed well in the shade, and were able to acclimate rapidly to gap-conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of light on the growth and photosynthesis of Egeria najas planchon

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington Luiz Gomes Tavechio ◽  
Sidinei Magela Thomaz
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Light Compensation Point ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Egeria Najas

Photosynthesis and growth of Egeria najas (Hydrocharitaceae) from a subtropical reservoir (Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil-Paraguay) were measured in response to low light intensities (0-124 µM m-2 s-1 PAR) in the laboratory. Photosynthesis approached saturation in the range of light intensities used and light compensation point was reached at ca. 6-22 µM m-2 s-1 PAR, indicating that this species had a low light requirement for growth. Light stimulated shoot and root relative growth rates (RGR) but it was not related to ratios between root:shoot RGR. Laboratory observations indicated that (i) both shoot and root growth were simultaneously stimulated by light and (ii) the low light requirements of E. najas may explain its incidence in the Itaipu Reservoir, where biogenic as well as abiogenic turbidity is high.

scholarly journals A trait‐based trade‐off between growth and mortality: evidence from 15 tropical tree species using size‐specific relative growth rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
pp. 3675-3688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Philipson ◽  
Daisy H. Dent ◽  
Michael J. O'Brien ◽  
Juliette Chamagne ◽  
Dzaeman Dzulkifli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Tropical Tree Species

Relationship between seed size and litter effects on early seedling establishment of 15 tropical tree species

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Micheletto Scarpa ◽  
I. F. M. Valio
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Early Seedling

A close relationship has been reported between seed size and many different plant traits such as seedling size, relative growth rate, seedling survival, distance of dispersion, colonization and density of seeds in the soil (Coomes & Grubb 2003, Jurado & Westoby 1992, Lahoreauet al. 2006, Saverimuttu & Westoby 1996, Souza & Valio 2001). Although the association of seed size and shade tolerance is unclear (Westobyet al. 1996) some authors have suggested that a larger-seeded species is better able to tolerate low light availability (Foster 1986, Foster & Janson 1985, Leishman & Westoby 1994) by producing a vigorous seedling with a higher ability to withstand predation (Armstrong & Westoby 1993, Foster 1986) and delaying the beginning of carbon fixation so as to increase survival under a canopy and under leaf litter.

scholarly journals Differential growth responses in seedlings of ten species of Dipterocarpaceae to experimental shading and defoliation

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Timothy Paine ◽  
Martin Stenflo ◽  
Christopher D. Philipson ◽  
Philippe Saner ◽  
Robert Bagchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Tropical Tree Seedlings

Abstract:The responses of plants to shade and foliar herbivory jointly affect growth rates and community assembly. We grew 600 seedlings of ten species of the economically important Dipterocarpaceae in experimental gradients of shading (0.3–47.0% of full sunlight) and defoliation (0, 25%, 50% or 75% of leaf area removed). We assessed stem diameters initially, after 2 and 4 mo, and calculated relative growth rates (RGR) with a linear model. Shading interacted with defoliation, reducing RGR by 21.6% in shaded conditions and 8.9% in well-lit conditions. We tested three hypotheses for interspecific trade-offs in growth responses to shading and defoliation. They could be positively related, because both reduce a plant's access to carbon, or inversely related because of trade-offs between herbivore resistance and tolerance. We observed, however, that species varied in their response to shading, but not defoliation, precluding an interspecific trade-off and suggesting that plants tolerate shade and herbivory with differing strategies. Shading most strongly reduced the growth of species with less-dense wood and larger seeds. The strong and variable growth responses to shade, contrasted with the weak and uniform responses to defoliation, suggest that variation in light availability more strongly affects the growth of tropical tree seedlings, and thus community assembly, than does variation in herbivory.

scholarly journals Soil microbes alter seedling performance and biotic interactions under plant competition and contrasting light conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1098
Author(s):  
Nianxun Xi ◽  
Juliette M G Bloor ◽  
Chengjin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Soil Feedback

Abstract Background and Aims Growing evidence suggests that the net effect of soil microbes on plants depends on both abiotic and biotic conditions, but the context-dependency of soil feedback effects remains poorly understood. Here we test for interactions between the presence of conspecific soil microbes, plant competition and light availability on tree seedling performance. Methods Seedlings of two congeneric tropical tree species, Bauhinia brachycarpa and Bauhinia variegata, were grown in either sterilized soil or soil conditioned by conspecific soil microorganisms in a two-phase greenhouse feedback experiment. We examined the interactive effects of soil treatment (live, sterilized), light availability (low, high) and plant competition (no competition, intraspecific and interspecific competition) on tree seedling biomass. We also investigated the linkages between the outcomes of soil feedback effects and soil microbial community structure. Key Results The outcomes of soil feedback effects on seedling biomass varied depending on both competition treatment and light availability. Under low light conditions, soil feedback effects were neutral irrespective of competition treatment and plant species. Soil feedback effects were negative in high light for seedlings with interspecific competition, but positive for seedlings growing alone or with intraspecific competition. Soil feedback effects for seedlings were driven by variation in the Gram-positive:Gram-negative bacteria ratio. Light and conspecific soil microbes had interactive effects on the competitive environment experienced by tree species; in low light the presence of conspecific soil microbes decreased plant competition intensity, whereas in high light both the intensity and the importance of competition increased for seedlings in the presence of soil microbes, irrespective of plant species. Conclusions Our findings underline the importance of light and plant competition for the outcomes of soil feedback effects on young tree seedlings, and suggest that reduced light availability may reduce the influence of conspecific soil microbes on plant–plant interactions.

scholarly journals Data on the effects of fertilization on growth rates, biomass allocation, carbohydrates and nutrients of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing tree legumes during tropical forest restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto K. Jaquetti ◽  
José Francisco C. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Tree Legume

Abstract Objectives Tree legume species play an important role in forest restoration in the tropics. Understanding how different species adjust carbohydrate allocation and growth under distinct nutrient availability will enhance the success of restoring degraded areas. Data description A 2-year tropical forest plantation of the Forest Restoration Program of the Balbina Hydropower Dam was evaluated. Three non-N-fixing (Cenostigma tocantinum, Dipteryx odorata and Senna reticulata) and three N-fixing (Clitoria fairchildiana, Inga edulis and Acacia spp.) tree legume species were either fertilized or not fertilized. Growth rates and biomass allocation were calculated, and carbon (C) fractions and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations were determined. Multiple nutrient additions increased the growth rates and aboveground biomass production of fertilized plants. According to the results presented, different species and N- fixers respond differently to fertilization regimes. The authors encourage the use of the presented data in meta-analysis studies that consider the fertilization or nutrient deficiency effects on growth, carbohydrate and nutrient responses. N-fixing species with high biomass growth and foliar N are important for restoring N and C cycles in nutrient-limited soils. Fertilization treatments are fundamental during the early stages of forest plantation development.

scholarly journals Comportamento vegetativo do tomateiro-cereja (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium) irrigado com águas salinas

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (44) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Lidiane Maria dos Santos Guimarães Barros ◽  
Jose Lucínio de Oliveira Freire ◽  
Andreza Agda Dantas Silva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
The Absolute

Saltwater in irrigation is an alternative to agriculture in the semi-arid region of the Northeast of Brazil. Due to the lack of research on this theme, this work aimed at the effects of water salinity on the vegetative behavior of cherry tomatoes. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 50% shade, using six water levels (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0, 6.5 and 8.0 dS m-1) and eight replicates. Absolute and relative growth rates in height, stem diameter, fresh epigene phytomass, dry leaf phytomass, days for initial, stem, root and total flowering, leaf biomass, root and root biomass were analyzed. The salinity reduced absolute and relative growth rates in height; the absolute growth rate of the fresh epigene phytomass and the dry foliar, caulinar, root and total phytomass; the allocation of the biomass; and the flowering days of the crop. The absolute and relative growth rates of the stem diameter, the relative growth rate of the fresh epigene phytomass and the root biomass allocation were not influenced by the increase in the electrical conductivity of the water. The leaf biomass allocation was the indicator that best represented the effect of saline stress and obtained linear growth

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