scholarly journals Reticulated platelets – a new risk factor of atherothrombosis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
S. G. Khaspekova ◽  
O. N. Shustova ◽  
V. V. Bodrova ◽  
A. V. Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Reticulated Platelets ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Average Size ◽  
A Minor

In this review we described the properties of reticulated platelets (RP) and showed how variations of their content might influence platelet activity, efficacy of antiplatelet drugs and the rate of thrombotic events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. RP represent a minor platelet fraction containing residual RNA from megakaryocytes. Platelets have no nucleus and do not synthesize RNA de novo, and RNA of megakaryocytic origin is destroyed during their circulation. That is why only recently produced “young” platelets contain RNA. In healthy donors RP are identified by staining with the RNA specific fluorescent dyes by flow cytofluorimetry or using standard protocols in modern flow haematological analyzers. RP content in blood reflects the level of thrombocytopoesis in the bone marrow. RP on average amounted from 3 to 10% of all platelets in the circulation depending on the method applied for their determination. RP absolute amount and/or their percentage is changed in haematological diseases associated with the alterations of megakaryocyte productive properties. RT measurements in patients with cardiovascular diseases have shown that their content is increased in acute coronary syndrome patients. RP are larger and functionally more active in comparison with not reticulated forms. They more frequently incorporate into the platelet aggregates and contain more intracellular granules. Increase of RT content in the circulation correlates with the increase of the average size and functional activity in the whole platelet population. High RP content in patients with cardiovascular diseases reduces antiaggregative effects of aspirin and P2Y12 APD receptor antagonists and increases the risk of atherothrombotic events.

scholarly journals Reticulated platelets in acute coronary syndrome: A marker of platelet activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2091-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Lakkis ◽  
Hisham Dokainish ◽  
Mohamad Abuzahra ◽  
Valeri Tsyboulev ◽  
Jefferey Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Reticulated Platelets

scholarly journals Species pattern of phosphatidylinositol from lung surfactant and a comparison of the species pattern of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol synthesized de novo in lung microsomal fractions

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Rüstow ◽  
Y Nakagawa ◽  
H Rabe ◽  
K Waku ◽  
D Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Surfactant Phospholipids ◽  
Species Pattern ◽  
A Minor

1. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is a minor component of lung surfactant which may be able to replace the functionally important phosphatidylglycerol (PG) [Beppu, Clements & Goerke (1983) J. Appl. Physiol. 55, 496-502] without disturbing lung function. The dipalmitoyl species is one of the main species for both PI (14.4%) and PG (16.9%). Besides the C16:0--C16:0 species, the C16:0--C18:0, C16:0--C18:1, C16:0--C18:2 and C18:0--C18:1 species showed comparable proportions in the PG and PI fractions. These similarities of the species patterns and the acidic character of both phospholipids could explain why surfactant PG may be replaced by PI. 2. PI and PG were radiolabelled by incubation of microsomal fractions with [14C]glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P). For 11 out of 14 molecular species of PI and PG we measured comparable proportions of radioactivity. The radioactivity of these 11 species accounted together for more than 80% of the total. The addition of inositol to the incubation system decreased the incorporation in vitro of Gro3P into PG and CDP-DG (diacylglycerol) of lung microsomes (microsomal fractions), but did not change the distribution of radioactivity among the molecular species of PG. These results supported the idea that both acidic surfactant phospholipids may be synthesized de novo from a common CDP-DG pool in lung microsomes.

The clinical and pathological features of intraplaque hemorrhage in coronary artery -insights from Japan DCA registry-

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nakamura ◽  
S Torii ◽  
T Ijichi ◽  
K Jujo ◽  
M Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Intraplaque Hemorrhage ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Abstract Introduction Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is known to play an important role in plaque vulnerability in coronary artery. However, the biological reaction in IPH and clinical features of patients with IPH remain unknown, since most histological studies of IPH in coronary artery were performed on autopsy cases. Directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) enables the direct pathological evaluation of collected tissue from “living” patients. Purpose We aimed to clarify the clinical presentations and histopathologic features of IPH using specimens obtained by DCA. Method This multicentral prospective observational study included consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for de novo lesions using DCA from June 2015 to February 2018. Histopathological sections that were collected from coronary plaques by DCA were evaluated and classified by the presence of IPH. IPH in DCA specimens was defined as clusters of hemosiderin (Figure A, arrows), erythrocytes (Figure B, arrow heads) and fibrin (Figure C, arrows) within the coronary plaque. A total of 154 de novo lesions from 154 patients were ultimately analyzed, and were divided into IPH group (n=37) and non-IPH group (n=117). Result Clinical profiles of patients in the two groups were comparable, except that unstable angina rather than chronic coronary syndrome was significantly more prevalent in the IPH group (32.4% vs. 16.2%, P=0.04). Histopathological analysis showed a significantly higher incidence of cellular-rich plaque (46.0% vs. 25.6%, P=0.02) and spindle-shaped cells (18.9% vs. 6.0%, P=0.02), which indicate active cell proliferations, in the IPH group. The prevalence of necrotic core was also higher in IPH group compared to non-IPH group (48.7% vs. 13.7%, P<0.01). Conclusion Pathohistological analysis revealed that coronary plaques with IPH had an active cell proliferation, and patients with IPH likely to had clinical presentations of unstable angina. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Effects of Dust Storms and Climatological Factors on Mortality and Morbidity of Cardiovascular Diseases Admitted to ED

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behcet Al ◽  
Mustafa Bogan ◽  
Suat Zengin ◽  
Mustafa Sabak ◽  
Seval Kul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Inpatient Hospitalization ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Objective. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Desert Dust Storms and Climatological Factors on Mortality and Morbidity of Cardiovascular Diseases admitted to emergency department in Gaziantep. Method. Hospital records, obtained between September 01, 2009 and January 31, 2014, from four state hospitals in Gaziantep, Turkey, were compared to meteorological and climatological data. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) for windows version 24.0. Results. 168,467 patients were included in this study. 83% of the patients had chest pain and 17% of patients had cardiac failure (CF). An increase in inpatient hospitalization due to CF was observed and corresponded to the duration of dust storms measured by number of days. However, there was no significant increase in emergency department (ED) presentations. There was no significant association of cardiac related mortality and coinciding presence of a dust storm or higher recorded temperature. The association of increases in temperature levels and the presence of dust storms with “acute coronary syndrome- (ACS-) related emergency service presentations, inpatient hospitalization, and mortality” were statistically significant. The relationship between the increase in PM10 levels due to causes unrelated to dust storms and the outpatient application, admission, and mortality due to heart failure was not significant. The increase in particle matter 10 (PM) levels due to causes outside the dust storm caused a significant increase in outpatient application, hospitalization, and mortality originated from ACS. Conclusion. Increased number of dust storms resulted in a higher prevalence of mortality due to ACS while mortality due to heart failure remained unchanged. Admission, hospitalization, and mortality due to chest pain both dependent and independent of ACS were increased by the presence of dust storms, PM10 elevation, and maximum temperature.

scholarly journals Renal release of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline is part of an antifibrotic peptidergic system in the kidney

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. F195-F203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Romero ◽  
Nitin Kumar ◽  
Pablo Nakagawa ◽  
Morel E. Worou ◽  
Tang-Dong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Chronic Infusion ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Stop Flow

The antifibrotic peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is released from thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) by the meprin-α and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) enzymes and is hydrolyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Ac-SDKP is present in urine; however, it is not clear whether de novo tubular release occurs or if glomerular filtration is the main source. We hypothesized that Ac-SDKP is released into the lumen of the nephrons and that it exerts an antifibrotic effect. We determined the presence of Tβ4, meprin-α, and POP in the kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats. The stop-flow technique was used to evaluate Ac-SDKP formation in different nephron segments. Finally, we decreased Ac-SDKP formation by inhibiting the POP enzyme and evaluated the long-term effect in renal fibrosis. The Tβ4 precursor and the releasing enzymes meprin-α and POP were expressed in the kidneys. POP enzyme activity was almost double that in the renal medulla compared with the renal cortex. With the use of the stop-flow technique, we detected the highest Ac-SDKP concentrations in the distal nephron. The infusion of a POP inhibitor into the kidney decreased the amount of Ac-SDKP in distal nephron segments and in the proximal nephron to a minor extent. An ACE inhibitor increased the Ac-SDKP content in all nephron segments, but the increase was highest in the distal portion. The chronic infusion of a POP inhibitor increased kidney medullary fibrosis, which was prevented by Ac-SDKP. We conclude that Ac-SDKP is released by the nephron and is part of an important antifibrotic system in the kidney.

scholarly journals Antithrombotic strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Almeida ◽  
H Santos ◽  
M Santos ◽  
H Miranda ◽  
J Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Antithrombotic Therapy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
P2y12 Inhibitors ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Short Period ◽  
St Elevation

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequent in patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The development of this arrhythmia occurs in 2–21% of patients with non ST-elevation ACS and 21% of ST-elevation ACS. According with the most recent European guidelines, a short period up to 1 week of triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) is recommended, followed by dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) using a NOAC and a single antiplatelet agent, preferably clopidogrel. Objective To compare the antithrombotic strategy (DAT vs TAT) used and its prognostic value in patients with AF and ACS. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients' data admitted with ACS in a multicentric registry between 10/2010–09/2019. TAT was defined as the prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy and one anticoagulant and DAT as one antiplatelet and one anticoagulant. Survival and rehospitalization were evaluated through Kaplan-Meier curve. Results 1067 patients were included, mean age 67±14 years, 72.3% male. Patients who developed de novo AF during hospitalization due to ACS were older (75±12 vs 66±14 years, p<0.001) and with higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. AF was more often in patients with ST elevation ACS (53.4%). During hospitalization, AF patients were more often medicated with aspirin, glycoprotein inhibitor, heparin, fondaparinux and vitamin K antagonists. No difference was found regarding P2Y12 inhibitors. AF patients presented more often obstructive coronary disease (normal coronaries 5.4 vs 8.5%, p<0.001) so they were more often submitted to PCI (79.5 vs 70.9%, p<0.001). AF patients presented with higher rates of adverse in-hospital events as re-infarction, heart failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, stroke, major bleeding and death (p<0.001). At discharge, AF patients were less prescribed with aspirin or ticagrelor, but the rate of clopidogrel prescription was higher, such as vitamin K antagonists or any of the new anticoagulants. In the AF group, 21.5% patients were discharged with TAT and 30.3% with DAT. Concerning patients discharged with TAT, 1-year follow-up revealed no significant differences in mortality (p=0.578), re-admission for cardiovascular causes (p=0.301) and total re-admission rates (p=0.291). Patients discharged with DAT had similar mortality (p=0.623) and re-admission for cardiovascular causes rates (p=0.138), but significant differences were identified regarding total re-admissions (p=0.024). Conclusions In patients with ACS and de novo AF, a low percentage of patients was discharged with oral anticoagulation (51.8%). In those whose anticoagulation was initiated, DAT was the preferred strategy. 1-year outcomes were not different between the antithrombotic strategy, except for all cause re-admission. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation of Heart Failure Patients Admitted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Md. Toufiqur Rahman ◽  
A A S Majumder ◽  
Afzalur Rahman ◽  
Abdul Wadud Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Incident Cases

Background: Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that arises secondary to abnormalities of cardiac structure and/or function (inherited or acquired) that impair the ability of the left ventricle to fill or eject blood. The worldwide prevalence and incidence rates of heart failure (HF) are approaching epidemic proportions, as evidenced by the relentless increase in the number of HF hospitalizations, the growing number of HF-attributable deaths, and the spiraling costs associated with the care of HF patients. Worldwide, HF affects nearly 23 million people. In the United States, HF affects approximately 4.7 million persons (1.5 to 2 percent of the total population), with approximately 550,000 incident cases of HF diagnosed annually. Heart failure patients have various presentations and different etiologies. So, this study aimed to see the different clinical presentations of hospitalized heart failure patients. Methods: This study was done to see Clinical Presentation of Heart Failure Patients admitted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka. Total 2112 patients were enrolled for this study during the period of August 2006 to July 2011. Results: Most of the patients (65%) were of 51-70 years age group. 75% (1584) patients were male. 98% patients presented with SOB, 95% patients had basal crepitation, 74% had orthopnoea, 59% had Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspoea (PND), 40% had leg edema and 25% had raised JVP. Average heart rate was 85 beats/min, average systolic B.P. was 118 mm Hg and average diastolic B.P. was 73 mm Hg. 45% population had hypertension, 29% patients had diabetes and 27% had concomitant respiratory illness. Average EF was 38%. Ischemic Cardiomyopathy was the commonest (39%) cause of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome was the second leading (29%) cause and valvular heart disease is the third common cause.Conclusion: Most of the heart failure patients are elderly age group. Most of the patients presented with shortness of breath and bilateral basal creps. Most patients had co-morbid other illness that influences the natural course of heart failure patients. Most common causes are ischemic cardiomyopathy, a sequel of ischemic insult of the heart. So, patients of acute or chronic ischemic heart diseases should be treated and follow up with care, considering their socioeconomic condition also. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19854 J Medicine 2014; 15: 18-22

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