scholarly journals Developing a Special Theory of Expert Knowledge Use with a view to Ensuring Information and Worldview Security in the Digital Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
K. M. Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Expert Theory ◽  
Security Value ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

This paper substantiates the need to develop a new special theory of the use of expert knowledge in the framework of ensuring information and worldview security in the digital environment, aimed at analyzing and generalizing the possibilities of using a range of expert knowledge for the study of criminogenic information disseminated within the digital environment. For these purposes, conceptual frameworks have been developed, including the subject and the system of new expert theory, as well as other terms that are important for a holistic understanding of this area (such as "digital environment", "information (worldview) security", "value basis"). The involvement of persons with special knowledge is important due to the peculiarities of information disseminated in the digital environment (such as electronic form, hypertextuality, etc.). In this case, the question often arises about the need for a comprehensive expert analysis (for example, the use of special knowledge in the field of forensic speech and forensic psychology, special computer-technical knowledge, etc.). The result of the study is conclusion on the need to develop a new private expert theory; the paper defines its conceptual foundations in the form of a consideration of its subject and system.

Towards holistic understanding of socially responsible provision of public goods: conceptual foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Rita Vilke
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

PurposeThis paper aims to explain a conceptual background for an emerging agrarian discourse in corporate social responsibility (CSR) research. Socially responsible provision of public goods is examined by encompassing a shift in paradigms and approaches from the industrial phase of development with economic/profit dimension, emphasized by the theory of public goods, to the post-industrial phase of development with moral dimension, empowered by knowledge-based economy, sustainability and further development of the theory of CSR.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sets the conceptual foundations for the holistic study of the two confronting conceptions of public goods and CSR by discussing their interconnectivity and distinctions of relevant approaches in the intersecting classical economics and sustainability fields.FindingsResearch results show that provision of public goods is still mainly debated from the classical economic paradigms. Nevertheless, author give promising evidence for the possibility to implement holistic studies on confronting economic and moral dimensions in the field of socially responsible provisions of public goods with use of appropriate theories and approaches from both paradigms depending on the context.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper presents exceptionally theoretical insights and sophisticated explanations of the background of emerging agrarian discourse in CSR. It gives implications for further research in the field of socially responsible provision of public goods both from theoretical and empirical point of view.Originality/valueThe study proves the enlarged scope of the theory of CSR by conceptualizing the newly emerging discourse in the field, which has been absent from theoretical to empirical CSR research in agriculture.

A systematic review of transparency in the methods of expert knowledge use

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Drescher ◽  
Rachael C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Use

Combining expert knowledge and unsupervised learning techniques for anomaly detection in aircraft flight data

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Daniel L. C. Mack ◽  
Gautam Biswas ◽  
Hamed Khorasgani ◽  
Dinkar Mylaraswamy ◽  
Raj Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Expert Analysis

AbstractFault detection and isolation schemes are designed to detect the onset of adverse events during operations of complex systems, such as aircraft, power plants, and industrial processes. In this paper, we combine unsupervised learning techniques with expert knowledge to develop an anomaly detection method to find previously undetected faults from a large database of flight operations data. The unsupervised learning technique combined with a feature extraction scheme applied to the clusters labeled as anomalous facilitates expert analysis in characterizing relevant anomalies and faults in flight operations. We present a case study using a large flight operations data set, and discuss results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Our method is general, and equally applicable to manufacturing processes and other industrial applications.

scholarly journals FORMS OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE USE

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
H. O. Spitsyna ◽  
H. S. Bidniak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Search Problem ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Opinion Analysis ◽  
Crime Investigation ◽  
3D Scanners ◽  
Special Knowledge

The article deals with problematic issues regarding the forms of special knowledge use while crime investigation, legislative acts are analyzed. Based on the opinion analysis of criminalistic scientists, forms of special knowledge use divided according to different criteria into procedural and non-procedural, direct and indirect, basic and optional are detailed. The most commonly used forms are indicated, among them: appointment of forensic examinations, involvement of specialist for performing investigative actions, consulting and reference, auditing and monitoring of records, the presence of an investigator during an examination, expert questioning. Legislation changes concerning of examination by a Forensic science institution (expert) only according to the investigating judge decision or court made on the petition of one of the parties to criminal proceedings are analyzed. Positive reform aspects, as well as the argument about the loss of procedural independence of the investigator while decision making under such circumstances were highlighted; it was suggested to review the above changes. Taking into account legislation changes, the role of the specialist during the search relatively of mandatory fixation of this act by means of audio and video recording is indicated. Proposals are offered on the use of several cameras, the use of quadcopters, 3D scanners to capture of the important points for proving of the search. Problem issues existing in the units of criminalistic support during investigative actions are outlined and the mechanism of their solution is proposed. Attention is focused on the use of automated records and prospects for their development.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL BASES OF EXPERT PREVENTION: CONCEPT AND TASKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
N. Filipenko ◽  
O. Uhrovetskyi ◽  
O. Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes conceptual foundations, views and ideas concerning the essence of expert prevention. The relationship between the concepts of «prevention» and «prevention», which is in contact with each other, is investigated, because one of the main problems of the criminal investigation of the phenomenon of expert prevention is the ambiguity of both scientific understanding and the practical application of the corresponding conceptual-categorical apparatus. It is emphasized that the essence of expert prevention is the influence of the relevant subjects on crime through the use of special professional knowledge. That is, to the subject of forensic examination, should include studies of circumstances on the basis of which can be and should be developed scientific, organizational and technical measures of preventive nature. Proven that among the tasks of preventive nature, which can be solved by the staff of judicial-expert institutions, the development of aimed at forecasting in criminalistic aspects of circumstances contributing to the commission of crimes, taking into account the possibilities of certain types of expert research, should occupy an important place. It is proved that the preventive activities of forensic institutions of Ukraine should be carried out: in the production of examinations in specific criminal, administrative or civil cases; by summarizing expert, as well as forensic investigative practices; in the process of research on expert prevention; by providing on the basis of special knowledge of scientific and practical assistance to government agencies and public organizations in identifying circumstances conducive to the commission of crimes. In order to improve the quality of expert-preventive activities, the staff of the forensic institutions of Ukraine should pay maximum attention to the promotion of preventive activities among representatives of law enforcement and law enforcement agencies. On the basis of the analysis, the author’s definition of expert prevention is given: the activity of a forensic expert based on the laws and by-laws of normative legal acts, aimed at revealing the circumstances contributing to the commission of a crime, and the development of measures for their elimination with the use of special knowledge.

Expert knowledge use and deliberation in local policy making

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lundin ◽  
PerOla Öberg
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Knowledge Use

Religiosity and its influence on mental health of late age persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S189-S189
Author(s):  
L. Pishchikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Psychiatric Examination ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Spiritual Conflict ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Competing Interest

Christian anthropology considers personality as a unity of spiritual, emotional and corporal manifestation. Spirituality is defined as highest level of development and self-control of mature personality, ignoring which leads to moral dissonance and spiritual conflict. For the believing person, it is indisputable that belief, church sacraments and practices are capable to facilitate not only corporal, but also spiritual diseases. Clinical and expert analysis of 235 late age patients (> 60 years), who underwent forensic psychiatric examination in criminal and civil cases, helped to identify the influence of religiosity on mental health of late age persons. At late age, appeal to spirituality defines further evolutionary development of the person and favorable forms of aging. It is noted that elderly believers have no expressed cognitive and emotional frustration. When developing mental disorders, they resort to church sacraments and prayers. Thus, a patient with visual hallucinosis noted that during a prayer “visions calmed down, left or started listening”. A patient with acoustical hallucinosis (“blasphemous” voices) considered them as manifestation of “dark powers”, fought them by appeal to the icon of the Mother of God. A patient with menacing acoustical hallucinations read Psalmbook, dawned on them a cross sign with “consecrated hand” (venerated to Sacred relics) and “locked” them in room corner. Ignoring spirituality, which is observed in psychiatry, is connected with incompatibility of representations based on science and belief; low level of religiousness among psychiatrists; underestimation of religion role in life of patients; lack of special knowledge of this area.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Indexing the etymological lexicographic systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Shyrokov ◽  
Iryna Ostapova ◽  
Kostyantyn Yakymenko
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
The Real ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Indexing the etymological lexicographic systemsThe main problems and directions for the development of the etymological lexicographic systems in the digital environment are studied. The formal conceptual model of the lexicographic system for fundamental academic Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (EDUL) is developed. The lexicographic structure of the EDUL individual elements are developed and described. The EDUL metalanguage was studied and described. The formal model and technology of the EDUL parsing are worked out. That made it possible to convert automatically the EDUL text into the lexicographic database, which corresponds to the conceptual model of the lexicographic system. The conceptual foundations of instrumental tool to form the etymological dictionaries are developed to create the Virtual Lexicographic Laboratory «Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language», which was implemented with a modern approach to the real lexicographic array of the EDUL. That allowed to form the database of the EDUL multilingual index (about 250 languages) in the automatic mode. This index is a basis of the seventh (final) volume of the EDUL. The possibility of applying the developed models to other etymological dictionaries are studied. The conceptual foundations for integration of the etymological lexicographic systems are discussed.

scholarly journals Expert prevention: concept, subject and object

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
Nataliya Filipenko ◽  
Oleksandr Snigeryov
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Expert Theory ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Specific Expertise

This article analyzes the conceptual foundations, views and ideas on understanding the essence of expert prevention. Essence of expert prevention lies in the influence of relevant subjects on crime through the use of specific expertise. That means that subject of forensic examination of each kind and type should be attributed to the study of circumstances on the basis of which scientific, organizational and technical measures of a preventive nature can and should be developed. The empirical prerequisites for the emergence and development of forensic research have been investigated: accumulation of empirical facts in the theory of forensic science and other sciences, manifestation of integration processes. Formation of theoretical and applied foundations of private theory of expert prevention. The concept and structure of the private theory of expert prevention, its place and role in the theory of forensic science and judicial examination are considered. It is noted that the study of the current state of the theory and practice of private expert theory has allowed to establish that it has a common beginning and justification. Private theory of expert prevention as a system of interconnectedness includes: idea, principles, great empirical material, which is the cornerstone of the theory, general and specific tasks, functions and goals of the theory, etc. On the basis of the conducted analysis it is proved that the principles of a systematic approach and construction, which provide its structure, connection with the general theory of forensic examination and the general theory of criminology, a combination of theoretical and applied (practical) researches serve as a justification for the creation of a private theory of expert prevention. It is emphasized that the formation of the theory of expert prevention is the need to create this theory in order to successfully combat crime specific expertise using. The relation between the concepts of "general forensic theory" and "private theory of expert prevention" has been investigated, since ambiguity of both scientific understanding and practical application is one of the main problems that cannot be overcome in the forensic research of the phenomenon of expert prevention. appropriate conceptual categorical apparatus.

scholarly journals Explaining the legitimizing function of expert knowledge: how France got away with pain in farm animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Caby
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Learning Function ◽  
Policy Subsystem

AbstractScholars have long investigated connections between types of knowledge use and types of policy subsystem. Yet, most of them focus on the learning function of expert information. The legitimizing function of knowledge—when expertise serves as a substitute for decision (Boswell in J Eur Public Policy 15(4):471–488, 2008)—has attracted less attention. An empirically validated explanation of this function is still missing. This article tests existing hypotheses regarding which features of the subsystem are conducive to the legitimizing function. The demonstration rests upon a case study: France’s Ministry of Agriculture’s commissioning of INRA to carry out a systematic literature review on pain in farm animals. Two types of factors are involved in the legitimizing function of knowledge: environmental mechanisms (an adversarial policy subsystem, concentration of policy authority) and relational mechanisms (coalitions displaying epistemic uncertainty and exerting pressures on the source of policy authority, a policy broker mitigating the conflict between the two coalitions).

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