scholarly journals Studies of Permafrost in the European Northeast of Russia in the First Half of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Filippova ◽  
◽  
Nina G. Lisevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On the basis of a wide range of sources, the research analyzes the history of the study of permafrost in the territory of the European Northeast of Russia in the first half of the 20th century. The documentary sources revealed in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), the National Archive of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar), the Scientific Archive of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar), the Vorkuta Museum and Exhibition Center (Vorkuta) are introduced into the scientific use for the first time. The 1920s became the period of the birth of a new scientific direction – permafrostology. This science gave an impetus to the systematic study and development of the North and the Arctic. The beginning of systematic geocryologic studies was connected with the development of the European Northeast in the 1920s–1930s. It has been determined that the USSR Academy of Sciences played the leading role in carrying out these studies: it organized special scientific expeditions for studying the cryolithozone of this region. The main results of the studies and their motives interconnected with the government’s interests in the development of valuable northern mineral resources are shown. The results of the expeditions were conclusions about the possibility of constructing large industrial facilities in the regions of the explored reserves of natural raw material resources. Following scientists’ recommendation, the industrial development of the Pechora coal basin and the colonization of the polar region began. The climatic and natural features of the region demanded stationary scientific research in the field of design and construction. The Vorkuta Research Permafrost Station (VRPS) (1936–1958), created under the supervision of the USSR Academy of Sciences, began to carry out this research. Today, the history of this station’s activities is poorly studied. The article presents the main directions of VRPS research: engineering permafrostology and general issues of permafrost studies. The staff of the station were researchers of the Committee on Permafrost Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences and scientists from among prisoners of GULAG. The role of the staff who made a great contribution to permafrost studies is shown. Under the leadership of the scientists of the station, on the basis of their techniques, large industrial structures of Vorkuta District and Vorkuta, among them the first railroad in the conditions of permafrost, were designed. The conclusion is drawn on the leading role of scientists of the USSR Academy of Sciences in carrying out studies of permafrost soil in the European Northeast in the first half of the 20th century which became the basis in the successful solution of construction problems in the Arctic territory.

scholarly journals The Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Past and Present Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
V. L. Bersenev ◽  
◽  
V. St. Bochko ◽  
M. Vl. Vlasov ◽  
V. V. Sukhikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article describes the contribution made by the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) (Ekaterinburg, Russia) to the development of economic theory. It is shown how the Institute’s history of research fits into the long-standing tradition of economic thought, which studied the role of people both as agents of economic activity and as its objects. The article traces back the development of economic thought from Antiquity, through the modern period and the heyday of political economy in the nineteenth century, to the contemporary stage. Throughout its history, economic research dealt with such problems as human behaviour within the system of economic relationships, social policies as a form of public support of the manufacturing sector, labour as a way of realizing people’s full potential, and so on. The history of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the RAS started in the 1970s. The research was conducted in a number of areas, in particular the development of social infrastructure, methods of evaluation of living and materialized labour, the evolution of ownership during economic reforms, institutional support of economic transformations and the role of human agents in economy in twenty-first century Russia. Moreover, as the study makes clear, on researchers’ own initiative, a number of other projects were realized, covering a wide range of topics, from political economy of socialism to cliometrics.

Young Scholars Conference “Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity”. 21–22 May 2019. Session “Linguistics”

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Sergej A. Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
International Context ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

For more than twenty years, the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture with a traditional scholarly conference.”. Since 2014, it has been held in the young scholars’ format. In 2019, participants from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Togliatti, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, and Rostov-on-Don, as well as Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania continued this tradition. A wide range of problems related to the history of the Slavic peoples from the Middle Ages to the present time in the national, regional and international context were discussed again. Participants talked about the typology of Slavic languages and dialects, linguo-geography, socio- and ethnolinguistics, analyzed formation, development, current state, and prospects of Slavic literatures, etc.

scholarly journals TO THE 75th ANNIVERSARY OF E.G. Morozov

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S. M. Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Waves ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
International Association ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

March 15, 2021 Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Hydrological Processes of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DSc, ex-president of the International Association for Physical Ocean Sciences (IAPSO) Evgeny Morozov is 75 years old. E.G. Morozov is a prominent scientist and organizer of world-class science in the field of studying the temporal and spatial variability of hydrological processes and internal waves in a wide range of scales. He was the first to build a map of the amplitudes of tidal internal waves of the World Ocean. His monograph “Oceanic Internal Waves” published in 1985 in Russian, as well as his article “Semidiurnal internal wave global field”, published in the Deep Sea Research in 1995, are among the most cited on the problem of internal tidal waves. Unique results were obtained by E.G. Morozov in the study of internal waves in the Arctic, including under the ice and near the front of glaciers sliding into the ocean on Spitsbergen. He made a significant contribution to the study of various currents: the Gulf Stream, the Kuroshio and their rings, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the California Current, the Falkland Current, the Lomonosov and Tareev subsurface equatorial currents. Since 1999 he has been a member of the Executive Committee of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO) and since 2011 he has been elected President of the IAPSO, represented the IAPSO in this capacity on the Executive Committee of the International Geodetic and Geophysical Union (IUGG) and on the Executive Committee of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic research (SCOR). E.G. Morozov is the chairman of the Ocean Physical Sciences Section of the National Geophysical Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Доклад И.С. Гурвича по этнографии Якутии в архиве Академии наук

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Kiselev,
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Language Literature

The article provides information on the report by I.S. Gurvich “New Data on Ethnography of Northern Yakutia”, stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, presented at a meeting of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences on April 26, 1955. The report contains information about expeditions of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Yakut Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1953-1954. The expeditions aimed to study the composition of the population, life and culture of the peoples living in the basins of the Yana and Lower Lena rivers (Verkhoyansk, Ust-Yansky, Berizinsky, Zhigansky regions). As a result of a wide continuous ethnographic survey, it was possible not only to collect material for an ethnographic map of the northern regions of Yakutia and to further elaborate ethnic statistics for a number of regions, but also to identify areas of settlement of specific ethnic groups. The scientist managed to collect sufficient material to characterize the process of national consolidation, which was extremely intensive in the north of Yakutia. He noted that in reality the historical process in the North was still going on and had its own specificity, and "the task of Soviet historians and ethnographers is to reveal the essence of these processes, since there is still no connected history of the peoples of the North".

scholarly journals Crimean Correspondents of Academician V. I. Vernadsky (1920s–1930s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Nepomnyashchy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Pedagogical Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Written Sources

Referring to a corpus of epistolary sources kept in the personal archival fund of academician V. I. Vernadsky in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (correspondence sent to him from Crimea) and documents from the St Petersburg branch of the RAS Archive and the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum, the author restores some aspects of the daily life of Crimean local history of the 1920s–1930s. Vernadsky’s attention to people and events on the peninsula are connected with a dramatic period of his biography, i.e. his unexpected tenure as rector of the University of Taurida (October 1920 — January 1921). Thanks to the participation of the university in the activities of the Taurida Scientific Association, the academician formed a social circle of scientists from different fields of knowledge in Crimea. The analysis of Vernadsky’s correspondence helps define his range of interests related to Crimean affairs after his departure from Crimea. Vernadsky, not indifferent to the fate of Taurida University (M. V. Frunze Pedagogical Institute) (during the years in question described as Crimean University), was interested in the fate of the prominent professors who he worked with at the university in 1920. Thanks to the Crimean correspondence of A. I. Markevich, the leader of the local history movement, the author has been able to clarify the fate of individual manuscripts by V. I. and G. V. Vernadsky and the history of transfer of funds of the pioneers of comprehensive exploration of the peninsula P. I. Köppen and H. H. Steven to the Archives of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The epistolary heritage of geologists P. A. Dvoichenko and S. P. Popova, Vernadsky’s former colleagues at Taurida University, makes it possible to recreate the pages of the research of the natural productive forces of Crimea carried out in those years. In his correspondence with professors E. V. Petukhov and N. L. Ernst, Vernadsky discussed individual issues that worried scientists.

Jubilee of the “Laboratory” of Ecological Culture (to the 50th Anniversary of the Library of the Institute of Ecology of Volzhsky Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences)

2009 ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Olga L. Noskova
Keyword(s):  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Activity Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Article deals with the history of Institute library creation, its activity, structure, and also about the role of library in development of ecological consciousness of the person and his/her ecological culture.

THE 70th ANNIVERSARY OF PROCEEDINGS OF IBIW RAS AS AN OCCASION TO REMEMBER THE HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ACADEMIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN BOROK

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
D. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Academic Institution ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Sian Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Papanin Institute

In 2020, the journal “Proceed-ings of Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Rus-sian Academy of Sciences” celebrates its 70th anniversary. The article discusses the organization of an academic institution in 1938 in Borok to conduct biological research and the role of Aleksandr Petrovich Shennikov, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, in this process.

The Path of Historian’s Life: to the 90th Anniversary of Academician Alexander Chubaryan

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Velikhan Mirzekhanov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
90Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the eminent Russian historian and science manager, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander O. Chubaryan. The article provides overview of the scholar’s scientific activities against a broad historical background, reveals the main episodes of his intellectual biography. The article analyzes the main research directions of Alexander Chubaryan, characterizes his activities as a science manager, in particular as a director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Serious attention is paid to the role of Alexander Chubaryan in establishing international relations of the Institute, the development of science diplomacy, strengthening contacts with foreign colleagues and organizations.

R/V “VITYAZ” – FLAGMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC FLEET OF THE GOLDEN AGE OF SOVIET OCEAN SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-105
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the first research vessel “Vityaz” of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS, until 1991 – IO of the USSR Academy of Sciences). The history of the vessel is briefly told, information about “Vityaz” cruises is selectively given, photographs stored in the Museum of the History of IO RAS and documents from the personal archives of IO RAS employees participating in “Vityaz” cruises are given. Some of the photos and documents are published for the first time.

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