scholarly journals Physiological Adaptation And Transcriptome Changes In The Plateau Plant Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) In Response To The Plain Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglei He ◽  
Lingzelai Kong ◽  
Jinqiu Yu ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
XiangYin Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Photosynthesis Pathway ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Photosynthetic Antenna

Abstract Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an annual herb with high nutritional value, strong adaptability and cold tolerance. It is one of the forage varieties widely planted in the construction of artificial grassland in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. In order to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of common vetch introduced into plain, physiological and transcriptome analysis of common vetch seedlings in Plateau and plain environment were carried out. In the plain environment, the leaf structure and some physiological indexes of common vetch can adapt to the plain environment gradually and keep stable. However, the maximum photochemical quantum yield (fv/fm) and chlorophyll content (Chl) of PSII fluctuated and could not keep stable. Further transcriptome sequencing showed that there were many different genes involved in photosynthesis pathway, photosynthetic antenna protein pathway, carbon dioxide fixation pathway in photosynthetic organisms and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway in plain environment. Similarly, TF analysis showed that MYB, NAC, AP2-EREBP and Orphans were the main transcription factors involved in the adaptation of common vetch to the changes of plain environment. These results may explain that the main reason why the common vetch is not suitable for the plain environment is the difference of the light intensity between the plain and the plateau. These findings provide a theoretical basis for scientific introduction and breeding of new varieties from plateau to plain.

scholarly journals Physiological adaptation and transcriptome changes in the plateau plant common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in response to the plain environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglei He ◽  
Lingzelai Kong ◽  
Jinqiu Yu ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Xiangyin Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract Background Light and temperature are among the most important factors in plant growth. The annual forage variety common vetch was grown under the special environment of high light intensity and low temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the seedling stage, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau adapted variety common vetch was airlifted to the inland plain. Its response to the plain environment and its regulatory mechanism are not clear. Results The samples collected the day before transportation were used as a control. After being transported back to the plain, the morphological structure and physiological indexes were determined on days one, three, five and seven. Compared with the control group, the chlorophyll content in the experimental group changed significantly. Chlorophyll fluorescence increased significantly on the fifth day. The number of stomatal openings decreased significantly on the first day and then increased gradually and exceeded that of the control. Compared with the control sample, the intercellular space of the experimental sample was larger and then did not return to the control level. The physiological indexes gradually returned to the control level on the 7th day. Transcriptome analysis showed that 3251 genes were upregulated and 3317 genes were downregulated on the third day, while 1359 genes were upregulated and 1648 genes were downregulated on the seventh day. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, photosynthetic antenna protein synthesis, carbon dioxide fixation and chlorophyll synthesis pathways, and almost all of the genes involved in these pathways were downregulated. In addition, MYB, NAC, AP2-EREBP and the Orphans family of transcription factors (TFs) regulating the light response were more abundant on day 3 and day 7 than in the control group. Conclusion The physiological and gene expression levels of common vetch transported to the plain environment were analyzed. To reveal the adaptation mechanism of common vetch to plain environments, the key metabolic pathways of differential gene enrichment were analyzed. These findings are helpful for introducing plateau suitable varieties into plain environments.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes of Net Ecosystem Production in Hindu Kush Himalayan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Da Guo ◽  
Xiaoning Song ◽  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
Xinming Zhu ◽  
Yazhen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Geostatistical Model ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Difference

The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is one of the most ecologically vulnerable regions in the world. Several studies have been conducted on the dynamic changes of grassland in the HKH region, but few have considered grassland net ecosystem productivity (NEP). In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of NEP magnitude and the influence of climate factors on the HKH region from 2001 to 2018. The NEP magnitude was obtained by calculating the difference between the net primary production (NPP) estimated by the Carnegie–Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model and the heterotrophic respiration (Rh) estimated by the geostatistical model. The results showed that the grassland ecosystem in the HKH region exhibited weak net carbon uptake with NEP values of 42.03 gC∙m−2∙yr−1, and the total net carbon sequestration was 0.077 Pg C. The distribution of NEP gradually increased from west to east, and in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, it gradually increased from northwest to southeast. The grassland carbon sources and sinks differed at different altitudes. The grassland was a carbon sink at 3000–5000 m, while grasslands below 3000 m and above 5000 m were carbon sources. Grassland NEP exhibited the strongest correlation with precipitation, and it had a lagging effect on precipitation. The correlation between NEP and the precipitation of the previous year was stronger than that of the current year. NEP was negatively correlated with temperature but not with solar radiation. The study of the temporal and spatial dynamics of NEP in the HKH region can provide a theoretical basis to help herders balance grazing and forage.

Scanning electron microscopy observations of pollen morphology in common vetch (Vicia sativa) subspecies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rui Dong ◽  
Zhongjie Lu ◽  
Zhengyu Yang ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is an important forage and green manure crop that is widely cultivated around the world. However, the large number of subspecies and accessions of common vetch has made taxonomic research on this species difficult. Pollen morphology data can provide important evidence in the study of plant phylogeny. Therefore, in this research, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe seven morphological traits of pollens from 22 common vetch accessions, and residual maximum likelihood and pattern analysis was conducted. The results showed that the pollen grains of the 22 accessions were all monad pollen and the polar view revealed three-lobed circular and triangular shapes, while the equatorial view mainly revealed an oblate shape; only one accession showed an oblate spherical shape. All accessions were 3-zonocolporate and the colpus length extended close to the poles. The polar axis length was (19.39 ± 0.97)–(42.12 ± 0.76) μm and the equatorial axis length was (35.97 ± 1.27)–(45.25 ± 0.81) μm. We found that qualitative traits of pollen shape, aperture polar view and ornamentation were highly stable. Among them, polar axis length, equatorial axis length and colpus length and width had significant differences among the accessions. The ratios of the equatorial and polar axes had significant differences among the subspecies. This trait information could be used for the classification and identification of common vetch accessions and subspecies.

scholarly journals Search for Resistant Genotypes to Cuscuta campestris Infection in Two Legume Species, Vicia sativa and Vicia ervilia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Eva María Córdoba ◽  
Mónica Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Clara Isabel González-Verdejo ◽  
Carmela López-Grau ◽  
María del Valle Muñoz-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are parasitic plants that feed on the stems of their host plants. Cuscuta campestris is one of the most damaging parasitic plants for the worldwide agricultural production of broad-leaved crops. Its control is limited or non-existent, therefore resistance breeding is the best alternative both economically and environmentally. Common vetch (Vicia sativa) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) are highly susceptible to C. campestris, but no resistant genotypes have been identified. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify in V. sativa and V.ervilia germplasm collections genotypes resistant to C. campestris infection for use in combating this parasitic plant. Three greenhouse screening were conducted to: (1) identify resistant responses in a collection of 154 accessions of bitter vetch and a collection of 135 accessions of common vetch genotypes against infection of C. campestris; (2) confirm the resistant response identified in common vetch accessions; and (3) characterize the effect of C. campestris infection on biomass of V. sativa resistant and susceptible accessions. Most common vetch and bitter vetch genotypes tested were susceptible to C. campestris. However, the V. sativa genotype Vs.1 exhibited high resistance. The resistant phenotype was characterized by a delay in the development of C. campestris posthaustorial growth and a darkening resembling a hypersensitive-like response at the penetration site. The resistant mechanism was effective in limiting the growth of C. campestris as the ratio of parasite/host shoot dry biomass was more significantly reduced than the rest of the accessions. To the best or our knowledge, this is the first identification of Cuscuta resistance in V. sativa genotypes.

Rhizobium changzhiense sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Vicia sativa L. in North China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Peng ◽  
Mitchell Andrews ◽  
Chunzeng Liu ◽  
Yimin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rhizobial Species ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Type Strains

Three fast-growing rhizobial strains isolated from effective nodules of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were characterized using a polyphasic approach. All three strains were assigned to the genus Rhizobium on the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated atpD-recA genes separated the strains into a distinct lineage represented by WYCCWR 11279T, which showed average nucleotide identity values of 95.40 and 93.61 % with the most similar phylogenetic type strains of Rhizobium sophorae CCBAU 03386T and Rhizobium laguerreae FB TT, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values between WYCCWR 11279T and the closest related type strains were less than 70 %. Therefore, a novel rhizobial species is proposed, Rhizobium changzhiense sp. nov., and strain WYCCWR 11279T (=HAMBI 3709T=LMG 31534T) is designated as the type strain for the novel species.

scholarly journals Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1111-1121
Author(s):  
Yongqun Zhu ◽  
Qiuxu Liu ◽  
Wenzhi Xu ◽  
Li Yao ◽  
Xie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Drought Treatment

Abstract Drought is among the most important natural disasters with severe effects on animals and plants. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs that play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and response to stress factors, including drought. However, the microRNAs in drought responses in common vetch (Vicia sativa), an annual herbaceous leguminous plant commonly used for forage by including it in mixed seeding during winter and spring, have not been characterized. To explore the microRNAs’ response to drought in common vetch, we sequenced 10 small RNA (sRNA) libraries by the next-generation sequencing technology. We obtained 379 known miRNAs belonging to 38 families and 47 novel miRNAs. The two groups had varying numbers of differentially expressed miRNAs: 85 in the comparison group D5 vs C5 and 38 in the comparison group D3 vs C3. Combined analysis of mRNA and miRNA in the same samples under drought treatment identified 318 different target genes of 123 miRNAs. Functional annotation of the target genes revealed that the miRNAs regulate drought-responsive genes, such as leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase-encoding genes (LRR-RLKs), ABC transporter G family member 1 (ABCG1), and MAG2-interacting protein 2 (MIP2). The genes were involved in various pathways, including cell wall biosynthesis, reactive oxygen removal, and protein transport. The findings in this study provide new insights into the miRNA-mediated regulatory networks of drought stress response in common vetch.

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