scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DE FITOMASSA DE REBROTAS DE SORGO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM-PAIAGUÁS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
ALLAN HISASHI NAKAO ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
VIVIANE CRISTINA MODESTO ◽  
ISABÔ MELINA PASCOALOTO ◽  
DEYVISON DE ASEVEDO SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sorghum Grain

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de matéria seca e verificar o acúmulo denutrientes das rebrotas do sorgo granífero ou dupla aptidão consorciados ou não com capim-paiaguás, com ou sema inoculação por Azospirillum brasilense, para continuidade do sistema plantio direto no Cerrado, após colheita paraensilagem. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp) - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi emesquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por dois anos de cultivo (2015 e2016); em cultivo exclusivo (solteiro) dos sorgos (granífero ou dupla aptidão) ou em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás,com ou sem a inoculação das sementes de sorgo com a bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense. O aproveitamentoda rebrota do sorgo granífero ou de dupla aptidão, principalmente em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás, apresentou-seviável na produção de palhada remanescente no período de entressafra, pela maior produtividade de matéria seca, commaior acúmulo de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Decomposição, integração lavoura-pecuária, Urochloa brizantha, plantio direto.PHYTOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGHUM INTERCROPPEDWITH PAIAGUÁS GRASSABSTRACT: This study objectified to evaluate the dry matter productive performance and to verify the nutrientaccumulation of sorghum regrowths with or without Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (paiaguás grass)intercropped, and with or without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, for the continuity of the no-tillage system in theCerrado, after harvesting for ensiling. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farmof the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MatoGrosso do Sul State. The experimental design used a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments weretwo years of cultivation (2015 and 2016) and two different seeding arrangements of sorghum (grain or dual aptitude),monocropped or intercropped with paiaguás grass, with or without inoculation of sorghum seeds with Azospirillumbrasilense. The use of regrowth of both sorghum types (grain sorghum or dual aptitude), mainly intercropped withpaiaguás grass, was viable for the production of remaining straw in the off-season period, due to the higher productivityof dry matter, with greater accumulation of nutrients.Keywords: Decomposition, crop-livestock integration, Urochloa brizantha, no-tillage.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TIME OF GLYPHOSATE APPLICATION IN THE CONTROL OF BRACHIARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Hugo Marcus Fialho e Moraes ◽  
Wendel Magno de Souza ◽  
Rodrigo Magalhães Faria ◽  
Lino Roberto Ferreira ◽  
Christiano da Conceição de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The no-tillage system is considered an important tool for sustainable production. In this system, the burndown of brachiaria is usually performed with the application of systemic herbicides, such as glyphosate. As a result of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity and winds), the timing of spraying can directly interfere in the control efficiency. Therefore, the objective was to study different times of application of glyphosate in the control efficiency of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The glyphosate was applied in the morning, afternoon and evening, at doses of 0; 360; 720; 1080; 1440 and 2160 g a.e. ha-1. To analyse the efficiency of U. brizantha burndown, the phytotoxicity was evaluated at 21 days after application. At 42 after application a mowing was done and 90 days after mowing, the dry matter accumulation and the Leaf Area Index of regrowth were determined. The best control results of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu were obtained in the applications of glyphosate during the morning and afternoon. Evening applications of glyphosate should be avoided.

scholarly journals Yield and Production Components of Corn Under Straw of Marandu Palisade Grass Inoculated With Azospirillum brasilense in the Low-Land Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Cristina Modesto ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti ◽  
Allan Hisashi Nakao ◽  
Deyvison de Asevedo Soares ◽  
Leonardo de Lima Froio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Tillage System

The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria combined with Integrated Agricultural Production Systems (IAPS) has resulted in productivity increases in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of inoculating or not inoculating Azospirillum brasilense on corn and palisade grass seeds (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) on growth, yield components, and dry matter yield of the aerial part and grains in an Oxisol cropped in ICLS and under a no-tillage system for 12 years in an irrigated area. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were composed of corn (monoculture) with inoculated seed, corn (monoculture) without inoculated seed, corn + palisade grass (intercropping) without inoculation, corn + palisade grass (intercropping) with inoculation in both seeds, corn + palisade grass (intercropping) with inoculation of corn seeds, and corn + palisade grass (intercropping) with inoculation of grass seeds. At the end of each production cycle, the yield and components of corn, corn straw biomass, and dry matter of palisade grass were evaluated. Considering the optimal conditions of soil provided by liming and fertilization at sowing and nitrogen applied in topdressing, the application of A. brasilense in corn seeds did not show its potential. Intercropped systems inoculated or not with A. brasilense on corn seeds increase grain yield, dry matter production of grass, and nutrient accumulation in the straw, providing greater sustainability to the Cerrado no-tillage system.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSION OF Urochloa brizantha AND U. ruziziensis BY GLYPHOSATE UNDERDOSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
SUZETE FERNANDES LIMA ◽  
LEANDRO SPÍNDOLA PEREIRA ◽  
GUSTAVO DORNELES DE SOUSA ◽  
GUSTAVO SILVA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ADRIANO JAKELAITIS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT Intercropping of Urochloa species with corn is an alternative to enable the no-tillage system, besides influencing weed community. Therefore, the investigation of underdoses of the herbicide glyphosate to manage grasses in intercropping systems, avoid grain yield losses, and make feasible intercropping in agricultural areas is important. This study aimed to evaluate glyphosate underdoses in the suppression of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Urochloa ruziziensis and weed control. Two tests were conducted under field conditions in a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1.080 g a.e. ha−1). All treatments received a dose of 1.200 g a.i. ha−1 of atrazine. Evaluations of phytointoxication of brachiaria plants were carried out at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. Moreover, total dry matter, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, leaf to stem ratio, and canopy height of brachiaria plants and density and dry matter production of weed community were evaluated at 80 and 125 days after sowing. Glyphosate underdoses lower than 238 and 105 g a.e. ha−1 have potential to be investigated aiming at the management of U. brizantha cv. Marandu and U. ruziziensis, respectively.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with Different Dry Matter Concentrations: Effect on the Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy, Crude Nutrients and Minerals in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Reinhard Puntigam ◽  
Julia Slama ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
Karin Leitner ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study investigated the effects of sorghum ensiled as whole grains with different dry matter concentrations on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, crude nutrients and minerals in growing pigs. Whole grain sorghum batches with varying dry matter (DM) concentrations of 701 (S1), 738 (S2) and 809 g kg−1 (S3) due to different dates of harvest from the same arable plot, were stored in air-tight kegs (6 L) for 6 months to ensure complete fermentation. Subsequently, 9 crossbred barrows (34.6 ± 1.8 kg; (Duroc x Landrace) × Piétrain)) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment. Diets were based on the respective sorghum grain silage and were supplemented with additional amino acids, minerals and vitamins to meet or exceed published feeding recommendations for growing pigs. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen-free extracts, and crude ash were higher in S1 compared to S3 treatments (p ≤ 0.05), while S2 was intermediate. Pigs fed S1 showed significantly higher ATTD of phosphorus (P) compared to all other groups while ATTD of calcium was unaffected irrespective of the feeding regime. In conclusion, growing pigs used whole grain sorghum fermented with a DM concentration of 701 g kg−1 (S1) most efficiently. In particular, the addition of inorganic P could have been reduced by 0.39 g kg−1 DM when using this silage compared to the variant with the highest DM value (809 g kg−1).

scholarly journals In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions. 

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Viability of Wheat with Forms of Application and Doses of Boron

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽  
Willian L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in grains production system in Brazil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of forms of application and doses of boron in irrigated wheat grain yield evaluating the economic terms in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in no-tillage system in an Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme: four doses of boron (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) with boric acid source (B = 17%); and three apllication forms: a) in desiccation of the predecessor straw, together with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing, in soil along with the formulated fertilization seeding and c) via leaf tissue with the application of post emergent herbicide. The application of 2 kg ha-1 provides greater grain yields, but the highest economic return was obtained at the dose of 1 kg ha-1, with application in soil, ensuring profitability from production of irrigated wheat in the Cerrado.

scholarly journals Resistance to Glyphosate in Populations of Digitaria insularis

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. COSTA ◽  
G. MORATELLI ◽  
S.D. FERREIRA ◽  
A.C. SALVALAGGIO ◽  
A.C.P. RODRIGUES-COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: The intensive use of glyphosate can select resistant populations. This study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of glyphosate resistance in populations of D. insularis in agricultural areas. Three experiments were conducted in randomized block experimental design with four replications. The Resistance Degree (RD) was determined by a dose-response curve in the evaluated populations: Experiment 2012, São Camilo (R01 and R02) and Palotina (R03, R04 and S05-susceptible); Experiment 2013 Palotina (R06 and R12), Katueté/Paraguay (R07), Toledo (R08 and R10), Cascavel (R09), São Miguel do Iguaçu (R11), Dom Eliseu/Pará (S13-susceptible); Experiment 2015 Nova Aurora (R14), Iracema do Oeste (R15 and R16), Jesuitas (R17 and R18), Tupãssi (R19), Jotaesse (R20), Espigão Azul (R21) and Palmitopolis (S22- susceptible). In 2012, it was possible to confirm a moderate resistance (RD = 1.1 to 5.0) only in R03; and populations R01, R02 and R04 were highly resistant (RD>5.0). In 2013, populations R09, R10, R11 and R12 showed resistance, while R06, R07 and R08 were highly resistant. In 2015, the R14, R16, R18, R19 and R20 populations showed moderateresistance, and R15 and R18 were highly resistant. Only R21 was susceptible. It was found that 83% of producers use the no-tillage system, 100% use the succession soybean/corn with 90% transgenic varieties, 45% of producers cannot explain the procedure regulation/sprayer calibration. Around 62% use practices to prevent the selection of resistant biotypes. Resistance was confirmed in 89.5% of the populations. The adopted agronomic practices may explain these results.

scholarly journals Soil compaction and cover with black oat on soybean grain yield in lowland under no-tillage system

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Alison Machado Fontinelli ◽  
Lucas Santos da Silva ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Matheus Martins Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Surface Residue ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Winter Fallow

ABSTRACT: Brazil is the largest exporter and second largest producer of soybean grains. Most of this production is from plants grown under no-tillage system (NT). This research evaluated the effect of soil compaction, and different amounts of black oat residues on the soil surface on soybean growth and grain yield in lowland under NT. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications, in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of: 1) winter fallow without soil compaction (WF); 2) winter fallow with soil compaction (WF-C); 3) black oats and complete removal of surface residues, with soil compaction (0R-C); 4) black oats and removal half of surface residues, with soil compaction (0.5R-C); 5) black oats without surface residue removal, with soil compaction (1R-C); 6) black oats without surface residue removal, plus the residues from treatment 3, with soil compaction (2R-C); 7) black oats without surface residue removal, without soil compaction (1R). When the soybean plants were at the phenological stage R2, they were evaluated nodule, root and shoot dry matter, nitrogen contents, plant height, and grain yield. The soil physical properties were evaluated in the 0.0-0.05, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m layers. The soybean aerial dry matter is > 38% in non-compacted soil in year with soil water excess, regardless of the amount of surface oat straw. In year with small water deficit, soil with more surface oat straw produced > 5% shoot dry matter and > 4% of soybean grain, regardless of compaction. The plant growth and grain yield soybean in lowland varied according to the water conditions, and were affected by soil compaction and amounts of black oats residues on soil surface.

scholarly journals Surface applied lime dynamics and base saturation index in a consolidated no-tillage area

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Diego Bortolini ◽  
Luís César Cassol ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva ◽  
Cristiam Bosi ◽  
Kassiano Felipe Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Tillage System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of chemical properties and crop yields during five years after liming, in a consolidated no-tillage system area and indicate a base saturation index to serve as a criterion for recommendation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions, being the treatments the five lime doses (0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2 and 9.6 Mg ha-1) applied and maintained on the soil surface. Soil chemical properties were evaluated in eight soil sampling, in the layers 0 to 0.025; 0.025 to 0.05; 0.05 to 0.10; 0.10 to 0.15; 0.15 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, besides crop grain yield (wheat, soybean and corn) and black oat dry matter yield, totaling five years of evaluation. The surface liming in no-tillage system increased the exchangeable magnesium and calcium contents, base saturation and soil pH and reduced the exchangeable aluminum content. The cumulative grain yield (six crops) and black oat dry matter yield (three crops) was not influenced by liming. These results suggested, from this study conditions, that the value of 50% of base saturation should be adopted as a criterion for liming for crops implanted under consolidated no-tillage systems.

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