scholarly journals ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated at different population densities in a mechanizable arrangement

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varley A. Fonseca ◽  
Luzinaldo C. Costa ◽  
João A. da Silva ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Potential Acidity

ABSTRACT Cactus pear is a crop adapted to the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region, so it has contributed to the socioeconomic development of this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated at different population densities in a mechanizable arrangement. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six population densities: 22,857; 34,286; 51,428; 62,857; 80,000 and 95,000 plants ha-1 and four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of cladodes, cladode length, cladode width and cladode area index, green and dry matter yields, extraction/export of nutrients and soil chemical characteristics. Increase in population density in a mechanizable arrangement decreases the number of cladodes and increases the cladode area index. The maximum green and dry matter yield of cactus pear cultivated in arrangement that allows mechanization is expected with populations of 69,111.79 and 64,445.91 plants ha-1, respectively. Maximum values of extraction/export of nutrients in cactus pear tissue are expected at intermediate population densities (62,721.52-74,741.93 plants ha-1). Soil potential acidity has maximum value with 64,525.51 plants ha-1.

scholarly journals Yield and vegetative growth of cactus pear at different spacings and under chemical fertilizations

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
João A. da Silva ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
Evilasio dos S. Souza ◽  
Milton C. Padilha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of different spacings and mineral fertilizations on cactus pear growth and production in a randomized block design, with three replicates, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme: three spacings, 1.00 x 0.50 m, 2.00 x 0.25 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m, and four fertilizations, 000-000-000, 000-150-000, 200-150-000 and 200-150-100 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Plant growth was evaluated between 90 and 390 days and production and growth were evaluated at 620 days after planting. There were significant interactions between spacing and fertilization for plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index from 90 to 390 days and for production of fresh and dry matter at 620 days after planting. Spacing influenced cladode area index, while fertilization influenced plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index at 620 days after planting. Plant height showed cubic effect for the days after planting. Number of cladodes and cladode area index were dependent on spacing, fertilization and plant age, and fitted to cubic models. The best results of growth and production of fresh and dry matter are associated with NPK and NP fertilizations and the spacing of 1.00 x 0.50 m.

scholarly journals Radiation Use Efficiency for Cowpea Subjected to Different Irrigation Depths Under the Climatic Conditions of the Northeast Of Pará State

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Denis de Pinho Sousa ◽  
Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Vivian Dielly da Silva Farias ◽  
Hildo Giuseppe Caldas Nunes ◽  
Denílson Pontes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Abstract This study aims to determine the cowpea efficiency in absorbing and using solar radiation according to different irrigation depths under the climatic conditions of the northeast of Pará State. The experiment was carried out on 2014 and 2016 in an experimental design of randomized blocks, which consisted in six blocks with four treatments, in which different irrigation depths the reproductive phase were applied, as follows: T100, T50, T25 e T0, that corresponded to 100%, 50%, 25% e 0% of the crop evapotranspiration, respectively. The absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, leaf area index (LAI), total aerial dry matter (TADM) and grain yield were measured. The extinction coefficient (k) was obtained by nonlinear regression between the fraction of absorbed PAR (fPARinter) and the LAI. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was calculated by linear regression between the TADM and the accumulated absorbed PAR. The water deficit imposed by the treatments had a significant influence on the LAI, TADM and cowpea yields. The water deficit did not significantly influenced k – it ranged between 0.83 for T100 and 0.70 for T0. The RUE showed significant behaviors regarding the treatments with adequate water supply and treatments under water deficit, ranging from 2.23 to 1.64 g·MJ-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth analysis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S.S. Nogueira ◽  
V. Nagai ◽  
N.R. Braga ◽  
M. Do C.S.S. Novo ◽  
M.B.P. Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Quadratic Models

An experiment to study the growing pattern of a chickpea variety, IAC-Marrocos, was carried out at the Monte Alegre Experimental Station, SP, during 1987 and 1988. The dry matter production of all parts of the plant, as well the leaf area index, were weekly evaluated. Exponential quadratic models of regression were adjusted to total dry matter, leaf dry matter and leaf area index, and a linear model to dry matter of grain. Based on the growth analysis it was concluded that the chickpea is a rustic eatable plant that can be recommended as an alternative winter crop for similar climatic conditions as those of the experiment.

Growth of spring barley under drought: crop development, photosynthesis, dry-matter accumulation and nutrient content

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Lawlor ◽  
W. Day ◽  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
B. J. Legg ◽  
K. J. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Grain Filling Period

SUMMARYThe effects of water deficit on growth of spring barley were analysed under five irrigation treatments. One crop was irrigated at weekly intervals from emergence throughout the growing season, and one was not irrigated at all after emergence. Soil water deficits in the other treatments were allowed to develop early, intermediate or late in the crop's development.Weekly irrigation produced a crop with a large leaf area index (maximum value 4) and maintained green leaf and awns throughout the grain-filling period. Early drought decreased leaf area index (maximum value 2) by slowing expansion of main-stem leaves and decreasing the number and growth of tiller leaves. Leaf senescence was also increased with drought. Drought late in the development of ears and leaves and during the grain-filling period caused leaves and awns to senesce so that the total photosynthetic areas decreased faster than with irrigation. Photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area was little affected by drought so total dry-matter production was most affected by differences in leaf area.Early drought gave fewer tillers (550/m2) and fewer grains per ear (18) than did irrigation (760 tillers/m2 and 21 grains per ear). Late irrigation after drought increased the number of grains per ear slightly but not the number of ears/m2. Thus at the start of the grain-filling period crops which had suffered drought early had fewer grains than irrigated (9·5 and 18·8 × 103/m2 respectively) or crops which suffered drought later in development (14 × 103/m2).During the first 2 weeks of filling, grains grew at almost the same rate in all treatments. Current assimilate supply was probably insufficient to provide this growth in crops which had suffered drought, and stem reserves were mobilized, as shown by the decrease in stem mass during the period. Grains filled for 8 days longer with irrigation and were heavier (36–38 mg) than without irrigation (29–30 mg). Drought throughout the grainfilling period after irrigation earlier in the season resulted in the smallest grains (29 mg).Grain yield depended on the number of ears, the number of grains per ear and mass per grain. Early drought decreased tillering and tiller ear production and the number of grains that filled in each ear. Late drought affected grain size via the effects on photosynthetic surface area.Drought decreased the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the dry matter of crops, and irrigation after drought increased them. Concentration of nitrogen was little affected by treatment. Possible mechanisms by which water deficits and nutrient supply affect crop growth and yield are discussed.

scholarly journals Internal water supply in Africanized beehives during the dry season in the Brazilian semiarid

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catiana Da Conceição Vieira Melquiades ◽  
Juliana Do Nascimento Bendini ◽  
Sinevaldo Gonçalves De Moura
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Daily Water

In light of the unfavorable climatic conditions for keeping Africanized bees in apiaries in the Brazilian semiarid, especially during the dry season, this study aimed to assess how the internal water supply in beehives influences the development of Africanized bee during this period in the semiarid region of Piaui state (PI), Brazil. The experiment was conducted in September and October 2016, in the Experimental Apiary of the Study Group on Bees of the Piaui Semiarid, located in Picos (PI). The hives were standardized in terms of population size and amount of food. To that end, a data sheet was filled out and the brood area measured (cm²) at the beginning and end of the experiment. Graduated 500 mL Boardman entrance feeders filled with potable water were installed to measure daily water consumption during the experiment. There was a significant variation in water use by the bees, with average daily consumption of 74.6 mL ± 25.5. With respect to colony development, there was an increase in the number of frames and brood area. Internal water supply can be recommended as a suitable management technique for bee colonies during the dry season in the semiarid.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FORAGE PRODUCTIVITY OF IRRIGATED CACTUS PEAR UNDER DIFFERENT CUTTING INTENSITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILHERME FERREIRA DA COSTA LIMA ◽  
MARGARETH MARIA TELES REGO ◽  
FERNANDA DANIELE GONÇALVES DANTAS ◽  
RAIMUNDO NONATO BRAGA LÔBO ◽  
JOSÉ GERALDO MEDEIROS DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Length Width

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of different cutting intensities and years of harvesting on the morphological characteristics and production of fresh (FMP) and dry matter (DMP) of cactus pear cv. Gigante (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) under conditions of irrigation, high planting density and fertilization, with 12 months of regrowth. The experimental was completely randomized in a factorial design (3 × 2) with 12 replicates. The treatments were three cutting intensities (preserving the mother cladode (PMC), primary cladodes (PPC), or secondary cladodes (PSC)), and two years of harvesting. The soil was classified as Cambisol Haplicum and the irrigation water was classified as C4S1 (EC 5.25 dS.m-1) density of 50,000 plants ha-1. The research evaluated plant height, number of cladodes per plant (NCP), length, width, perimeter and thickness of the cladodes, cladode area (CA), cladode area index (CAI), FMP and DMP. There was no significant interaction between treatments (P > 0.05) for the variables plant height, NCP, CAI and FMP. The variables related to cladode morphology showed a significant interaction (P < 0.05). The treatment PSC resulted in a greater DMP (P < 0.05) with a mean of 27.17 Mg ha-1 yr-1, compared to PPC (18.58 Mg ha-1 yr-1) or PMC (11.78 Mg ha-1 yr-1). The treatment PSC promoted greater NCP and forage productivity at harvest and can be considered as a management practice for the sustainability of cactus pear cv. Gigante under irrigation. The more important morphological characteristics were also influenced by the lower cutting intensities.

The growth of swards of subterranean clover with particular reference to leaf area

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Davidson ◽  
CM Donald
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production

An experiment was conducted to study the growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) sown at different densities; the control swards were not defoliated while others were subjected to a single defoliation at various dates. During the final month the rate of dry matter production (tops only) increased to a maximum when the leaf area index (the ratio of the area of the leaves to the area of the ground surface — L.A.I.) was about 4-5, falling by about 30 per cent. as the L.A.I. increased to 8.7. The rate of leaf production was greatest at about L.A.I. 4-5, falling to zero at L.A.I. 8.7. Climatic conditions during the growing season influenced the relationship of L.A.I. to growth; as conditions became more favorable the values of the optimum LA.1. for growth and of the ceiling L.,4.1. progressively rose. Irrespective of the density, all swards tended towards a common ceiling L.A.I. and yield by the end of the season. The effect of defoliation depended on the L.A.I. at which defoliation occurred, on the value to which the L.A.I. was reduced, and on current climatic conditions. If swards near the ceiling L.A.I. were defoliated, total dry matter production was slightly increased and there was a great increase in leaf production. On the other hand, defoliation of swards from about the optimum L.A.I. to very low L.A.I. values led to a substantial reduction in both dry matter and leaf production. It is suggested that all these effects depend on the light relationships within the sward and their influence on the balance of photosynthesis and respiration. Pasture at the optimum L.A.I. will give greater production than swards of lower or higher L.A.I.; defoliation can give greatly increased leaf production, unless L.A.I. is reduced to very low values.

scholarly journals Viability of polycultures of arugula-carrot-coriander fertilized with hairy woodrose under different population densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcio J. de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Jailma S. S. de Lima ◽  
Eliane Q. de Oliveira ◽  
Joserlan N. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Caatinga Biome ◽  
Matter Basis

ABSTRACT Polycultures from broadleaves with tuberoses are being used in vegetable crop production systems in the semiarid region of Potiguar. The challenge is to determine whether these systems are productively viable when fertilized with organic matter produced by spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of arugula (A), carrot (C), and coriander (Co) polycultures fertilized with hairy woodrose biomass incorporated into the soil under different population densities among the component crops. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, from the combination of four amounts of hairy woodrose biomass incorporated into the soil (7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 t ha-1 on a dry matter basis), with four population densities (20A-50C-20Co%, 30A-50C-30Co%, 40A-50C-40Co%, and 50A-50C-50Co% of the recommended population in the single crop). The efficiency of polycultures was evaluated through indexes and agro-economic indicators. The most productive agro-economic performance was obtained with a biomass of 18.21 t ha-1 of hairy woodrose incorporated in the soil and a population density of 50A-50C-50Co%.

scholarly journals Balanço de Radiação em Ecossistema de Caatinga Preservada Durante um Ano de Seca no Semiárido Pernambucano (Radiation Balance in Caatinga Ecosystem Preserved for a Year Drought in Semiarid Pernambucano)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 041
Author(s):  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura ◽  
Gilberto Chohaku Sediyama ◽  
Thieres George Freire da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Semi Arid

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as variações diárias e sazonais dos componentes do balanço de radiação e da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa para a caatinga preservada durante um ano seco no Semiárido pernambucano. O experimento foi conduzido durante o ano de 2012 em Petrolina, PE, localizado na região do Semiárido brasileiro. Para determinação dos componentes do balanço de radiação foi utilizado um saldo radiômetro modelo CNR1 instalado à 13,3 metros da superfície. Adicionalmente, analisou-se a interação entre a vegetação e a radiação por meio de sensores para o monitoramento da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa acima e em diferentes posições abaixo do dossel da caatinga. Estes dados foram utilizados no cálculo da fração da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada (fRFAi) e absorvida (fRFAa). Foi observada uma ampla variação sazonal da radiação solar global e do saldo de radiação que atingiram valores médios diários em torno de 23 MJ m-2 dia-1 e 15 MJ m-2 dia-1, respectivamente. Neste caso, observou-se que a magnitude dos valores dos componentes do balanço de radiação foi afetada principalmente em decorrência da nebulosidade e mudanças na vegetação que afetaram principalmente os níveis de emitância da superfície e sua reflexão. No que se refere às frações da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada e absorvida, observou-se que as mesmas apresentaram valores médios diários ao longo do ano bastante próximos, os quais foram iguais a 0,69 e 0,64, nesta ordem. Estes dados podem ser extremamente úteis para uma melhor compreensão da interação entre a caatinga e a atmosfera sob condições climáticas singulares, e portanto, serem utilizados na formulação de políticas climáticas.   A B S T R A C T The objective of this study was to analyze the daily and seasonal variations of the components of the radiation balance and photosynthetically active radiation for the Caatinga during a dry year in Pernambuco Semi-Arid. The experiment was conducted during the year 2012 in Petrolina, PE, located in the Brazilian semiarid region. To determine the components of the radiation balance we used a balance radiometer CNR1 model installed the 13.3 meters of surface. Additionally, we analyzed the interaction between vegetation and radiation using sensors to monitor the photosynthetically active radiation above and in different positions under the canopy of scrub. These data were used to calculate the fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (fRFAi) and absorbed (fRFAa). A wide seasonal variation of solar radiation and net radiation was observed that reached daily averages around 23 MJ m-2 d-1 and 15 MJ m-2 d-1, respectively. In this case, it was observed that the magnitude of the component values ​​of the radiation balance was mainly affected due to the cloudiness and changes in vegetation which mainly affected the levels of emittance and reflection surface. With regard to fractions of intercepted and absorbed photosynthetic active radiation, it was observed that they had daily average values ​​over the next years, which were equal to 0.69 and 0.64 in order. This data can be extremely useful for a better understanding of the interaction between the savanna and the atmosphere under natural climatic conditions. Keywords: radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, Caatinga, dry.  

scholarly journals Produção de alface crespa, cv. Cristina no semiárido brasileiro com sistema de irrigação subsuperficial de baixo custo

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (52) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Lins Cassimiro ◽  
Francisco De Sales Oliveira filho ◽  
Selma Dos Santos Feitosa ◽  
Ednaldo Barbosa Pereira Junior ◽  
Eliezer Da Cunha Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Number Of Leaves

<p class="Normal1">The Brazilian semiarid has severe climatic conditions including low rainfall rates which constraints agricultural activities in the region. In order to reduce the difficulties of producers in the cultivation of curly lettuce, specifically regarding the efficient use of water, in this study we evaluate the use of social technology “water saving garden” on the effect of different irrigation water depths on the lettuce productivity. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal Institute of Paraíba, in 2018, using a randomized block design, with five treatments and four repetitions. Each treatment consisted of five irrigation depth, corresponding to 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% ETo (reference evapotranspiration). The results demonstrated that the number of leaves and the dry matter of the aerial part showed quadratic response to the treatments, with maximum values ranging 75% to 99% ETo. The maximum productivity (32.570 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of the 224.27 mm of irrigation depth; the greatest efficiency in the use of water (269,25 kg ha1 mm1) occurred with 56.88 mm irrigation water depth, corresponding to 25% of ETo.</p>

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