​Association of ISSR and ISSR-RGA Markers with Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Mungbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Tantasawat ◽  
O. Poolsawat ◽  
C. Kativat ◽  
K. Arsakit ◽  
P. Papan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Powdery mildew (PM) possesses a wide range of host plants, including mungbean that causes severe yield reductions. Using resistant varieties is an economically and environmentally effective approach in controlling the disease. Methods: In this study, the genetic basis of inheritance and marker loci for PM resistance were investigated using 126 F2:9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) raised from resistant and susceptible parents, V4785 and CN72, respectively. PM reaction in these RILs was visually scored from natural infection in the field and the segregation pattern was determined by the chi-square test (χ2). Result: The results revealed the segregation ration of 1:1, indicative of a dominantly inherited resistance gene controlling resistance against PM in V4785. Observation of potential polymorphism in two parents and two different bulks, each containing 10 RIL individuals showing either the highest resistance or susceptibility, identified 2 and 37 putatively linked inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and ISSR-anchored resistance gene analog (ISSR-RGA) markers, respectively. Of these, 1 ISSR and 3 ISSR-RGA markers were stably inherited and linked to PM resistance (P less than 0.01). These linked marker systems may prove useful for facilitating the improvement of a durable resistant variety through marker-assisted selection in mungbean breeding programs.

scholarly journals Familiarity of Iranian M.A. Translation Students with ICT Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Ict Tools

Familiarity with information and communication technology (ICT) is of great importance to the translation students because it allows the students to make use of a wide range of ICT tools. The present study investigated the degree of students’ familiarity with ICT tools employed to support ICT related activities included in the translator’s workstation. To do this, a questionnaire encompassing 24 questions was designed on the basis of translation activities proposed by Fulford and Granell-Zafar (2005), including information search and retrieval, communications, and marketing and work procurement. The results indicated the high familiarity of the M.A. translation students with general-purpose software application, namely online dictionaries and internet search engines, and the lower than the average familiarity of them with specific-purpose software, such as FTP and MUDs. Furthermore, chi-square test (X²) was run to see whether there is a significant relationship between each type of ICT tools and the participants. The results illustrated that the relationships between the M.A. translation students and some ICT applications, including internet search engines, web browsers, online dictionaries and encyclopedia, IRC, and MUDs, were significant; whereas, it was not significant between the other types of ICT software and students. This includes online translation marketplaces, internet forums, email, instant messaging, video chat, discussion mailing lists, talkers, and FTP.

scholarly journals Natural infection of Lymnaea truncatula by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in the Porma Basin, León, NW Spain

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Manga-Gonzalez ◽  
C. Gonzalez-Lanza ◽  
C. B. Otero-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Lymnaea Truncatula ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACTFor two years fortnightly malacological samplings were carried out to collect Lymnaea truncatula (Mollusca; Basommatophora) at five points in the upper and middle Porma river basin, León, Spain. The highest numbers of snails were collected in September, May and November. Of the 5486 molluscs examined, 11·41% harboured F. hepatica (Trematoda; Digenea) with an average intensity of 20·14. In general, the values of both infection prevalence and intensity increased with the size of the snails. It was in October when the highest figures for each parameter mentioned above were detected (18·73% and 28·48, respectively). The chi-square test showed statistically significant differences in relation to the infection prevalence among the groups of molluscs established according to: their length; the months in which they were collected; the sampling localities; monthly average ambient temperature; precipitation during the collection. Similarly, statistically significant differences were detected in the intensity of the infection among the groups of molluscs previously established, except for that based on the values of precipitation. Generally, parasites were found in the same snail at different stages of development. It seems that most mollusc infections occur in February–March and at the end of summer–beginning of autumn periods. The highest rate of rediae with mature cercariae ready to be shed were detected between September and December. Metacercariae in the grass samples were also observed at the end of autumn. For this reason, this period could be considered as the most suitable for infection of the definitive hosts to take place.

122 INTRACELLULAR ICE FORMATION IN VITRIFIED MOUSE MORULAE DURING WARMING

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jin ◽  
K. Kusanagi ◽  
M. Ueda ◽  
K. Edashige ◽  
M. Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intracellular Ice Formation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intracellular Ice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type Of Injury

Vitrification is an ice-free cryopreservation method. However, ice can form during warming if the concentration of cryoprotectant is insufficient. For the best use of vitrified embryos, it is important to know the condition in which intracellular ice (ICI) is formed, since ICI is fatal to the cell. So, we tried to estimate the conditions in which ICI forms in vitrified embryos during warming. Compacted morulae were obtained from ICR mice. Vitrification solutions were prepared by diluting ethylene glycol (EG) with FS solution (PB1 medium containing 30% Ficoll and 0.5 M sucrose) at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (EFS10, EFS20, EFS30, EFS40, and EFS50, respectively). Morulae were treated with the solutions for 30, 60, or 120 s at 25�C, loaded in a straw, and vitrified using liquid nitrogen. The sample was warmed by various methods. The survival of embryos was assessed by their ability to develop to expanded blastocysts in culture. The difference in survival was analyzed by the chi-square test. In addition, the morphology of damaged embryos was examined to estimate the type of injury. It was confirmed that 20% or more EG was necessary to prevent the formation of extracellular ice during cooling without embryos. In the rapid warming protocol (control), in which vitrified samples were directly immersed in 25�C water, high embryonic survival was obtained with EFS30 (79–88%) and EFS40 (96–99%), but not with EFS20 (12–45%) and EFS50 (0–14%). This suggests that embryos vitrified with EFS20 were injured by ICI, whereas those vitrified with EFS50 were injured by the chemical toxicity of the solution. When embryos vitrified with EFS30 and EFS40 were warmed slowly by holding the straw in air at 25�C for 120 s, the survival rate decreased significantly (44–64%), probably because the cytoplasm of the embryos that had vitrified in a state of supercooling devitrified during slow warming. To estimate the condition in which ICI forms, embryos vitrified with EFS30 and EFS40 were kept at intermediate temperatures for various times before being warmed in 25�C water. Compared with control, survival rates decreased significantly by keeping samples for 3 min at -80�C (27–65%), -60�C (16–39%), -40�C (6–26%), or -20�C (33–46%). These results suggest that ICI forms at a wide range of temperatures between -80�C and -20�C, but more likely forms at temperatures between -60�C and -40�C. When the holding time was prolonged to 1 h and 24 h, the survival decreased further (0–58% and 0–14%, respectively). This shows that ICI forms not only quickly but also slowly at an intermediate temperature. From the morphological examination, embryos that should be injured by ICI swelled at recovery in PB1 medium and collapsed in culture, whereas those that should be injured by the toxicity of solution underwent decompaction after culture. This observation reinforces our supposition that slowly warmed embryos are injured by ICI.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat Cultivar Mv Hombár is Conferred by a New Gene, PmHo

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1326-1334
Author(s):  
Judit Komáromi ◽  
Tünde Jankovics ◽  
Attila Fábián ◽  
Katalin Puskás ◽  
Zengyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Microscopic Studies

A new powdery mildew resistance gene designated as PmHo was identified in ‘Mv Hombár’ winter wheat, bred in Martonvásár, Hungary. It has exhibited a high level of resistance over the last two decades. Genetic mapping of recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross ‘Ukrainka’/Mv Hombár located this gene on chromosome 2AL. The segregation ratio and consistent effect in all environments indicated that PmHo is a major dominant powdery mildew resistance gene. The race-specific nature of resistance in Mv Hombár was shown by the emergence of a single virulent pathotype designated as 51-Ho. This pathotype was, to some extent, able to infect Mv Hombár, developing visible symptoms with sporulating colonies. Microscopic studies revealed that, in incompatible interactions, posthaustorial hypersensitivity reaction was the most prevalent but not exclusive plant defense response in Mv Hombár, and fungal growth was mostly arrested during haustorium formation or in the early stages of colony development. The delayed fungal development of the virulent pathotype 51-Ho may be explained by additional effects of other loci that were also involved in the powdery mildew resistance of Mv Hombár.

The effect of methadone maintenance therapy on harm minimization between opiate dependents in socio behavioral consulting centers

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
A. Kheradmand ◽  
N. Parvaresh ◽  
M. Darijani
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Harm Minimization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Test

IntroductionSocio behavioral consulting centers offer Methadone maintenance therapy which is a very useful method for drug dependents. These centers offer a wide range of services like education, consulting, prevention, take care of patient, and treatment for high risk groups like patients infected with AIDS. MMT is helpful in harm minimization and increases quality of drug dependent’s life, so as a result reduces infection in HIV patients.AimsThis study intends to investigate importance of MMT on harm minimization between opioid dependents in Kerman.MethodsThe study was cross sectional and descriptive and it was done on 110 patients referred to sociobehavioral consulting centers no.1 and no.2 in Kerman city in 2005 and 2006. Data was gathered by questionnaires once on the beginning of the treatment and once 6 months after. Then data was analyzed by SPSS13 and chi square test.FindingsMMT results in a reduction of 97.3% of common injections and 96.4% of police arresting to imprisonment and 80% in family problems and 68.2% drug abuse and negative morphine test in these centers. Also after 6 months of treatment, drug consumption expenses were lowered.ConclusionThis study showed that the treatment with MMT in social behavioral consulting centers reduced dangerous behaviors and increased quality of life and controlled the transmission of Dangerous Diseases such as AIDS, Hepatitis and etc in the community.

scholarly journals HÁBITOS DE LECTURA EN ALUMNOS UNIVERSITARIOS DE LA CARRERA DE EDUCACIÓN EN LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MANABÍ, ECUADOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
María Angélica Henríquez Coronel ◽  
Humberto Pastor Castillo Quintero ◽  
Fanny Monserrate Tubay
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Google Drive ◽  
Types Of Information

El propósito de la investigación fue explorar los hábitos de lectura y consumo de información de los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), mediante un diagnóstico exploratorio. El estudio se enmarca en el paradigma metodológico positivista, usando un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño de investigación descriptivo, exploratorio, de tipo transversal. Se estimó un tamaño de muestra de 327 unidades, asumiendo un error de 0.05, constituida por estudiantes matriculados en la carrera de Educación de las menciones Biología y Química, Básica, Idiomas, Artística, Educación Física, Física y Matemática e Inicial de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí en modalidad presencial. Se recolectó la información a través de un cuestionario aplicado entre agosto-septiembre de 2019, usando los formularios que ofrece la plataforma de Google Drive. El análisis exploratorio de los datos incluyó estadísticos descriptivos y la aplicación del test Chi cuadrado. Los resultados revelan que los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación son lectores poco frecuentes de una amplia gama de tipos de información, siendo en la especialidad de Educación Básica donde se reflejan mejores hábitos lectores. Estos resultados plantean la necesidad de elaborar propuestas, a nivel curricular, que coadyuven al desarrollo de hábitos de lectura que fortalezcan una mayor formación integral del futuro egresado en la carrera de Educación. Palabras clave: hábitos de lectura; formación integral; estudiantes universitarios; preferencias lectoras. HABITS OF READING IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF THE CAREER OF EDUCATION AT THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MANABÍ, ECUADOR Abstract The purpose of the research was to explore the reading and information consumption habits of the students of the Education career at the Technical University of Manabí (UTM), through an exploratory diagnosis. The study is part of the positivist methodological paradigm, using a quantitative approach and a descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional research design. A sample size of 327 units was estimated, assuming an error of 0.05, consisting of students enrolled in the Career of Biology and Chemistry, Basic, Languages, Artistic, Physical, Physical and Mathematical and Initial Education of the UTM in Face-to-face modality. The information was collected through a questionnaire applied between August-September 2019, using the forms offered by the Google Drive platform. The exploratory analysis of the data included descriptive statistics and the application of the Chi-square test. The results reveal that the students of the Education career are rare readers of a wide range of types of information, being in the specialty of Basic Education where better reading habits are reflected. These results raise the need to develop proposals, at the curricular level, that contribute to the development of reading habits that strengthen a greater integral formation of the future graduated in the Education career. Keywords: reading habits; comprehensive training; university students; reading preferences.

scholarly journals Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew in pea and pathogenesis-related aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lima dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Agenor Pavan ◽  
Norberto da Silva ◽  
Leandro Augusto Andrade Fumes
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cellular Death ◽  
Inheritance Study ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Susceptible Populations

The inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew in the pea cultivar MK-10 and some histological aspects of infection were assessed. For the inheritance study, F1, F2, backcrosses and F3 generations of MK-10 crossed with two susceptible populations were evaluated. Histological evaluations included percentage of germinated conidia, percentage of conidia that formed appresoria, percentage of conidia that established colonies, and number of haustoria per colony. Segregation ratios obtained in the resistance inheritance study were compared by Chi-square (ײ) test and the histological data were analyzed by Tukey's test at 5% probability. It was concluded that resistance of MK-10 to powdery mildew is due to a pair of recessive alleles since it is expressed in the pre-penetration stage and completed by post-penetration localized cellular death, characteristic of the presence of the pair of recessive alleles er1er1.

scholarly journals Investigation of Premenstrual Syndrome among the Students of Medical Sciences

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Ameneh Safarzadeh Sarasiyabi ◽  
Gholamreza Ghoreishinia ◽  
Marzieh Rakhshkhorshid ◽  
Sadegh Zare ◽  
Saeedeh Rigi Yousefabadi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong><strong>:</strong> Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the advent of physical and psychological symptoms related to the menstrual cycle, the symptoms of this syndrome start in luteal phase and ends at the end of menstrual period. During the last decades, the patterns of PMS (PMS) have studied in a wide range. But those researches had had different methodologies and definitions and the results were not well comparable. Hence, the researchers decided to conduct a study with the aim of investigation of the prevalent of PMS among the students of the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS </strong><strong>&amp; METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This descriptive–analytical study was done on 200 students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A two-part questionnaire was used in order to collect data. The first part related to the demographic features and the second part was related to the PSTT standard questionnaire. After collecting data, the data was analyzed by using SPSS 19 software through the statistical descriptive tests, Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test and t-test.</p><p><strong>FINDINGS</strong><strong>:</strong> The mean age of subjects was 21.9 ± 2.61. A total of 89 subjects were diagnosed with PMS. The most percentage of moderate to severe PMS was for students of medicine and the least percentage was for students of nursing. The highest percentage of mild PMS was in nursing students while the lowest percentage was for students of medicine.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><strong>:</strong> Regarded to the fact that PMS is from the common problems of premenopausal ages in women and a high percentage of them are with psychological and physical symptoms, and since this condition can cause adverse effects on the quality of women’s life; hence, it is necessary to consider the supportive and therapeutic strategies in order to reduce the severity of its symptoms and adverse effects.</p>

scholarly journals Awareness about complementary and alternative medicine among attendees of urban and rural health training centres of a medical college in North Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3924
Author(s):  
Chandan N. ◽  
Kiran Patil
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes a wide range of practices that do not fit within the dominant biomedical model of health care and are not commonly provided within orthodox medicine settings. People might be attracted to and use CAM because they hold beliefs that are congruent with CAM. But safety and efficacy of these systems are not well established. So this study was done to assess awareness among patients attending UHTC and RHTC about CAM.Methods: Cross sectional study was done in UHTC and RHTC of SDMCMSH, Dharwad, India. Data was collected by using pre designed interview schedule from 200 patients. Data was entered in Microsoft excel 2013 and analysed using IBM SPSS v20. Descriptive statistics and chi square test were applied. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 100 patients each from UHTC and RHTC were included in the study. 93% of UHTC and 98% of RHTC patients were aware about CAM. 74% in UHTC and 60% in RHTC were aware of advertisements about CAM. 96% of UHTC and 100% of RHTC patients said CAMs have no side effects. 45% from UHTC and 14% from RHTC preferred CAM. 43% from UHTC and 42% from RHTC patients had used CAM.Conclusions: The awareness about CAM in our study is high, 93% among urban and 98% among rural study participants. Ayurveda was the most commonly used AMT.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 Promoted Tumor Growth and Invasion in Cholangiocarcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Lu ◽  
Chuang Zhou ◽  
Renfeng Li ◽  
Yilei Deng ◽  
Longshuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in a wide range of pathophysiological processes, including cancer progression. Our previous study has shown that AFAP1-AS1 was upregulated and acted as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the expression and biological functions of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains largely unknown. Methods: The expression level of AFAP1-AS1 was measured in 56 pairs of human cholangiocarcinoma tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent normal bile duct tissues. The correlation between AFAP1-AS1 and the clinicopathological features were evaluated by chi-square test. The effects of AFAP1-AS1 on CCA cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Finally, to determine the effect of AFAP1-AS1 on tumor growth in vivo, AFAP1-AS1 knockdowned CCLP-1 cells were subcutaneously into nude mice to evaluate tumor growth. Results: In this study, we found that lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 was increased in CCA tissues and patients with high AFAP1-AS1 expression had a shorter overall survival. SiRNA-mediated AFAP1-AS1 knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation of the CCA cells, with downregulation of C-myc and Cycling D1 in vitro. Furthermore, AFAP1-AS1 silencing inhibited cell migration partly due to decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, CCLP-1 cells with AFAP1-AS1 knockdown were injected into nude mice to investigate the effect of AFAP1-AS1 on the tumorigenesis in vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggested that AFAP1-AS1 might promote the CCA progression and provided a novel potential therapeutic target for CCA.

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