scholarly journals Optimization of Pectinase Activity From Locally Isolated Fungi and Agrowastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Ametefe ◽  
Lemo A. Oluwadamilare ◽  
Ifeoma C. James ◽  
Olubunmi I. Ibidapo ◽  
Vera O. Ofoegbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pectinase Activity ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Pectinase Production

Abstract Background: Pectin enzymes are biocatalysts that degrade pectin into simpler forms. Fermentation is the commonly utilized method for pectinase production. Prior to optimization of pectinase activity, preliminary findings were undertaken to select the best screened microbe (Aspergillus niger), agrowastes and extraction solvents. Solid-state fermentation was employed in the study (optimization process), utilizing the Box-Behnken design in Design-Expert software package version 12.0.3. Results: The results showed 0.1 molar sodium chloride as the best extraction solvent, with the activity higher than the citrate buffer. However, pectinase activity obtained with distilled water was significantly (p<0.05) lower than 0.1 molar sodium chloride. For the substrates employed in the study, the citrus (orange) peel had the highest pectinase activity of ≈0.40 mg per ml. The activity of citrus peels was significantly higher than the activities from each of corn cob, banana peel, wheat bran, Thaumatococcus danielli fruit wastes and Thaumatococcus danielli leaves. A significant increase (p<0.05) in pectinase activity was also obtained with Thaumatococcus danielli fruit wastes relative to Thaumatococcus danielli leaves. Pichia kudriavzevii strain F2-T429-5 and Pichia kudriavzevii strain CY902 have been identified to complement for pectinase production. From the results obtained, the optimum conditions for pectinase production were approximately 5.87 days of fermentation; pH of 3.90; at 21.24 oC; particle size of 0.06-inch; inoculum volume of 1.00 ml, and agitation time (for pectinase extraction) at 11.43 minutes. Optimisation of the selected conditions using the Box-Behnken design and analysis as a statistical tool resulted in a higher activity. Conclusion: Local production of pectinase would help in reducing hunger through local job creation, thereby positively contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

scholarly journals Pyrolysis Study of Different Fruit Wastes Using an Aspen Plus Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed AlNouss ◽  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Hamish R. Mackey ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari ◽  
Gordon McKay
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Apricot Kernel ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Steady State Model ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Date Pits

Large quantities of fruit wastes are generated during the consumption and processing of fruits. The disposal of fruit wastes in an environmentally benign way is a challenging task. The biochar production from fruit wastes by pyrolysis is receiving huge attention because it can alleviate pollution of fruit wastes and provide a supply of biochar sustainably. In this study, five fruit waste types—orange peel, banana peel, mango endocarp, apricot kernel shell, and date pits—are examined. An Aspen Plus simulation tool was employed to develop a steady-state model to predict the pyrolysis product yields of the fruit wastes. The details of the proximate and elemental analyses of the fruit wastes were applied as input parameters in the model, and the simulation was carried out at 300–600°C and 1 atm pressure. Among the fruit wastes, the date pits presented the highest char yield (50.92 wt.%), while the mango endocarp offered the highest syngas yield (54.23 wt.%). From the simulation results, it can be inferred that the date pits are best suited for biochar production, whereas the mango endocarp and orange peel are appropriate for syngas generation. The study is further analyzed by studying the optimization of biomass feedstock blend to yield the highest char relative to bio-oil and syngas. The optimization results demonstrate apricot kernel shell and date pits to dominate the feedstock blend. It is hoped that the current outcomes will be helpful in the selection of appropriate feedstocks for biochar generation through pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Utilization of Fruit Waste for the Production of Citric Acid by using Aspergillus Niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Subramaniyan Satheeshkumar ◽  
Paramasivam Sivagurunathan ◽  
Kannaiyan Muthulakshmi ◽  
Chinnaiyan Uma
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Citric Acid Production ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Sweet Lime ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Lime Peel

The main organic acids in industrial used were citric, acetic, tartaric, malic, lactic and gluconic acid. The most utilized organic acid is citric acid or tricarboxylic acid. Chemical synthesis of citric acid is more costly than fermentation. The citrus processing industry generates tons of waste such as peel and segment membranes resulting from the extraction of citrus juice in industrial plants. About 6 isolates were obtained from the fruit waste dumped soil and they were subjected to screening for citric acid production. A. niger over other potential citric acid-producing organism towards efficient utilization of agroindustry residues and by-products for citric acid production. It was grown on PDA plates at a temperature of 28°C for 5 to 7 days. Fruit wastes like orange peel, sweet lime peel, banana peel and pineapple peel as a potential substrate for the production of citric acid using A. niger isolates. The nitrogen source of the fermentation medium will have a direct effect on the yield of citric acid. Among the four fruit wastes, citric acid production was maximum from orange peel followed by sweet lime peel, pineapple peel and banana peel respectively. Orange peel contains soluble sugars and pectin as the main components. Study the impact of different carbon sources on citric acid., the basal media were supplemented with glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose and the fermentation were carried up to 5 days at 30°C. Nitrogen sources on the fermentation were studied by incorporating ammonium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate and peptone. The effect of lower alcohol incorporation on the fermentation of citric acid was studied.

scholarly journals Pectinase production by Aspergillus niger isolated from decomposed apple skin

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Islam ◽  
B Feroza ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
S Begum
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Pectinolytic Activity ◽  
Pectinase Activity ◽  
Pectinase Production

Pectinase activity among twelve different fungal strains, Aspergillus niger IM09 was identified as a potential one to produce maximal level 831 U/g at pH 4.0. Media composition, incubation temperature, incubation time, substrate concentration, aeration, inoculum size, assay temperature and nitrogen sources were found to effect pectinase activity. Moisture content did not affect the activity significantly. Media composition was varied to optimize the enzyme production in solid state fermentation. It was observed that the highest pectinase activity of 831.0 U/g was found to produce in presence of yeast extract as a nitrogen source in combination with ammonium sulfate in assay media. Aeration showed positive significant effects on pectinase production 755 U/g at 1000 ml flasks. The highest pectinase production was found at 2 g pectin (521 U/g) used as a substrate. Pectinolytic activity was found to have undergone catabolite repression with higher pectin concentration (205 U/g at 5 g pectin). The incubation period to achieve maximum pectinase activity by the isolated strain Aspergillus niger IM09 was 3 days, which is suitable from the commercial point of view. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15410 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 25-32, 2013

scholarly journals Optimized Degradation of Eosin Dye Through UV-ZnO NPs Catalyzed Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Farouq ◽  
Ehsan Kh. Ismaeel ◽  
Aliaa M. Monazie
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Dye Solutions

Abstract The present study is set out to determine the photocatalytic degradation potential of ZnO nanoparticles for effective degradation of Eosin dye. The heterogeneous photocatalytic experiments were carried out by irradiating aqueous dye solutions with ultraviolet light. The influence of effective parameters like flow rate, pH, catalyst dose, and dye concentration was examined. The best degradation efficiency (66.82%) of ZnO Nanoparticles against Eosin dye was achieved within 90 min of reaction time. The Box–Behnken design under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was chosen as a statistical tool to obtain the correlation of influential parameters. The optimum values were recorded as follows: 0.59 g, 15.75 ppm and 136.12 ml/min for amount of catalyst, dye concentration and flow rate, respectively. The maximum percent degradation achieved at these conditions was 71.44%.

scholarly journals Effect of Solvent on the Hydrodynamic Properties of Collagen

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lewandowska ◽  
Marta Szulc ◽  
Alina Sionkowska
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Denaturation Temperature ◽  
Hydrodynamic Properties ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Viscosity Behavior

In this study, the effect of solvent on the hydrodynamic properties of collagen extracted from tail tendons of young rats was researched. Collagen was dissolved in various aqueous carboxylic acid solutions, including acetic acid (AA), acetic acid with the addition of sodium chloride (AA/NaCl), formic acid (FA), lactic acid (LA), citric acid (CA), and also citrate buffer at pH = 3.7 (CB). The properties of collagen solutions at a concentration of 0.45 mg/mL were characterized based on the viscometric method. The reduced viscosity, intrinsic viscosity, and Huggins coefficient of collagen solutions and effect of solvent, temperature, and UV irradiation on these properties were investigated. Collagen solutions in acetic acid, acetic acid/NaCl, and citrate buffer were irradiated with UV light up to 1 h, and the viscosity of collagen solutions was measured. It was found that the organic acids used as solvent affected viscosity behavior, denaturation temperature, and stability of collagen solutions. The lowest values of studied parameters were obtained for the collagen solutions in acetic acid with the addition of sodium chloride. Thus, the effect of various aqueous carboxylic acid solutions on collagen solutions properties and denaturation temperature can also be affected by the sodium chloride addition. The results of this research can be crucial for the preparation of collagen solutions for both cosmetic and biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis of zinc chloride activated eco-friendly nano-adsorbent (activated carbon) from food waste for removal of pollutant from biodiesel wash water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santhosh ◽  
S. S. Dawn
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Card Number ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Food waste has been a complex component added to the Municipal solid waste, making it a major reason for the evolution of greenhouse gases, foul odour and a dwelling habitat for insects and microbes. Diversion of the mixed food waste (unsegregated) to useful materials (activated carbon) would have immense industrial significance. In this study, rice, vegetables, oil and spice (WCVR); mixed fruit peels including banana peel, pomegranate peel, orange peel and lemon peel (MFPW); plain rice (WCR) and mixed food waste (rice, dhal, vegetables, fruits, meat and bones) (MFW) were used. Food waste samples were heated at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 h in an incinerator and then activated with zinc chloride for 2 h in a muffle furnace maintained at 500–600 °C temperature. Zinc chloride activated carbon was characterized through XRD, FESEM and FTIR. WCR carbon resulted to be best-activated carbon, yielding nanomaterials with 2θ = 25.81, 31.76, 34.41 and 56.54, which was in accordance with JCPDS card number. The mixed food waste activated carbon reduced the biodiesel wash water pH from 10 to 6.5 making it suitable for recycle. Turbidity by 98.41%, COD by 41.33%, oil and grease by 99.05% for mixed food waste carbon.

Pectinase Production from Banana Peel Biomass via the Optimization of the Solid-state Fermentation Conditions of Aspergillus niger Strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
Nazaitulshila Rasit ◽  
Yong Sin Sze ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Ooi Chee Kuan ◽  
Sofiah Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Pectinase Production ◽  
Full Factorial

In this study, the biomass of banana peel was used to produce pectinase via optimization of solid-state fermentation conditions of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nigeA. niger). The operating conditions of solid-state fermentation were optimized using the method of full factorial design with incubation temperature ranging between 25 °C and 35 °C, moisture content between 40% and 60%, and inoculum size between 1.6 x 106 spores/mL and 1.4 x 107 spores/mL. Optimizing the solid-state fermentation conditions appeared crucial to minimize the sample used in this experimental design and determine the significant correlation between the operating conditions. A relatively high maximal pectinase production of 27 UmL-1 was attained at 35° C of incubation, 60% of moisture content, and 1.6 x 106 spores/mL of inoculum size with a relatively low amount of substrate (5 g). Given that the production of pectinase with other substrates (e.g., pineapple waste, lemon peel, cassava waste, and wheat bran) generally ranges between 3 U/mL and 16 U/mL (Abdullah et al., 2018; Handa et al., 2016; Melnichuk et al., 2020; Thangaratham and Manimegalai, 2014; Salim et al., 2017), thus the yield of pectinase derived from the banana peel in this study (27 U/mL) was considered moderately high. The findings of this study indicated that the biomass of banana peel would be a potential substrate for pectinase production via the solid-state fermentation of A. niger.

Isolation, Production and Application of Bacterial Pectinase for Industrial Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Nayana Mohan ◽  
Archana Prabhat
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Market ◽  
The Media ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
Pectinase Production

Production of microbial enzymes at the industrial scale and their commercialization has gained a lot of focus and importance. Some of the industrially important enzymes from microbial origin include lipases, amylases, proteases, xylynases, pectinases etc. The objective of the study was production and application of bacterial pectinase for industrial use (clarification of fruit juices). Here the isolation of microorganism and characterization was done, then pectinase assay was performed and finally fruit juice was clarified using this enzyme. Here decayed orange peel was used as the sample and it was collected from a local market, South Kalamsseri- Cochin. The collected decayed orange part was subjected to serial dilution in order to isolate the organism. The dilutions were then plated on appropriate media (pecin agar media) and spread plate was performed. After the incubation time, colonies with zone were obtained which showed the production of pectinase enzyme. These isolated colonies were then inoculated to the petri plate containing pectin agar media and streak plate was performed. After 24 h incubation, the isolated colonies were subjected to Gram’s staining. It was Gram negative bacilli. The biochemical characterization (IMViC test) was done and VP Citrate tests were positive. Then the colonies were inoculated in Pectinase Production Broth. After 24 h incubation, the media was centrifuged for the isolation of enzymes. The enzyme assay was done by titration technique and the enzyme activity was found to be 0.78 U. This isolated enzyme was used for the clarification of apple juice and lime juice. According to the findings obtained from the study, the clarification of fruit juice by the use of bacterial pectinase is most cost effective and yield good results for industrial use.

Study and Application of Various Activated Carbons and Ash used in Water Purification Techniques: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
Ajinkya Ravindra Telgote ◽  
Satish Sudhakarao Patil
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Pomegranate Peel

Water pollution is increasing due to the different factors such as population growth, large-scale urbanization, deforestation, and unethical activities in the river or other sources of water. Various experts have been working in the field of the preparation ofactivated carbon from renewable energy including cost-effective technologies and products in an eco-friendly manner for various applications. This review article discusses methodologies utilized by various experts for the preparation of activated carbon for the abatement of water pollution. Biomasssuch ascoconut shell, Moringaoleifera seed, Peanut shell, Pomegranate peel, Rice husk, Lemon shell, Banana peel, and Orange Peel are found extremely helpful in the field of treatment of the contaminated water. The reviewed literature showed that the Biomass can be isolatespollutants from contaminated water through physical, mechanical, and biological techniques and removes various physicochemical pollutants such as pH, color, DO, turbidity, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, fluoride, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metal, etc. from contaminated water.

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