Effect of Proteolytic Agents on Microleakage of Etch and Rinse Adhesive Systems

Objective: this study aimed to assess the effect of treatment of phosphoric acid etched dentin surface with 5% bromelain enzyme and Nd:YAG laser prior to the use of etch and rinse adhesive systems on microleakage margins of class V composite restorations. Materials and Methods: sixty sound premolar teeth were selected. Standard class V cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surfaces of each teeth. Preparation in that way 1 mm of the cavity was above and 1 mm of it was below the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups including 20 teeth(40cavities in each gorup). Two ethanol base etch and rinse system (Adper Single Bond and OptiBond Solo) was applied in each group. In the control group, cavities were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. Adper Single Bond was applied to 20 and OptiBond Solo was applied to the remaining 20 cavities and they were restored with Z250 composite (n=40). The same procedures were performed in bromelain and Nd:YAG laser groups with the difference that prior to the application of adhesive, aqueous 5% bromelain was applied in bromelain group while Nd:YAG laser was irradiated in laser group. All teeth were thermocycled and their apices were sealed with sticky wax. The tooth surfaces were coated with nail varnish except for 1 mm around the restoration margins, and the teeth were then immersed in fuchsine and sectioned by a diamond disc into mesial and distal halves. Marginal microleakage at both sides was determined and scored under a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification. Then data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (α=0.05). Results: according the result of Mann Whitney test, Cervical margins showed significantly higher microleakage than the occlusal margins (P=0.000) but no significant difference was noted in microleakage of occlusal (P=0.362) or gingival (P=0.147) margins among the three groups by Kruskal Wallis test. Conclusion: in conclusion, application of proteolytic agents(5% bromelain solution and Nd:YAG laser) on acid-etched dentin surface prior to the application of adhesive has no significant effect on marginal microleakage of class V composite restorations.

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Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation Pretreatment on the Long-Term Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive to Dentin

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/15-268-l ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 62-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J Gan ◽

S Liu ◽

L Zhou ◽

Y Wang ◽

J Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Knoop Hardness ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Dentin Surface ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference

SUMMARY Purpose: To investigate the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation pretreatment on the long-term bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. Methods: Fifty molars were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane and randomly divided into two groups (n=25 per group): control group (no treatment) and laser group (dentin surfaces were treated with Nd:YAG laser at a setting of 100 mJ/10 Hz). Afterward, resin was bonded to the dentin surface using a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper SingleBond 2), and then 150 beams of each group were produced. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=50 each group): 24 hours of water storage, thermocycling, and NaOCl storage. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS), failure modes, nanoleakage expression, and Masson's trichrome staining were evaluated. An additional 20 molars were sectioned to obtain 2-mm-thick flat dentin slices. These slices were randomly divided into control and laser-treated groups as mentioned previously. Then slices of each group were examined by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Knoop hardness test. Results: The results of ATR-FTIR and Masson's trichrome verified that laser irradiation partly removed collagen fibers from the dentin surface; however, no significant difference was found in the Knoop hardness (p>0.05). The XRD result showed similar crystalline structure regardless of laser pretreatment. There is no significant difference in short-term MTBS between control and laser-treated groups (p>0.05); however, long-term MTBS differed between the groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, the laser-treated group showed less silver deposition than the control group after aging (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment by Nd:YAG laser irradiation appeared to have a positive effect on the adhesive-dentin bonding in vitro test, and the bonding effectiveness could be preserved after aging.

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Influence of laser deproteinization of acid-etched dentin on marginal microleakage of class V composite restoration

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8660525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. e210525

Author(s):

Shahin Kasraei ◽

Sogol NejadKarimi ◽

Mona Malek ◽

Mahsa Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Control Group ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Internal Surfaces ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Laser Group

Aim: Recent reports indicate that deproteinization of acid-etched dentin surface can extend penetration depth of adhesive agents. The main goal of the present research was to investigate the deproteinization effect of Nd:YAG and diode 940 lasers on acid-etched dentin and microleakage grade in class V composite restorations. Methods: 36 extracted human premolar teeth were selected to make standard buccal and lingual class V cavities. These samples were randomly split into three sub-groups: 1.Control group, in which composite was applied for restoration after etch and bonding process without deproteinization; 2.Nd:YAG laser group, in which the teeth were deproteinized with Nd:YAG laser after etching and painting internal surfaces of cavities with Van Geison stain and then composite restorations applied just as control group; 3.Diode laser group, in which the process was similar to Nd:YAG laser group, but instead, diode 940 laser was irradiated. The teeth were bisected into two equal longitudinal buccal and lingual halves. Marginal microleakage of samples was scored by using a stereomicroscope. Kruskal- Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s statistical tests were employed for analysis of the obtained data. Results: A significant reduction in marginal microleakage was observed for both groups treated with laser (Nd:YAG and diode 940)compared to control (p=0.001 & p=0.047). There was no significant difference in marginal microleakage between Nd:YAG laser and diode 940groups (P = 0.333). Conclusion: Nd:YAG and diode 940 laser deproteinization of acid-etched dentin decreased the marginal microleakage of in-vitro class V resin composite restorations.

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Effect of Diode Laser (810 nm) Irradiation on Marginal Microleakage of Multi-mode Adhesive Resins in Class V Composite Restorations

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.15171/jlms.2019.45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 275-282

Author(s):

Niusha Golbar ◽

Shahin Kasraei ◽

Anahit Afrasiabi ◽

Elahe Mostajir ◽

Seyed Masoud Mojahedi

Keyword(s):

Diode Laser ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Control Group ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Self Etch ◽

Multi Mode

Introduction: Some studies have shown that laser irradiation on unpolymerized adhesives can improve composite-dentin adhesion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the diode laser (810 nm) on the microleakage of multi-mode adhesive systems at enamel and dentin margins of composite restorations. Methods: Classic class V boxes were prepared on 48 sound premolar teeth and randomly divided into 6 groups (n=16). In the control groups, Scotchbond Universal (SBC), G-Premio (GBC), and Ambar U (AMC) were used by a self-etch mode. In the test groups (SBL, GBL, ABL), the 810 nm diode laser was irradiated (1 W) for 10 seconds before the polymerization of the adhesive. The boxes were restored by the resin composite. After finishing and polishing, the samples were thermocycled (5°C to 55°C) for 1000 cycles and then immersed in 0.1% methylene blue dye (48 hours). Dye penetration through the gingival and occlusal margins was measured by Stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed at the 5% significance level using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Significant differences were found between the control and test groups (P<0.05). The occlusal margins of the SBL and GBL groups and the cervical margin of the SBL group exhibited the lowest microleakage (P<0.05). The AM control group showed maximum microleakage at cervical and occlusal margins. Conclusion: The irradiation of the 810 nm diode laser on the unpolymerized universal adhesive systems in a self-etch mode caused a significant reduction in enamel and dentin marginal microleakage of composite restorations.

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Marginal Permeability of Self-etch and Total-etch Adhesive Systems

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/04-185 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 60-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

B. M. Owens ◽

W. W. Johnson ◽

E. F. Harris

Keyword(s):

Clinical Relevance ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Class V ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

Dentin Surface ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Surface Anatomy ◽

Self Etch

Clinical Relevance Decreased leakage was associated with Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (total etch) and iBond (self-etch) systems in Class V resin composite restorations. All adhesive systems performed best when bonded to enamel compared to dentin surface anatomy. Clinicians should be aware that strict adherence to manufacturer instructions, when using these materials, is of primary importance.

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Microshear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v16i4.2085 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Valizadeh ◽

Aida Moradi ◽

Mansooreh Mirazei ◽

Hooman Amiri ◽

Mohammad Javad Kharazifard

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Single Bond ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Microshear Bond Strength ◽

Self Etch ◽

Composite Cylinders

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of various adhesive systems to dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 sound human third molars were divided into four groups. Dentin discs were prepared of middle-third dentin measuring 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Dentin surfaces were bonded with one of the four types of adhesives: (A) Single Bond (3M ESPE), Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) in etch and rinse (B) and self-etch (C) modes and (D) Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental). After the application of adhesive systems according to the manufacturers’ instructions, composite cylinders (Vit-l-escence) were bonded to dentin surfaces. The μSBS test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: The µSBS was the highest in self-etch Scotchbond Universal (15.8±6.08 MPa) followed by Clearfil SE Bond (15.24±4.6 MPa), etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal (11.68±4.07MPa) and Single Bond (11.24±3.74 MPa). A significant difference was only found between Single Bond and etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal groups (P=0.04). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, application of Scotchbond Universal in self-etch mode provides a reliable bond to dentin.

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Microshear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v14i4.2085 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Valizadeh ◽

Aida Moradi ◽

Mansooreh Mirazei ◽

Hooman Amiri ◽

Mohammad Javad Kharazifard

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Single Bond ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Microshear Bond Strength ◽

Self Etch ◽

Composite Cylinders

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Flowable Composites as “Filled Adhesives:” A Microleakage Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-5-4-32 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 32-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luis Guilherme Sensi ◽

Fabiano Carlos Marson ◽

Sylvio Monteiro ◽

Luiz Narciso Baratieri ◽

Mauro Amaral Caldeira de Andrada

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Control Group ◽

Single Bond ◽

Class V ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Flowable Composites

Abstract Objective The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the microleakage at dentin margins of a flowable resin composite associated with an adhesive, either light cured separately or co-cured, in Class V cavities. Materials and Methods Twenty four recently extracted human molars were prepared with standardized boxshaped Class V cavities of 3.0 mm (mesial-distal), 2.0 mm (occlusal-gingival), and 2.0 mm depth with margins located on enamel and dentin/cementum on the buccal or lingual surfaces. The cavities were randomly assigned into three groups (n=8): Group I – Single Bond + Filtek Z250 (control); Group II – Single Bond + Filtek Flow (light cured separately) + Filtek Z250; and Group III – Single Bond + Filtek Flow co-cured (light cured simultaneously) + Filtek Z250. After being immersed in tap water for 24 h, the specimens were thermocycled (1000x, 5°-55°C, 30 sec dwell time) and immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 h. The restorations were sectioned longitudinally and gingival margins were evaluated for microleakage using a 0-4 scale. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test at p<0.05. Results A statistically significant difference at p = 0.0044 between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 3 was observed. Although Group 2 performed slightly better than Group 1, no significant difference was observed. Conclusion The use of a flowable resin composite cured simultaneously with an adhesive yielded the worst results in this study. As no statistical differences were seen between Groups 1 and 2, the use of a flowable composite as a means of minimizing microleakage at dentin margins may be questioned. Citation Sensi LG, Marson FC, Monteiro S Jr., Baratieri LN, de Andrada MAC. Flowable Composites as “Filled Adhesives:” A Microleakage Study . J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:032-041.

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Microleakage and Shear Bond Strength of Composite Restorations Under Cycling Conditions

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/16-132-l ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. E71-E80 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

RF Zanatta ◽

M Lungova ◽

AB Borges ◽

CRG Torres ◽

H-G Sydow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Thermal Cycling ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Control Group ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Self Etch

SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage and shear bond strength of composite restorations under different cycling conditions. Methods and Materials: Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 human molars (n=60). A further 60 molars were used to prepare flat enamel and dentin specimens (n=60 each). Cavities and specimens were divided into six groups and pretreated with an adhesive (self-etch/Clearfil SE Bond or etch-and-rinse/Optibond FL). Composite was inserted in the cavities or adhered to the specimens' surfaces, respectively, and submitted to cycling (control: no cycling; thermal cycling: 10,000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C; thermal/erosive cycling: thermal cycling plus storage in hydrochloric acid pH 2.1, 5 minutes, 6×/day, 8 days). Microleakage was quantified by stereomicroscopy in enamel and dentin margins after immersion in silver nitrate. Specimens were submitted to shear bond strength testing. Statistical analysis was done by two-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). Results: Microleakage in enamel margins was significantly lower in the control group compared with thermal cycling or thermal/erosive cycling. Erosive conditions increased microleakage compared with thermal cycling (significant only for Clearfil SE Bond). No significant differences were observed in dentin margins. Bond strength of enamel specimens was reduced by thermal cycling and thermal/erosive cycling when Clearfil SE Bond was used and only by thermal/erosive cycling when Optibond FL was used. No differences were observed among dentin specimens. Conclusions: Thermal/erosive cycling can adversely affect microleakage and shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel.

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Randomized Clinical Trial of Composite Restorations in Primary Teeth: Effect of Adhesive System after Three Years

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/5409392 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Secil Bektaş Donmez ◽

Melek D. Turgut ◽

Serdar Uysal ◽

Pinar Ozdemir ◽

Meryem Tekcicek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Adhesive System ◽

The Self ◽

Marginal Adaptation ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Self Etch

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical performance of composite restorations placed with different adhesive systems in primary teeth. In 32 patients, 128 composite restorations were placed using a split-mouth design as follows (4 groups/patient): three-step etch-and-rinse (Group 1), two-step etch-and-rinse (Group 2), two-step self-etch (Group 3), and one-step self-etch (Group 4). The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 6, 18, and 36 months according to the FDI criteria. There was no significant difference between the adhesive systems in retention of the restorations (p>0.05). Over time, there was a statistically significant decrease in marginal adaptation in all groups, whereas surface and marginal staining significantly increased in Groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05). The etch-and-rinse adhesive systems resulted in better marginal adaptation than the self-etch adhesive systems (p<0.05). It was concluded that preetching of the primary enamel might help improve the clinical performance of the self-etch adhesive systems in primary teeth.

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Effect of a Chlorhexidine-containing Adhesive on Dentin Bond Strength Stability

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/12-239-l ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 609-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

C Sabatini

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Storage Time ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Gelatin Zymography ◽

Control Group ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Self Etch

SUMMARY Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate a novel adhesive system containing 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) for its ability to improve the stability of the adhesive interface compared with the use of 2% CHX as a therapeutic primer. Furthermore, the study aimed to confirm the inhibitory properties of these CHX concentrations (0.2% and 2.0%) on dentin matrix metalloproteinase activity by gelatin zymography. Methods: Superficial dentin substrate for bonding was obtained from 120 non-carious human molars. A conventional adhesive Peak LC Bond and a CHX-containing adhesive Peak Universal Bond were used either in combination with 35% phosphoric acid (etch-and-rinse approach) or with self-etching primer (self-etch approach) for evaluation of the variables CHX treatment (2.0% therapeutic primer and 0.2% adhesive), adhesive approach (etch-and-rinse and self-etch), and storage time (24 hours and six months). A bonding jig was used to fabricate composite cylinders, which were stored for either 24 hours or six months, after which shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated using a notched-edge testing device. A three-way analysis of variance and a Student t-test with a significance level of p<0.05 were used to analyze the data. Extracts from concentrated demineralized human dentin powder were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and incubated in the presence of 0.2% and 2.0% CHX. Results: No significant effect of CHX treatment, adhesive approach, storage time variables, or their interactions on mean SBS was demonstrated (p<0.05). No significant difference between the control and the CHX-treated groups was detected for either adhesive technique at 24 hours or six months (p<0.05). No significant variation in mean SBS was detected after six months of storage (p<0.05). Zymographic analysis revealed bands of enzymatic activity for the group demineralized with phosphoric acid and complete inhibition of gelatinolytic activity for the groups treated with 0.2% and 2.0% CHX. Conclusions: CHX demonstrated inhibition of dentin proteolytic activity. However, when CHX was incorporated into a commercially available adhesive or used as a therapeutic primer, no difference in bond strength was observed at baseline or after six months of storage relative to the control group without CHX.

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