scholarly journals Protein Coding of Variations on SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Various Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jeffrey Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Element Sequence

Abstract In this paper, COVID-19 cases in different regions are used for comparison. The related genomes of SARS-CoV-2 are segmented and replaced with sequence operations under protein coding scheme on the A3 module of the MAS. Using protein coding schemes, genomes are transformed and projected as measuring sequences as a vector that can be visualized in maps from two different perspectives: the elements of the gene sequence and the position of the element sequence, so as to interpret the genome more comprehensively. Through a series of linear diagrams, it is convenient to compare and analyze the genomes of the samples collected in different regions more intuitively, which may be conducive to further data mining of genomic information and refined explorations of COVID-19 for patients.

scholarly journals Protein Coding of Variations on SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Various Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jeffrey Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Element Sequence

Abstract In this paper, COVID-19 cases in different regions are used for comparison. The related genomes of SARS-CoV-2 are segmented and replaced with sequence operations under protein coding scheme on the A3 module of the MAS. Using protein coding schemes, genomes are transformed and projected as measuring sequences as a vector that can be visualized in maps from two different perspectives: the elements of the gene sequence and the position of the element sequence, so as to interpret the genome more comprehensively. Through a series of linear diagrams, it is convenient to compare and analyze the genomes of the samples collected in different regions more intuitively, which may be conducive to further data mining of genomic information and refined explorations of COVID-19 for patients.

scholarly journals An overview of channel coding for 5G NR cellular communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Bae ◽  
Ahmed Abotabl ◽  
Hsien-Ping Lin ◽  
Kee-Bong Song ◽  
Jungwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Channel Coding ◽  
Ldpc Codes ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Polar Codes ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Successive Cancellation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
User Data

AbstractA 5G new radio cellular system is characterized by three main usage scenarios of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications, which require improved throughput, latency, and reliability compared with a 4G system. This overview paper discusses key characteristics of 5G channel coding schemes which are mainly designed for the eMBB scenario as well as for partial support of the URLLC scenario focusing on low latency. Two capacity-achieving channel coding schemes of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and polar codes have been adopted for 5G where the former is for user data and the latter is for control information. As a coding scheme for data, 5G LDPC codes are designed to support high throughput, a variable code rate and length and hybrid automatic repeat request in addition to good error correcting capability. 5G polar codes, as a coding scheme for control, are designed to perform well with short block length while addressing a latency issue of successive cancellation decoding.

Stories students tell about their lived experiences of spirituality in the Dalcroze class

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
John Habron ◽  
Liesl van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

AbstractThis article is a narrative inquiry of the lived spiritual experiences of students participating in Dalcroze Eurhythmics training. Previous studies have located Jaques-Dalcroze’s own writings and thought within the context of spirituality and have explored the spiritual experiences of Dalcroze teachers, but students’ perspectives remain to be investigated. We interviewed seven students, broadly defined as anyone currently attending regular Dalcroze training or who have recently attended Dalcroze courses and still consider themselves Dalcroze students. Various strategies for narrative data analysis were synthesised into our own coding scheme. Themes emerged from the data analysis: situation, continuity, personal interaction, social interaction and significant moments. The themes helped us construct a fictive conversation between the participants, using direct quotations from the interviews. Implications for practice focus on what inhibits and promotes experiences of spirituality in the Dalcroze class. This research will be relevant to music educators, as it gives clear, evidence-based guidelines on how opportunities for spirituality can be created in the Dalcroze classroom. It also offers an original synthesis of existing coding schemes for other researchers undertaking narrative inquiries.

Relations Between Design Activities and Interactional Characteristics in Novice-Expert Design Consultations: ‘What’ is Done ‘How’

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleur Deken ◽  
Maaike S. Kleinsmann ◽  
Marco Aurisicchio ◽  
Rob B. Bracewell ◽  
Kristina Lauche
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Aerospace Engineering ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Resolution Level ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Fine Resolution

This study investigated processes in novice–expert consultation meetings in an organizational context to identify ‘what’ is done ‘how’ by novices and expert in consultation discourses. A conceptual model was developed for studying novice–expert design discourses at a fine-resolution level. An empirical study was performed at Rolls-Royce Aerospace Engineering. In total 7 audio-records were captured of meetings between trainees (novices) and expert designers, which occurred over the course of 3 trainee teams’ design projects. Relations were investigated between two coding schemes, namely the activity coding scheme and the conversational flow coding scheme. It was found that certain activities in the meeting were more often performed by either novices or experts, whereas other activities were more often performed collaboratively. Based on the results, implications for design engineering practitioners were derived and suggestions for further research are provided.

DECOMPOSITION OF BUS-INVERT CODING FOR LOW-POWER I/O

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNGPACK HONG ◽  
TAEWHAN KIM ◽  
UNNI NARAYANAN ◽  
KI-SEOK CHUNG
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Coding Schemes

This paper proposes a new bus-invert coding scheme for reducing the number of bus transitions. Unlike the previous schemes in which the entire bus lines or one subset of the bus lines are considered for bus-invert coding, in the proposed scheme, the bus lines are partitioned and each partitioned group is considered independently for bus-invert coding to maximize the effectiveness of reducing the total number of bus transitions. Experimental results show that the decomposed bus-invert coding scheme reduces the total number of bus transitions by 47.2% and 11.9% on average than those of the conventional and the partial bus-invert coding schemes respectively.

Proposal of Zygosaccharomyces parabailii sp. nov. and Zygosaccharomyces pseudobailii sp. nov., novel species closely related to Zygosaccharomyces bailii

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1922-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Oui Suh ◽  
Pushpa Gujjari ◽  
Carolyn Beres ◽  
Brian Beck ◽  
Jianlong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Zygosaccharomyces Bailii ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Physiological Tests

Twenty-three yeast strains traditionally identified as Zygosaccharomyces bailii were studied in order to clarify their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. The molecular phylogeny from rRNA gene sequences showed that these yeasts were well divided into three major groups, and two of the groups could be clearly distinguished from the type strain of Z. bailii at the species level. Therefore, we propose Zygosaccharomyces parabailii sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 56075T  = NBRC 1047T  = NCYC 128T  = CBS 12809T) and Zygosaccharomyces pseudobailii sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 56074T  = NBRC 0488T  = CBS 2856T) to accommodate the yeasts belonging to the two groups. By conventional physiological tests, Z. bailii and the two novel species are not clearly distinguished from one another, as variations exist more frequently between individual strains and are not species-specific. However, the conclusions from rRNA gene sequence analyses are well supported by genome fingerprinting patterns as well as other protein-coding gene sequence comparisons.

scholarly journals The non-power model of the genetic code: a paradigm for interpreting genomic information

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2063) ◽  
pp. 20150062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Luis Gonzalez ◽  
Simone Giannerini ◽  
Rodolfo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Code ◽  
Power Model ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Hidden Symmetries ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
The Core ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Mitochondrial Code

In this article, we present a mathematical framework based on redundant (non-power) representations of integer numbers as a paradigm for the interpretation of genomic information. The core of the approach relies on modelling the degeneracy of the genetic code. The model allows one to explain many features and symmetries of the genetic code and to uncover hidden symmetries. Also, it provides us with new tools for the analysis of genomic sequences. We review briefly three main areas: (i) the Euplotid nuclear code, (ii) the vertebrate mitochondrial code, and (iii) the main coding/decoding strategies used in the three domains of life. In every case, we show how the non-power model is a natural unified framework for describing degeneracy and deriving sound biological hypotheses on protein coding. The approach is rooted on number theory and group theory; nevertheless, we have kept the technical level to a minimum by focusing on key concepts and on the biological implications.

scholarly journals Chromosome-scale assembly of wild barley accession ‘OUH602’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Sato ◽  
Martin Mascher ◽  
Axel Himmelbach ◽  
Georg Haberer ◽  
Manuel Spannagl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genome ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Barley Accession ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Chromosome Level

Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare) was domesticated from its wild ancestral form ca. 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and is widely cultivated throughout the world, except for in tropical areas. The genome size of both cultivated barley and its conspecific wild ancestor is approximately 5 Gb. High-quality chromosome-level assemblies of 19 cultivated and one wild barley genotype were recently established by pan-genome analysis. Here, we release another equivalent short-read assembly of the wild barley accession ‘OUH602’. A series of genetic and genomic resources were developed for this genotype in prior studies. Our assembly contains more than 4.4 Gb of sequence, with a scaffold N50 value of over 10 Mb. The haplotype shows high collinearity with the most recently updated barley reference genome, ‘Morex’ V3, with some inversions. Gene projections based on ‘Morex’ gene models revealed 46,807 protein-coding sequences and 43,375 protein coding genes. Alignments to publicly available sequences of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of ‘OUH602’ confirm the high accuracy of the assembly. Since more loci of interest have been identified in ‘OUH602’, the release of this assembly, with detailed genomic information, should accelerate gene identification and the utilization of this key wild barley accession.

scholarly journals A New Coding Paradigm for the Primitive Relay Channel

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mondelli ◽  
S. Hamed Hassani ◽  
Rüdiger Urbanke
Keyword(s):  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Achievable Rate ◽  
Polar Codes ◽  
Relay Channel ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Polar Coding ◽  
Separate Channel ◽  
Special Case

We consider the primitive relay channel, where the source sends a message to the relay and to the destination, and the relay helps the communication by transmitting an additional message to the destination via a separate channel. Two well-known coding techniques have been introduced for this setting: decode-and-forward and compress-and-forward. In decode-and-forward, the relay completely decodes the message and sends some information to the destination; in compress-and-forward, the relay does not decode, and it sends a compressed version of the received signal to the destination using Wyner–Ziv coding. In this paper, we present a novel coding paradigm that provides an improved achievable rate for the primitive relay channel. The idea is to combine compress-and-forward and decode-and-forward via a chaining construction. We transmit over pairs of blocks: in the first block, we use compress-and-forward; and, in the second block, we use decode-and-forward. More specifically, in the first block, the relay does not decode, it compresses the received signal via Wyner–Ziv, and it sends only part of the compression to the destination. In the second block, the relay completely decodes the message, it sends some information to the destination, and it also sends the remaining part of the compression coming from the first block. By doing so, we are able to strictly outperform both compress-and-forward and decode-and-forward. Note that the proposed coding scheme can be implemented with polar codes. As such, it has the typical attractive properties of polar coding schemes, namely, quasi-linear encoding and decoding complexity, and error probability that decays at super-polynomial speed. As a running example, we take into account the special case of the erasure relay channel, and we provide a comparison between the rates achievable by our proposed scheme and the existing upper and lower bounds.

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