scholarly journals Hypomenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls as a result of reproductive dysfunction in their mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
V.V. Artyomenko ◽  
N.M. Nastradina ◽  
K.O. Nitochko ◽  
M.A. Altyieva
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
Adolescent Gynecology

In recent years in Ukraine and in the world there has been a clear tendency towards deterioration in the indicators of the somatic health of children and adolescents, that is negatively affects the processes of reproductive health formation and it state in the future. Concern for adolescent girl's health, including their reproductive system, forms an enormous contribution to the society future. That's why big attention is paid to the formation and saving reproductive health of adolescent girls. The period of sexual development is defining in a woman's life and is considered a key moment on the path of reproductive maturity. Today it has been established that the reproductive health formation is influenced by environmental, socio-economic factors and the presence of somatic diseases. Despite the fact that the pathogenetic mechanisms of the reproductive system formation are extremely complex and sensitive to the effects of negative factors, the appearance of destructive factors at this time can disrupt the physiological chain of functioning of the hormonal mechanisms which regulate the reproductive system. Disorders of the menstrual cycle is one of the most common pathological conditions, combining pathogenetically different diseases, which are manifested by a violation of the menstrual duration and frequency, amount of menstrual flow. According to domestic literature, hypomenstrual syndrome (oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea) is in the first place among menstrual dysfunctions in adolescent girls in the structure of gynecological morbidity and is up to 45%. Menstrual irregularities that occur during adolescence often persist into the future, causing infertility, obstetric pathology, perinatal loss and other reproductive health problems during childbearing years. The problem of the menstrual cycle formation has been little studied, but it is socially significant, very relevant and requires further study.Thus, girls with menstrual disorders constitute a group of increased risk of gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age, since many chronic diseases of adults are a protracted pathology of adolescents. Therefore, adolescent girls should be examined and treated by a specialist in pediatric and adolescent gynecology, pediatric endocrinologist, pediatrician and family doctor.

scholarly journals Situation analysis for delivering integrated comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services for displaced population of Kasaï, Democratic Republic of Congo: Protocol for a mixed method study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242046
Author(s):  
Jacques B. O. Emina ◽  
Parfait Gahungu ◽  
Francis Iyese ◽  
Rinelle Etinkum ◽  
Brigitte Kini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Republic Of Congo

Introduction Delivering integrated sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in emergencies is important in order to save lives of the most vulnerable as well as to combat poverty, reduce inequities and social injustice. More than 60% of preventable maternal deaths occur in conflict areas and especially among the internally displaced persons (IDP). Between 2016 and 2018, unprecedented violence erupted in the Kasaï’s region, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), called the Kamuina Nsapu Insurgency. During that period, an estimated three million of adolescent girls and women were forced to flee; and have faced growing threat to their health, safety, security, and well-being including significant sexual and reproductive health challenges. Between August 2016 and May 2017, the “Sous-Cluster sur les violences basées sur le genre (SC-VBG)” in DRC (2017) reported 1,429 Gender Based Violence (GBV) incidents in the 49 service delivery points in the provinces of Kasaï, Kasaï Central and Kasaï Oriental. Rape cases represented 79% of reported incidents whereas sexual assault and forced marriage accounted for respectively 11% and 4% of Gender Based Violence (GBV) among women and adolescent girls. This study aims to assess the availability of SRHS in the displaced camps in Kasaï; to evaluate the SRHS needs of young girls and women in the reproductive age (12–49). Studies of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have often included adolescent girls under the age of 15 because of high prevalence of child marriage and early onset of childbearing, especially in the humanitarian context. According to the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), about 16% of surveyed women got married by age 14 while the prevalence of early child marriage (marriage by 15) was estimated at 30%; to assess the use of SRHS services and identify barriers as well as challenges for SRH service delivery and use. Findings from this study will help provide evidence to inform towards more needs-based and responsive SRH service delivery. This is hoped for ultimately improve the quality and effectiveness of services, when considering service delivery and response in humanitarian settings. Data and methods We will conduct a mixed-methods study design, which will combine quantitative and qualitative approaches. Based on the estimation of the sample size, quantitative data will be drawn from the community-based survey (500 women of reproductive age per site) and health facility assessments will include assessments of 45 health facilities and 135 health providers’ interviews. Qualitative data will comprise materials from 30 Key Informant Interviews (KII) and 24 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which are believed to achieve the needed saturation levels. Data analysis will include thematic and content analysis for the KIIs and FGDs using ATLAS.ti software for the qualitative arm. For the quantitative arm, data analysis will combine frequency and bivariate chi-square analysis, coupled with multi-level regression models, using Stata 15 software. Statistic differences will be established at the significance level of 0.05. We submitted this protocol to the national ethical committee of the ministry of health in September 2019 and it was approved in January 2020. It needs further approval from the Scientific Oversee Committee (SOC) and the Provincial Ministry of Health. Prior to data collection, informed consents will be obtained from all respondents.

Infecundity and Infertility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Thoma ◽  
Carie Cox ◽  
Jasmine Fledderjohann ◽  
Rudolph Kantum Adageba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Global Epidemiology

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health. Please check back later for the full article. Infertility remains a neglected area in sexual and reproductive health, yet its consequences are staggering. Infertility is estimated to impact about 15% (estimates range from 48 million to 180 million) of couples of reproductive age worldwide. It is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes, financial distress, severe social stigma, increased risk of domestic abuse, and marital instability. While men and women are equally likely to be infertile, women often bear the societal burden of infertility, particularly in societies where a woman’s identity and social value is closely tied to her ability to bear children. Despite these consequences, disparities in access to infertility treatment between low- and high-income populations persist, given the high cost and limited geographic availability of diagnostic services and assisted reproductive technologies. In addition, a significant proportion of infertility arises from preventable factors, such as smoking, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy-related infection or unsafe abortion, and environmental contaminants. Accordingly, programs that address the equitable prevention and treatment of infertility are not only in keeping with a reproductive rights perspective, but can also improve public health. However, progress on infertility as a global concern in the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights is stymied by challenges in understanding the global epidemiology of infertility, including its causes and determinants, barriers to accessing quality infertility care, and a lack of political will and attention to this issue. Tracking and measurement of infertility is highly complex, resulting in considerable ambiguity about its prevalence and stratification of reproduction globally. A renewed global focus on infertility epidemiology, risk factors, and access to and receipt of quality of care will support individuals in trying to reach their desired number and spacing of children and improve overall health and well-being.

New forms of employment and workers' health

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 936-950
Author(s):  
Eduard I. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Program Goal ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The Future

Globalization and digitalization give rise to a complex of problems of economics, sociology, and occupational health. The prevalence of precarious employment (PE) is growing. In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis, employment and social well-being have become acute. The study aims to review literature and essays on PE as a problem of occupational health and a new social determinant of workers' health. The author has made the analysis of documents from WHO, ILO, European Union, etc., scientific literature and essays on the problem of PE and its impact on somatic (including reproductive) health, mental health, and workers' social well-being. The legal bases of labor and health protection are considered. The informal economy, the terminology of forms of PE, and the ILO Convention No. 175 on part-time work and the Convention No. 177 on home work and the Decent Work Initiative were analyzed. The characteristics and prevalence of PE, examples of forms of work organization, affected groups of the population, and sectors of the economy are considered. Vulnerable groups are women (especially pregnant women), young and elderly workers, migrants, and the most unfavorable situation is in construction, agriculture, catering, tourism, etc., and much better in the public sector. PE and its impact on health are an essential topic in social epidemiology, and affective health problems are almost as severe as unemployment. PE is often associated with poor working conditions, physically demanding work and an increased risk of accidents, with young workers more often affected. The lack of confidence in keeping a job negatively affects mental health - the odds ratio is over 1.5. PE is associated with impaired reproductive behavior and reproductive health and the birth of children with low body weight. The features of home work, its pros, and cons are given. An analysis of employment from the standpoint of occupational health revealed the relationship between forms of employment and indicators of health and quality of life and made it possible to complete some generalizations and formulate the principles of work and health. The future of labor, new occupations, knowledge, and skills are considered. In the United Nations Development Program, Goal 8, Decent Work and Economic Growth, is to achieve full employment and decent work for all by 2030. PE is becoming more frequent; therefore, further data collection and research into its effects among new groups of workers is necessary. Soon, the digitalization of the economy and society will cause a paradigm shift in occupational health: the future of occupational health is the prevention of occupational diseases and work-related disorders.

Irregular menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age as part of metropolitan syndrome

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Elena N. Andreeva ◽  
Ekaterina V. Sheremetyeva
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychological Status

Life in a modern metropolis is not only an interesting and eventful life, but also a source of numerous features for human life: imperfect environmental conditions, dietary habits, sleep disturbances and circadian rhythms, changes in psychological status (stress, depression, aggression, apathy) and reproductive health problems, especially in women. As defined by the World Health Organization, reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not simply the absence of disease in all areas related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes. Life in a big city for a woman of the reproductive period is often accompanied by a violation of the menstrual and ovulatory function, which can be attributed to the symptoms of the megalopolis syndrome. Since the 1980s, the frequency of menstrual irregularities has increased by more than 7 times. The doctor clinician, to whom a woman of the reproductive period with an irregular menstrual cycle first turns, should not only draw up a plan for examining a woman and exclude the presence of endocrine-gynecological disorders, but also collect a detailed history, including physical status (for example, calculating body mass index, analyzing fluctuations weight), dietary habits, sports history, medication intake, first assess the role of the psychosomatic factor. The correct pathogenetic approach in this situation will determine the correct therapeutic tactics for managing a woman.

Evaluation of Medical and Social Factors Affecting Reproductive Health of Gipsy Women

10.12737/3325 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Каблукова ◽  
Yuliya Kablukova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
Increased Risk

Examination of literary sources on the state of reproductive health of Gipsy women showed that this ethnic group calls for closer attention on the part of health care professionals due to health problems typical for this group, conditioned by negative factors of their lifestyle and inadequate use of health care resources (especially in terms of preventive care). The women of Gipsy nationality who has reached the reproductive age are to be referred to a risk group due to possible negative birth outcomes, such as preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction of the fetus, small-for-gestational-age fetus. The majority of studies were conducted in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. No data on reproductive health of the Gipsy people was found in Russian literature. . Growing number of the Gipsies living in Russian territory makes the issue of studying health conditions of reproductive age women belonging to this ethnic group for the purpose of providing positive birth outcomes burning. Based on the studied data it is worth mentioning that the Gipsy women call for careful attention on the part of medical workers when receiving prenatal and postnatal help in respect of increased risk of a negative birth outcome.

scholarly journals Chronic Undernutrition and Food Insecurity Among Children and Adolescent Girls in Myanmar (P04-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lwin Mar Hlaing ◽  
Min Kyaw Htet ◽  
Michael Dibley ◽  
Htin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronic Undernutrition

Abstract Objectives Myanmar has recently conducted the first ever comprehensive nation-wide Micronutrient and Food Consumption Survey to provide the update and reliable data required for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of nutrition interventions. This abstract presents about data on anthropometric indicators and household food security. Methods The study was a nation-wide cross-sectional survey conducted from Nov 2017 to May 2018 in all 15 states/regions (SR) of Myanmar. Thirty clusters per SR (total 450 clusters) were selected by probability proportionate to size method. Simple random sampling was applied for selection of 60 households in each cluster, total 27,339 households were studied. Measurements of weight and height in 6–59 month children (n = 8959), 5–9 year children (n = 9000), 10–14 year (adolescent) girls (n = 919), reproductive age women (15–49 years) (n = 9027) and 15–49 year men (n = 9022) and household food security status were assessed. Results One third (33.2%) of households were suffering from food insecurity. Among children 6–59 months, 26.7% were stunted, 6.7% were wasted, 19.1% were underweight and 0.8% had overweight. In 5–9 year children, 22.1% were stunted, 14.6% had thinness and 3.3% had overweight; in adolescent girls, 24.2% were stunted, 18.8% had thinness and 5.5% had overweight. Higher rate of stunting rate was found in children and adolescent girls from food insecure households than those from food secure ones. Underweight was found in 14.3% and 19.7%; overweight in 22.9% and 11.4%; and obesity in 7.3% and 2% of women and men respectively. Conclusions Myanmar is facing both acute (>5% wasting) and chronic undernutrition (>20% stunting) as public health problems among preschool children. High burden of chronic undernutrition among these children may pose increased risk of overweight among adolescents and adult population. Although Myanmar is known as food secure at union level being an agricultural country, 1 in 3 households in the country is still food insecure and facing undernutrition from childhood to adolescent and adult. Coordinated efforts should be made to improve nutritional status of population such as improving agriculture and livestock sectors, promotion of essential health services including quality antenatal care, promotion of optimal infant and young child feeding and healthy dietary habits. Funding Sources Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports, WHO, UNICEF and World Bank group funded this nationwide survey. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Workplace factors and reproductive health: causation and occupational risks assessment

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Sergey A Babanov ◽  
Leonid A Strizhakov ◽  
Irina A Agarkova ◽  
Yuriy V Tezikov ◽  
Igor S Lipatov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Health Disorders

Background. Exposure to physical and chemical work-related hazards can lead to an impairment of reproductive function, gynecological diseases and a pregnancy course worsening. Aim to determine methods of prevention and treatment of occupational disorders of the reproductive system in women and men who deals with harmful labour conditions. Outcomes and methods. To write this review a search for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 2-15 years was conducted. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. Evaluation of a relationship and its degree between a reproductive system diseases and workplace conditions showed that women working in harmful conditions (class 3.1-3.3) had complications of pregnancy and childbirth disorders which were to a high or medium degree related to their labour conditions. Newborns’ health disorders were assessed as a category of very high degree relationships with the mother’s work. Thus the fact that maternal occupational risks induce a child’s health disorders can be considered as fundamentally proven. This study data showed that occupations of high risk of a reproductive health disorders include female workers who work in conditions of class 3 of the 2nd degree of harm. Conclusions. Obstetrician-gynecologists, occupational physicians who work as part of medical commissions for preliminary and periodic medical examinations as well as obstetrician-gynecologists who deals with women of reproductive age in women’s consultation clinic and reproductive health centers (including those planning childbearing) need to make decisions strictly according to legal and regulatory acts on health protection of employees who work under arduous and harmful labour conditions, and above all to consider on maintenance of their reproductive function.

scholarly journals Patterns and problems of menstruation among the adolescent school girls of Delhi: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2595
Author(s):  
Monika Singh ◽  
Om Prakash Rajoura ◽  
Raghavendra A. Honnakamble
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Girls

Background: Adolescence is the period of rapid physical growth, psychological and social changes. This period is marked by the onset of menarche in the girls. Menstruation is a natural biological process experienced by all adolescent girls and women in reproductive age. The menstrual cycle is characterized by variability in volume, pattern and regularity. Conversely, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common among adolescent girls. The objectives of the study were to determine patterns of menstruation, prevalence of menstrual disorders and hygienic practices during menstruation in the adolescent school girls.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 adolescent school girls of Delhi.Results: The mean age at menarche in the study subjects was 13.47±0.87 years. Average menstrual interval was days. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 76.1% of the girls, body ache was experienced by 64 (30.4%). Majority of girls 174 (82.8%) used sanitary pads as absorbent during cycle.Conclusions: Menstrual problems are frequent among adolescent girls. Dysmenorrhoea was the commonest problem among the adolescents. Adolescent girls withstand their pain and think it as a normal phenomenon. Educating students about menstrual health by health professionals and teachers can help in reducing their psychological and physical stress.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Intention, Ambivalence, and Contraceptive use in Community Health Center (CHC) Populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tishra Beeson ◽  
Jenna Kress ◽  
Janelle Wylie ◽  
Susan F. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Pregnancy Intention ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction: Understanding the complexity of pregnancy intentions and resulting behaviors is essential to ensuring high quality, patient-centered reproductive health services that meet the needs of women and their partners. Community Health Centers (CHCs) play an important role in providing family planning care for traditionally underserved women, who may be at increased risk of experiencing unintended pregnancy. This study presents emerging findings on pregnancy intentions, ambivalence, and contraceptive behaviors among patients in CHC settings. Methods: This study employed a national survey (n=1,557) of women of reproductive age (18-44 years), sampled from 19 different CHC sites. The survey gathered information on patient characteristics, experiences with care, decision-making criteria and utilization of contraceptive services. Pregnancy intention was measured using the One Key Question®. Results: Approximately 12% of women reported that they wanted to become pregnant in the next year, while 88% were not actively seeking to become pregnant. Nearly 30% of those who did not desire a pregnancy reported not using contraception at the time of the survey. 1-in-4 women were pregnancy ambivalent and used contraception at approximately the same rates as women seeking to become pregnant. Conclusions: Women who express pregnancy ambivalence use contraception at similar rates to those who intend to become pregnant in the next year, potentially increasing their risk for unintended pregnancy. Understanding the characteristics and behaviors of underserved patients across different pregnancy intentions may help ensure that women receive the information, services, and support they need to achieve their reproductive health goals. Keywords: pregnancy intentions, family planning, community health centers, CHC, One Key Question®

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