scholarly journals Prediction of Moisture Content Changes during Natural Drying of Forest Residues Using Load-cell-mounted Drying Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 3873
Author(s):  
Yun-Sung Choi ◽  
In-Seon Jeong ◽  
Min-Jae Cho ◽  
Ho-Seong Mun ◽  
Jae-Heun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Natural Drying

Economic implications of grinding, transporting, and pretreating fresh versus aged forest residues for biofuel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Zamora-Cristales ◽  
John Sessions ◽  
Gevan Marrs
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Forest Harvest ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
The Difference

The moisture content in forest harvest residues is a key factor affecting the supply cost for bioenergy production. Fresh harvest residues tend to contain higher amounts of water, thus making transportation inefficient. Additionally, fresh harvest residues contain greater amounts of needles and bark that may reduce the polysaccharide content, thus affecting the production of liquid fuels derived from cellulosic components. In this study, we estimated the downstream economic effect in the supply chain of collecting, grinding, transporting and pretreating fresh versus aged residues. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of feedstock moisture content on grinder fuel consumption, bulk density, bark and needle content, and polysaccharide proportion. Fresh forest harvest residues were 60% moisture content (wet basis) and aged forest residues were 15% moisture content. The bark and needle proportion is 6.1% higher in fresh residue than in aged residue. Polysaccharides were 26% higher in aged residue than in fresh residue. On a dry-tonne basis, the cost of grinding fresh residues was about the same as that of aged residues. However, considering the difference in bulk density on transportation cost and the difference in polysaccharide yield, the value gain for in-field drying ranges from US$29.60 to US$74.90 per ovendry tonne.

THE PENETRATION OF WATER VAPOR INTO WOOD

1930 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Pidgeon ◽  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Vapor Diffusion ◽  
Careful Control ◽  
Spring Balance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Natural Drying

The rate of diffusion of water vapor through wood has been studied through a comparison of the time taken for samples of various thickness to become saturated. This process is, in a sense, the converse of natural drying, and for comparative purposes is more amenable to careful control of pressure and temperature. Continuous measurements of the amount of adsorption were carried out by the use of a quartz spring balance completely enclosed in the apparatus at a constant vapor pressure.Comparative numerical values have been obtained of the rate of diffusion of water vapor through spruce (Picea canadensis) and pine (Pinus banxiana) in various directions, through heartwood and sapwood, and through samples of different lengths. The results are considered as evidence that the movement of water through wood at concentrations below the saturation point, takes place as vapor diffusion through the spaces of the wood structure due to the pressure gradient consequent on the difference of moisture content.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DE PODER CALORÍFICO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO PARA USO ENERGÉTICO DE RESÍDUOS DA COLHEITA E DO PROCESSAMENTO DE Pinus taeda

FLORESTA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Moura de Souza ◽  
Dimas Agostinho Silva ◽  
Roberto Rochadelli ◽  
Rosimeire Cavalcante dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Power Estimate ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar, mediante caracterização, o aproveitamento de resíduos florestais e madeireiros para fins energéticos. A obtenção dos materiais foi feita em uma empresa que realiza a colheita e o processamento da madeira de Pinus taeda L. situada no município de Tunas do Paraná, PR. Foram identificadas as fontes geradoras dos resíduos do processamento e procedeu-se à coleta dos materiais e do resíduo proveniente da colheita florestal. Os resíduos foram caracterizados de acordo com a umidade, poder calorífico, densidade e teores de carbono fixo e cinzas. Foi feito um ajuste de modelos matemáticos que pudessem expressar a relação entre umidade e poder calorífico para os materiais. As costaneiras e o resíduo da colheita apresentaram elevados teores de umidade e as costaneiras maior densidade e maior teor de carbono fixo. O teor de cinzas foi estatisticamente igual para todos os materiais. O poder calorífico superior se apresentou na faixa de 4.550 e 4.950 kcal/kg, e o poder calorífico útil (material úmido) para as costaneiras e os resíduos da colheita apresentou uma relevante queda, visto o elevado teor de umidade. O modelo de regressão selecionado pôde expressar em mais de 97% a relação entre poder calorífico e teor de umidade.Palavras-chave: Resíduos de madeira; uso energético; teor de umidade. AbstractCalorific Power estimate and characterization of residues from harvesting and processing of Pinus taeda for energy purposes. This study aimed to evaluate, by characterization, the use of forest and woody residues for energy purposes. The material was collected from a company engaged in wood harvesting and processing of Pinus taeda L., the sources of waste processing have been identified and  then it was collect the materials, as well as the residues from forest harvesting. The residues were characterized according to moisture, calorific value, density and levels that fixed carbon and ash. It was done a mathematical adjustment of models that could express the relation between moisture and caloric value for the materials. The slabs and crop residues presented high levels of humidity and the slabs had higher density and higher fixed carbon content. The ash content was statistically equal for all materials. The calorific value was between 4550 and 4950 kcal/kg; the useful calorific value for slabs and crop residues revealed an important decrease caused by high moisture content of these materials. The model of regression selected could express in more than 97% the relation between caloric value and of moisture content.Keywords: Forest residues; energetic use; moisture content.

scholarly journals Impact of Rainy and Dry Seasons on Eucalypt Fuelwood Quality Logs Stored in Piles

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto de Jesus Eufrade-Junior ◽  
Emanuel Rangel Spadim ◽  
Sérgio Augusto Rodrigues ◽  
Enzo Dal Pai ◽  
Adriano Wagner Ballarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Natural Drying ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The natural drying of fuelwood is a common practice to improve its quality and increase the efficiency in the biomass-based energy supply chain. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of seasons on the physical and chemical properties of wood logs stored in piles for energy purposes. The logs of Eucalyptus urophylla were stored in two periods of 160 days each throughout the year, autumn–winter (dry season) and spring–summer (rainy season). During the 320 days, the moisture content of wood and the weather parameters were measured daily. After the natural drying, the moisture content (wet basis) of wood reached 29.6%, and there was an increase of 47.6% in the low heating value (12.4 MJ kg-1 wet basis) after the storage in the autumn–winter, which is the most suitable period for air–drying of logs. The rainy storage reduced the higher heating value of wood, which suggested a biological degradation of biomass.

scholarly journals Design of Measurement of Coffee Seed Water Content Using Load Cell Sensor On Coffee Dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mistu Adi Putra ◽  
Amalia Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Coffee Seed ◽  
Seed Water Content ◽  
Bean Weight

The conventional method of drying coffee beans that depend on sunlight (drying) has a number of drawbacks, one of which is that the drying productivity takes a long time. In general, coffee drying is carried out until it reaches a moisture content of 12.5% to achieve a quality bean standard. Mathematically, the moisture content can be assessed by paying attention to the initial weight of the coffee beans and the final weight of the coffee beans. So that the use of the Load Cell sensor to read the depreciation value of the coffee bean weight on a coffee dryer powered by Hybrid Collector and LPG coffee beans. Research that has been carried out during 200 minutes of drying in a coffee dryer, the Load Cell sensor is able to read the depreciation value of the coffee bean weight by 114 grams from the initial weight of 978 grams. Therefore, it can be concluded that the final moisture content of coffee beans has reached 12.01% and the final weight of coffee beans is 864 grams.

scholarly journals Natural Drying and Chemical Characteristics of Hybrid Poplar Firewood Produced from Agricultural Bioenergy Buffers in Southern Québec, Canada

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Julien Fortier ◽  
Benoit Truax ◽  
Daniel Gagnon ◽  
France Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Natural Drying

Implementing bioenergy buffers on farmland using fast-growing tree species could reduce firewood harvest pressure in woodlots and increase forest connectivity, while improving carbon sequestration, phytoremediation, stream habitats, soil stabilization and hydrological regulation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the natural drying and chemical characteristics of hybrid poplar firewood produced from bioenergy buffers, and to compare these characteristics with those of native species harvested in adjacent woodlots. In Trial A, 110 cm-long unsplit logs (a feedstock for biomass furnaces) were produced to evaluate the effect of log diameter class on firewood quality. In this trial, hybrid poplar firewood characteristics were also compared with Populus tremuloides, Acer rubrum and Fraxinus americana. In Trial B, the effect of hybrid poplar genotype and cover treatment was evaluated on the moisture content of short split logs (40 cm long). Firewood of satisfactory quality was produced on a yearly cycle for short split logs, and on a biannual cycle for long unsplit logs. Covering short split log cords with metal sheeting lowered the final moisture content (from 20.7% to 17.3%) and reduced its variability, while genotype did not significantly affect final moisture content. In Trial A, larger-diameter logs from hybrid poplar had lower element concentrations, but slightly higher moisture content after two years. A two-fold variation in N concentration was observed between diameter classes, suggesting that burning larger poplar logs would minimize atmospheric N pollution. Heating value, carbon and calcium concentrations increased following the seasoning of hybrid poplar firewood. After the first seasoning year outdoors, hybrid poplar had the highest moisture content (33.1%) compared to native species (24.1–29.5%). However, after the second seasoning year in an unheated warehouse, the opposite was observed (14.3% for hybrid poplar vs. 15.0–21.5% for native species). Heating value, carbon and nitrogen concentrations were similar between tree species, while high phosphorus and base cation concentrations characterized hybrid poplar, suggesting higher ash production. Poplar bioenergy buffers could provide a complementary source of firewood for heating in the fall and in the spring, when the heat demand is lower than during cold winter months.

Strategies for Reducing Moisture Content in Forest Residues at the Harvest Site

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Raj Kizha ◽  
Han-Sup Han ◽  
Jeffrey Paulson ◽  
Anil Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Harvest Site

Abstract. The moisture content (MC) of biomass derived from forest residues can pose a challenge to biomass utilization. It plays a significant role in determining the cost of transportation and subsequent market price. Additionally, emerging biomass conversion technologies, such as gasification, torrefaction, and briquetting, have very narrow specifications for the MC (e.g., <15%) in their feedstocks. The goal of this study was to develop strategies for reducing moisture content by evaluating different arrangement patterns of forest residues and its effect on MC reduction at the harvest site. The study compared four different arrangement patterns including criss-cross, teepees, traditional piling (processor piled), and scattered residues in three different timber harvest units in northern California. Two of the arrangement patterns (criss-cross and processor piled) were also covered with a plastic cover. Samples were collected from each treatment using a transect method and were recorded for 12 months. There was an overall drop of MC from 52% (freshly cut) to 12% between all arrangements over the study period. The cost of construction per pile, averaged $37, $41, and $48 for teepees, criss-cross, and processor piles, respectively. Even though, there was no significant difference in MC reduction between piles (except scattered), each pile arrangement of forest residues directly affected biomass feedstock operations, logistics, and costs. Keywords: Feedstock quality, Logging slash, Transect sampling method, Woody biomass energy.

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