Estimation of urinary delta aminolevulinic acid levels in gasoline and petrol pump workers as an index of lead exposure

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Sachin Patharkar ◽  
Neelam Patil ◽  
Siddhesh Thorat ◽  
Alka Nerurkar ◽  
Umesh Shinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Urinary Ala ◽  
Petrol Pump

Lead poisoning is a phenomenon which with growing globalization is being a subject of worry.ALA i.e Amino levulinic acid is a precursor of hemoglobin, which is synthesized in mitochondria by two main components succinyl Co-A and glycine in presence of ALA-S i.e. amino levulinic acid-synthase. Urinary ALA (ALA-U) has been a recommended biomarker for lead exposure. Inhibition of Amino levulinic acid-dehydratase (ALA-D) results into activation of ALA-S which further synthesizes ALA, excess of ALA is accumulated in the blood, plasma, urine. Present manuscript is focused on the estimation of levels of ALA in the urine of gasoline and pertol pump workers, by acidifying the urine to extract out ALA and reading it colorimetrically as they are exposed to fumes released by gasoline, petrol, and petroleum products which contains lead. Awareness and safety measures such as protective masks and gears should be provided by the respective organisations to the workers.

scholarly journals Hematin administration to an adult with lead intoxication

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1011
Author(s):  
JM Lamon ◽  
BC Frykholm ◽  
DP Tschudy
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Acute Intermittent Porphyria ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Heme Metabolism ◽  
Urinary Ala

Lead poisoning and acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) may exhibit similar neurologic manifestations, and they have in common elevated excretion of urinary aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Despite their similarities, the possible pathophysiologic connection between AIP and lead poisoning in not known. Because intravenous hematin administration has produced biochemical improvement in AIP, a hematin trial in lead intoxication was of interest with respect to some of the heme metabolism abnormalities observed in the condition. Significant diminution of urinary ALA and coproporphyrin excretion occurred in association with intravenous hematin administration.

Use of Blood Lead and Erythrocyte θ-Amino Levulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity to Detect Lead Exposure of Fish Populations

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
P V Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid ◽  
Dehydratase Activity

The measurement of blood lead concentrations and inhibition of erythrocyte θ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase activity (ALA-D) has been used successfully to diagnose lead exposure in human populations. While blood lead is one of the best indicators of lead exposure, its measurement is expensive, time consuming, subject to bias through contamination and requires highly skilled personnel. The advantages of assaying ALA-D activity are those of cost, speed, sample size and simplicity. Since most organisms possess this enzyme in a variety of tissues, and since its activity is inhibited only by lead, there is potentially a large variety of aquatic species that may be used to monitor “biologically available” lead in aquatic ecosystems. Sessile and migratory species could integrate short-term fluctuations in waterborne lead and provide data on spatial and temporal variations. Fish are convenient organisms to sample and fish blood is a particularly rich source of ALA-D. Laboratory experiments have defined the optimum conditions for blood sampling and assaying ALA-D activity as well as the strong negative correlation between blood lead concentrations and ALA-D activity and between waterborne lead concentrations and ALA-D activity. Other toxic metals (e.g. Cu, Hg, Zn, Cd) and PCB's do not inhibit ALA-D, and factors that increase lead toxicity (e.g. decreased environmental pH) also increase lead uptake and the inhibition of ALA-D. Consequently, ALA-D activity provides a measure of both exposure and effect. Species variation in rates of lead uptake allows a selection of a suitable monitoring species for a given, situation. Preliminary surveys of Lake Ontario fish populations indicate that monitoring of ALA-D activity is technically simple and straightforward, the assay is much cheaper and faster than blood lead or whole body lead analyses, and activity is correlated to other measures of lead in fish.

Isolation and Synthesis of New Bile Pigments Possibly Related to the Biosynthesis of the Phycocyanin Chromophore

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Benedikt Lüönd ◽  
Hans-Peter Köst ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Cyanidium Caldarium ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

Abstract After incubation with 5-aminolevulinic acid and cysteine or 5-amino-levulinic acid and glutathione, Cyanidium caldarium excreted two new bile pigments 1 and 2. Their structures are identified by spectroscopical methods. By chemical addition of cysteine, glutathione and hydrogen sulfide to the ethyliden double bond of E-phycocyanobilin, the bile pigments 3-6 were obtained.

scholarly journals Heme biosynthesis depends on previously unrecognized acquisition of iron-sulfur cofactors in human amino-levulinic acid dehydratase

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Debangsu Sil ◽  
Nunziata Maio ◽  
Wing-Hang Tong ◽  
J. Martin Bollinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Heme Biosynthesis ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

AbstractHeme biosynthesis and iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biogenesis are two major mammalian metabolic pathways that require iron. It has long been known that these two pathways interconnect, but the previously described interactions do not fully explain why heme biosynthesis depends on intact ISC biogenesis. Herein we identify a previously unrecognized connection between these two pathways through our discovery that human aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), which catalyzes the second step of heme biosynthesis, is an Fe-S protein. We find that several highly conserved cysteines and an Ala306-Phe307-Arg308 motif of human ALAD are important for [Fe4S4] cluster acquisition and coordination. The enzymatic activity of human ALAD is greatly reduced upon loss of its Fe-S cluster, which results in reduced heme biosynthesis in human cells. As ALAD provides an early Fe-S-dependent checkpoint in the heme biosynthetic pathway, our findings help explain why heme biosynthesis depends on intact ISC biogenesis.

scholarly journals Hematin administration to an adult with lead intoxication

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Lamon ◽  
BC Frykholm ◽  
DP Tschudy
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Acute Intermittent Porphyria ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Heme Metabolism ◽  
Urinary Ala

Abstract Lead poisoning and acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) may exhibit similar neurologic manifestations, and they have in common elevated excretion of urinary aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Despite their similarities, the possible pathophysiologic connection between AIP and lead poisoning in not known. Because intravenous hematin administration has produced biochemical improvement in AIP, a hematin trial in lead intoxication was of interest with respect to some of the heme metabolism abnormalities observed in the condition. Significant diminution of urinary ALA and coproporphyrin excretion occurred in association with intravenous hematin administration.

scholarly journals Estimation of Urinary Delta Aminolevulinic Acid (δ-ALA) Levels in Students of Age Group 15 to 25 Years as an Index of Lead Exposure

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Sachin A. Patharkar ◽  
Suraj H. Jain ◽  
Alka V. Nerurkar ◽  
Neelam J. Patil ◽  
Pradeep N. Surve
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 15

Background: Lead poisoning is a serious and sometimes fatal condition. It occurs when lead builds up in the body. Students exposed to lead by eating junk foods wrapped in newspaper, the licking of fingers for turning the photocopies, book pages, printout etc. and use of same fingers for eating purpose. Additionally young population get exposed to lead by use of Kohl or Kajal eyeliners, some traditional ethnic medicines, time spent at firing ranges and some hobbies like wall paintings or jobs related to plumbing and soldering. Damage caused by lead poisoning cannot be reversed. Lead inhibits necessary enzymes required for heme synthesis, and this result in increased levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) excretion through urine. Aim: To Estimate the urinary δ-ALA levels in the students of age group 15 to 25 years as an index of lead exposure. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study in Mumbai from a suburban locality. Methodology: The study was done on 70 students of age group between 15 years and 25 years with their brief history related to lead exposure. Their urine samples were analyzed for δ-ALA by using Ehrlich reagent. Results: According to our observation, out of 70 students 46 student’s (65.71%)urine samples shown δ-ALA level  above reference level and remaining 24 (34.28%) were considered as below reference level. Conclusion: The prevalence of lead exposure among our study population is 65.71%. Clinical Significance: We conclude that there is high prevalence of lead exposure in students of age group 15 to 25 years in Mumbai and necessary precautions need to be taken to avoid detrimental effects of lead poisoning.

Photodynamic Therapy of Normal and Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries Using 5-Amino-Levulinic Acid

Circulation ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Nyamekye ◽  
Sandra Anglin ◽  
Jean McEwan ◽  
Alexander MacRobert ◽  
Stephen Bown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

scholarly journals 5-amino levulinic acid inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Yasuteru Sakurai ◽  
Mya Myat Ngwe Tun ◽  
Yohei Kurosaki ◽  
Takaya Sakura ◽  
Daniel Ken Inaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN PROPLASTIDS DURING PHOTODESTRUCTION OF PIGMENTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Klein ◽  
Lawrence Bogorad
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Prolamellar Body ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Lamellar Structures ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid ◽  
Stroma Lamellae ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Bean Leaves

Etiolated bean leaves supplied δ-amino-levulinic acid in the dark synthesize large amounts of protochlorophyllide which is not converted to chlorophyllide upon illumination of the leaves. The fine structure of the proplastids is not affected by the treatment. When leaves containing "inactive" protochlorophyllide are exposed to light of 700 ft-c for 3 hours, they lose practically all their green pigments. During this period large stacks of closed membrane structures are built up in the region of the prolamellar body. These lamellar structures remain even when no or only traces of pigment are left in the leaves. In untreated control leaves the pigment content remained constant during similar illumination and the structural changes in the plastids consisted of a rearrangement of the vesicles from the prolamellar bodies into strands dispersed through the stroma; lamellae and grana formation occurred later.

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