scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Atmosphere for Storage of Mature-green and Tree-ripe `Tommy Atkins' Mangoes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 804F-805
Author(s):  
R.J. Bender ◽  
J.K. Brecht
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Green Stage ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere

Mangoes for long-distance markets are harvested at the mature-green stage and shipped in refrigerated containers. Shipment under controlled atmosphere is still tentative, and the CO2 concentrations used are relatively low (maximum 10%), although mangoes have been reported as being less-sensitive to elevated CO2 than other tropical fruits. In the present study, CO2 concentrations of 10%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% combined with 5% O2 were used to store mangoes. Mature-green `Tommy Atkins' were stored for 21 days at 12C, followed by air storage at 20C for 5 days. Tree-ripe mangoes were stored at 8 or 12C under the same conditions. Ethanol production rates increased along with increasing CO2 concentrations. However, only 35% and 45% CO2 atmospheres inflicted damage. Color development was severely inhibited under those treatments. Lower CO2 treatments, up to 25% in the storage atmosphere, inhibited skin color development and ethylene biosynthesis but, after 5 days in air at 20C, skin color and ethylene production reached control levels. Fruit flesh firmness did not differ among treatments at 12C. Tree ripe mangoes stored in CA at 8C were only significantly firmer than control fruit at transfer from CA to air.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Mature Green Tomatoes to Treatment with Ethylene at High Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Francisco E. Loayza ◽  
Michael T. Masarirambi ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Steven A. Sargent ◽  
Charles A. Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Tomato Quality ◽  
Accelerated Ripening ◽  
Lower Temperature

This study investigated the effect of ethylene treatment at high temperatures of 30 to 40 °C for up to 72 hours on subsequent ripening-associated processes in mature green ‘Sunny’ and ‘Agriset 761’ tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Compared with ethylene-treated fruit at 20 °C, ethylene exposure at 30 or 35 °C stimulated ripening in terms of ethylene biosynthesis and color development, but the ethylene effect was only apparent after transfer to air at 20 °C. There were no negative effects on ripe tomato quality related to ethylene exposure at 30 or 35 °C. However, ethylene production of tomatoes was permanently impaired by ethylene exposure at 40 °C for 48 or 72 hours even after transferring fruit to air at 20 °C; these fruit exhibited slow softening and color development. Our results suggest that tomatoes perceive ethylene at 30 to 35 °C despite impairment of ripening at those temperatures, with the accelerated ripening response becoming apparent only after transferring the tomatoes to air at lower temperature.

EXTENDING STORAGE LIFE OF PAPAYA WITH EDIBLE COATING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 679b-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Baldwin ◽  
Myrna Nisperos-Carriedo ◽  
Craig Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Application of edible coatings that can simulate controlled atmosphere storage has become a popular concept. An experimental coating developed at the USDA Winter Haven laboratory, Nature-Seal (patent application #07/679,849), or a commercial composite coating was applied to papaya fruit at the green (immature) stage for comparison to uncoated fruit. Both types of coatings contain a polysaccharide base and therefore have different properties than most commercial “wax” coatings. The fruit were stored continuously at 21C or 3 days at 13C then ripened at 21C with 95 to 98% RH. Sample fruit from each treatment were analyzed for color, weight loss, CO2 ethylene, & % decay and softening. Results showed substantial extension of papaya shelf-life when the fruit were coated with Nature Seal while the commercial coating was less effective. This effect was due to retardation of ripening as evidenced by delayed color development, softening, and effect of coating permeability to CO2 and O2 on climacteric CO2 and ethylene production.

scholarly journals Kajian Atmosfir Terkendali untuk Memperlambat Penurunan Mutu Buah Mangga Arumanis selama Penyimpanan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
I Made Suphartha Utama ◽  
Yohanes Setiyo ◽  
Ida Ayu Rina Puja ◽  
Nyoman Semadi
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Convincing Result

<p>Arumanis Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv Arumanis) which is one of Indonesia’s tropical fruits having a high potency to be developed as an export commodity. Limited volumes of the fruit have been exported using air cargo and attempts in using sea freights with reefer containers for long distance market had not given convincing result. Therefore, efforts in optimizing the use of a reefer container are essential. Investigations, were performed in order to decelerate the deterioration fruits which involved different combined concentrations of O2 and CO2 gases during storage of Arumanis mango at cold (12+1.5oC) and room (28+2oC) temperatures. Four different combined gases of O2 and CO2, namely 5% O2 and 5 % CO2; 5% O2 and 10% CO2; 10% O2 and 5% CO2; and 10% O2 and 10% CO2 were surged surrounding the fruits stored at the cold and room temperatures. Fruits without treatments with the combined gases were prepared as kontrols. The investigation indicated that the cold temperature of storage was still the best way to slowing down the deterioration of the fruit. There were no significant different effects on the rate of deterioration among the fruits treated with the different combined concentrations of O2 and CO2. The controlled atmospheres, however, were better for storing the fruits compared to those stored without controlled atmosphere.</p><p><br />Key words: controlled atmosphere, Arumanis, mango</p>

scholarly journals Ethylene Biosynthesis and Fruit Color Development in `Pink Lady' Apples during Growth and Maturation

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 762C-762
Author(s):  
Suparna Whale* ◽  
Zora Singh ◽  
John Janes
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
High Respiration Rate ◽  
Hue Angle

Growth and maturation of `Pink Lady' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apples with special emphasis on ethylene biosynthesis and color development were monitored in Western Australia during 2002-2003. Changes in fruit growth, respiration rate, ethylene production, anthocyanin accumulation and development of red blush were evaluated between 60 days after full bloom (DAFB) and commercial harvest (191DAFB). Fruit diameter, length and fresh weight showed the typical single sigmoid growth curve, with linear increases until 158 DAFB. High respiration rate and ethylene production were recorded 60 DAFB followed by rapid decrease until 144 DAFB and then a steady increase, which peaked between 172 and 179 DAFB. Red blush on the fruit surface showed steady increase from 167 DAFB and corresponded to concomitant decrease in hue angle. Total anthocyanin increased from 167 DAFB till harvest and synchronized with increasing ethylene and maturity of apples. There were significant (P ≤ 0.001), direct linear relationships between ethylene production and total anthocyanin (r = 0.63, y = 7.6032x + 2.4756), total anthocyanin and red blush (r = 0.74, y = 0.5082x -1.54). Significant (P ≤ 0.001) negative direct linear relationships between total anthocyanin and hue angle (r = -0.89, y = -0.5973x + 110.14), and ethylene and hue angle (r = -0.69, y = -5.37x + 109.60) were recorded. Increasing anthocyanin content and red blush also coincided with decreasing daily temperatures in the orchard. Reduction in fruit firmness and acidity and increase in TSS from 167DAFB were good indicators of advancing maturity of apples. Our experimental results indicate that red blush in `Pink Lady' apples develops a few weeks before harvest and is regulated by ethylene biosynthesis and temperature.

Hydrothermic Treatment Effects on Some Ripening Changes on Mango Fruits (Mangifera indica L) Crillo de Bocado' during Storage: I. Physical Parameters

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 520d-520
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Valor ◽  
Juan E Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Storage Temperature ◽  
High Storage ◽  
Green Stage

Mango fruits `Criollo de Bocado' harvested at the mature-green stage were treated with a hydrothermic treatment of 55 °C for 3 min and stored for 20 days to temperatures of 10 ± 2, 15 ± 2, and 28 ± 2 °C. A randomized design 2 × 3 × 4 with three replications was used. Physical parameters such as color (L*, a*, b*), firmnness, and fresh weight loss were studied. Results reported that mango fruits stored at 10.2 and 15.2 °C showed the highest firmness values. Skin color changed very fast during the first storage days, while pulp color required more time to achieve mature ripe color. Fresh weight loss tended to increase with storage time and with high storage temperature. The lowest storage temperture retarded softening in mango fruits and firmnness reached the highest values.

Changes in ACC and conjugated ACC levels following controlled atmosphere storage of nectarine

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uthairatanakij ◽  
P. Penchaiya ◽  
B. McGlasson ◽  
P. Holford
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Gaseous Composition ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Low temperature disorders of nectarines are thought to be expressions of chilling injury. Chilling injury is a form of stress usually associated with increased synthesis of ethylene and its immediate precursor, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). However, other mechanisms for the development of chilling injury have been proposed. To help determine the nature of the processes leading to chilling injury in nectarines (Prunus persica) and how the gaseous composition of the storage atmosphere effects the development of low temperature disorders, levels of ACC and conjugated ACC were measured in fruit of the cv. Arctic Snow. These compounds were measured in fruit ripened at 20°C immediately after harvest, in fruit on removal from cold storage and in fruit ripened at 20°C following cold storage. During storage, fruit were kept at 0°C in the 4 following atmospheres: air; air + 15% CO2; air + 15 µL/L ethylene; and air + 15% CO2 + 15 µL/L ethylene. Concentrations of ACC remained low in all treatments and no significant changes in ACC levels due to added ethylene or CO2 were observed. Concentrations of conjugated ACC were about 10-times that of ACC and again were not influenced by the composition of the storage atmosphere. No significant changes in either ACC or conjugated ACC were observed until after flesh bleeding, the major symptoms of low temperature disorder expressed in these fruit, had begun to appear. It was concluded that disorders in nectarines stored at low temperatures are not a stress response involving a disruption of ethylene metabolism but may be associated with differential changes in the metabolism of enzymes associated with normal ripening.

scholarly journals Fruit quality preservation of 'Laetitia' plums under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO ANDRÉ STEFFENS ◽  
CASSANDRO V.T. DO AMARANTE ◽  
ERLANI O. ALVES ◽  
AURI BRACKMANN
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Red Color ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) on quality preservation of ‘Laetitia’ plums, mainly on internal breakdown, in order to determine the best CA storage conditions. Two experiments were carried out one in 2010, and another in 2011. In 2010, besides cold storage (CS; 21.0 kPa O2 + 0.03 kPa CO2), the fruits were stored under the following CA conditions (kPa O2+kPa CO2): 1+3, 1+5, 2+5, 2+10, and 11+10. In 2011, the fruits were stored under CS and CA of 1+0, 1+1, 2+1, and 2+2. The fruit stored under different CA conditions had lower respiration and ethylene production, better preservation of flesh firmness, texture and titratable acidity, lower skin red color, and lower incidence of skin cracking than the fruit in CS. In 2010, the fruit under CA with 2+5, 1+5, and 1+3 had a pronounced delay in ripening, although it exhibited a high incidence of internal breakdown. In 2011, the CA conditions with 2+1 and 2+2 provided the best delay in ripening and a reduced incidence of internal breakdown. The best CA condition for cold storage (at 0.5°C) of ‘Laetitia’ plums is 2 kPa O2 + 2 kPa CO2.

scholarly journals Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Inhibits Fruit Abscission Induced by Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Associated Relationships with Expression of Genes for Ethylene Biosynthesis, Perception, and Cell Wall Degradation in ‘Delicious’ Apples

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Eric P. Beers ◽  
Rongcai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on young fruit abscission, leaf and fruit ethylene production, and expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall degradation were examined in ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). NAA at 15 mg·L−1 increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit when applied at the 11-mm stage of fruit development, whereas AVG, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, at 250 mg·L−1 reduced NAA-induced fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit. NAA also increased expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes (MdACS5A and MdACS5B), ACC oxidase gene (MdACO1), and ethylene receptor genes (MdETR1a, MdETR1b, MdETR2, MdERS1, and MdERS2) in fruit cortex and fruit abscission zones. However, AVG reduced NAA-induced expression of these genes except for MdERS2 in fruit abscission zones. NAA increased expression of the polygalacturonase gene MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones but not in fruit cortex, whereas AVG reduced NAA-enhanced expression of MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones. The expression of β-1,4-glucanase gene MdCel1 in fruit abscission zones was decreased by NAA but was unaffected by AVG. Our results suggest that ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, and the MdPG2 gene are involved in young fruit abscission caused by NAA.

scholarly journals Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auri Brackmann ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Rogerio de Oliveira Anese ◽  
Vanderlei Both
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on gas diffusion and on metabolism of 'Brookfield' apple, and to determine their correlation with quality characteristics of fruit stored in controlled atmosphere. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. After eight months of storage, the effects of water (control), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), ethephon + NAA, sole NAA, 1-MCP, ethylene absorption by potassium permanganate (ABS), AVG + ABS, and of AVG + 1-MCP - applied at different rates and periods - were evaluated on: gas diffusion rate, ethylene production, respiratory rate, internal ethylene concentration, internal CO2 content, mealiness, and intercellular space. Fruit from the control and sole NAA treatments had the highest mealiness occurrence. Growth regulators significantly changed the gaseous diffusion through the pulp of 'Brookfield' apple, mainly in the treatment AVG + ABS, which kept the highest gas diffusion rate. NAA spraying in the field, with or without another growth regulator, increased ripening metabolism by rising ethylene production and respiration rate, and reduced gas diffusion during shelf life. AVG spraying cannot avoid the ethephon effect during the ripening process, and reduces both the internal space and mealiness incidence, but it is not able to induce ethylene production or to increase respiration rates.

scholarly journals Temporal Relationship between Ester Biosynthesis and Ripening Events in Bananas

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sastry Jayanty ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Nicole M. Rubinstein ◽  
Andrés Chong ◽  
Randolph M. Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Ester Biosynthesis ◽  
Natural Ester

The temporal relationship between changes in ethylene production, respiration, skin color, chlorophyll fluorescence, volatile ester biosynthesis, and expression of ACC oxidase (ACO) and alcohol acyl-CoA transferase (AAT) in ripening banana (Musa L. spp., AAA group, Cavendish subgroup. `Valery') fruit was investigated at 22 °C. Ethylene production rose to a peak a few hours after the onset of its logarithmic phase; the peak in production coincided with maximal ACO expression. The respiratory rise began as ethylene production increased, reaching its maximum ≈30 to 40 hours after ethylene production had peaked. Green skin coloration and photochemical efficiency, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, declined simultaneously after the peak in ethylene biosynthesis. Natural ester biosynthesis began 40 to 50 hours after the peak in ethylene biosynthesis, reaching maximal levels 3 to 4 days later. While AAT expression was detected throughout, the maximum level of expression was detected at the onset of natural ester biosynthesis. The synthesis of unsaturated esters began 100 hours after the peak in ethylene and increased with time, suggesting the lipoxygenase pathway be a source of ester substrates late in ripening. Incorporation of exogenously supplied ester precursors (1-butanol, butyric acid, and 3-methyl-1-butanol) in the vapor phase into esters was maturity-dependent. The pattern of induced esters and expression data for AAT suggested that banana fruit have the capacity to synthesize esters over 100 hours before the onset of natural ester biosynthesis. We hypothesize the primary limiting factor in ester biosynthesis before natural production is precursor availability, but, as ester biosynthesis is engaged, the activity of alcohol acyl-CoA transferase the enzyme responsible for ester biosynthesis, exerts a major influence.

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