Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership: Collaboration for more effective biosolids management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Speers ◽  
Allen Gale ◽  
Nancy Penney
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Community Consultation ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sustainability Framework

This paper describes an international biosolids management initiative, known as the Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership (ANZBP). The ANZBP - known formerly as the Australasian Biosolids Partnership – comprises 33 members dedicated to promoting the sustainable management of biosolids across the two nations. Two critical research projects are described, each of which contributes to the ANZBP goal of promoting the sustainable management of biosolids. The first is a review of community attitudes to biosolids management, the outcomes of which will be used to refine communication tools and methods of community consultation and which will provide input to policy development over time. The second is a review of regulations in place in Australia and New Zealand carried out to identify inconsistencies and improvements that could be made. An outcome of this initiative is potentially the development of a best practice manual. The relationship of the two projects to a sustainability framework adopted by the ANZBP is also described, as is the relationship of the two projects to each other.

STAGES IN SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Preslava Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Society ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The social policy of a country is a set of specific activities aimed at regulating the social relations between different in their social status subjects. This approach to clarifying social policy is also called functional and essentially addresses social policy as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality in society. It provides an opportunity to look for inequalities in the economic positions of individuals in relation to ownership, labor and working conditions, distribution of income and consumption, social security and health, to look for the sources of these inequalities and their social justification or undue application.The modern state takes on social functions that seek to regulate imbalances, to protect weak social positions and prevent the disintegration of the social system. It regulates the processes in society by harmonizing interests and opposing marginalization. Every modern country develops social activities that reflect the specifics of a particular society, correspond to its economic, political and cultural status. They are the result of political decisions aimed at directing and regulating the process of adaptation of the national society to the transformations of the market environment. Social policy is at the heart of the development and governance of each country. Despite the fact that too many factors and problems affect it, it largely determines the physical and mental state of the population as well as the relationships and interrelationships between people. On the other hand, social policy allows for a more global study and solving of vital social problems of civil society. On the basis of the programs and actions of political parties and state bodies, the guidelines for the development of society are outlined. Social policy should be seen as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality between different individuals and social groups in society. Its importance is determined by the possibility of establishing on the basis of the complex approach: the economic positions of the different social groups and individuals, by determining the differences between them in terms of income, consumption, working conditions, health, etc .; to explain the causes of inequality; to look for concrete and specific measures to overcome the emerging social disparities.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Relationship between Cyniclomyces guttulatus and Rabbit Diarrhoea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Tuanyuan Shi ◽  
Xinlei Yan ◽  
Hongchao Sun ◽  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Lili Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. In this study, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was isolated from a New Zealand White rabbit with severe diarrhoea and then inoculated into SPF New Zealand white rabbits alone or co-inoculated with Eimeriaintestinalis, another kind of pathogen in rabbits. Our results showed that the optimal culture medium pH and temperature for this yeast were pH 4.5 and 40–42 °C, respectively. The sequence lengths of the 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559 bp and 632 bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from dogs and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. In animal experiments, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, even when 1 × 108 vegetative cells were used per rabbit. Surprisingly, rabbits inoculated with yeast showed a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. However, SPF rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis than rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. In addition, we surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found that the positive rate was 83% in Zhejiang Province. In summary, the results indicated that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, although might be an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens, such as coccidia.

scholarly journals Niue's Relationship of Free Association with new Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Quentin-Baxter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Association ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Administrative Assistance

This article provides an account of the relationship between Niue and New Zealand. Because Niue is both a self-governing state and one who has a relationship of free association with New Zealand, Niue's government makeup is both constitutional and contractual. The article discusses the principles of Niue's free association status with New Zealand in light of its constitutional makeup. The nature of the relationship between New Zealand and Niue is discussed in general terms, and the principles of economic and administrative assistance from New Zealand is explored in greater detail.  

Post-natal growth changes in the fibre cortex and medulla of the new zealand romney and N-type sheep

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet P. Tibbits
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Fibre Area ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between cortical area and fibre area has been examined in the N/N, N/ +, + / +, + /nr and nr/nr genotypes of the New Zealand Romney, using skin biopsies taken at birth, 1, 3 and 16 months of age. The presence of the nr gene was shown to reduce significantly the relative cortical area. Within the genotypes there was an increase in relative cortical area with increasing age and in two-tooth ewes of N/N and N/ + there was an increase in relative cortical area in winter compared to summer.Fibre growth rates in length for primaries and for prenatal and post-natal secondaries were found for lambs between 1 and 3 months and for 16-monthold ewes. In N/N, N/+ and nr/nr primary fibre growth tended to be increased and post-natal secondary fibre growth tended to be decreased relative to + / + values.In both cortical area and fibre growth rate the greatest genotypic effect was shown by the primary fibres.Some estimates of cortical volume have been made by combining the information on cortical area and fibre growth rate and the relationship of these factors to follicle density and mean fibre area has been discussed. Finally, an indication has been given of how the associations of all these four factors might be usefully examined in some British breeds.

scholarly journals The Depiction of Antibiotic Use without Presciption and Community Attitudes Towards Drugstores that Refused to Sell Antibiotic without Prescription

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rifqi Rokhman ◽  
Satibi Satibi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Education Degree ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Antibiotic resistance causes reduced therapeutic effectiveness. Understanding of people's behavior plays an important role in countering antibiotic resistance especially by preventing irrational use of antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to depict the experience of respondents in using antibiotics without prescription and the relationship of characteristics of respondents with unwillingness to remain a customer at a pharmacy that had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. The study design applied cross-sectional using a questionnaire, and sampling was done by purposive sampling. Respondents were people who used antibiotics without a doctor's prescription. The survey was conducted in Yogyakarta in September-October 2018. The data were analyzed descriptively and used multivariate logistic regression. As many as 44.2% of the total 670 respondents used antibiotics the last time more than a year ago; 69.5% received information about antibiotics from previous treatments; 93.4% received antibiotics from pharmacies, and 69.2% stated that the most used antibiotic was amoxicillin. More than half (62.2%) of respondents were still willing to become customers at a pharmacy that had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. Respondents with high school education or lower as the latest education degree (OR = 1.513; 95% CI 1.017-2.252); from family income below the regional minimum wage (OR = 1.858; 95% CI 1.302-2.651), and from Sleman Regency (OR = 1.457; 95% CI 1.016-2.089) became a predictor of the unwillingness of respondents to become customers at a pharmacy who had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. Supervision of antibiotic (especially amoxicillin) in pharmacies and education to the community needs to be used as part of a strategy against irrational use of antibiotics. In addition, education needs to be given to pharmacists to reduce fears of decreased in the number of their customers because they refuse to deliver antibiotics without a prescription.

scholarly journals Architecture & the Intangibles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hamish B. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Guidelines

<p>New Zealand has a high rate of mental disorders affecting 1 in 5 people. Current guidelines only outline building typologies and do not question the deeper affect of one’s perception of the built environment.  This thesis seeks to help understand the affect of architecture on mental illness: specifically the condition of depression.  In order to comprehend the relationship between architecture/space and its inhabitant, this thesis will firstly investigate how intangible elements such as colour, light; form etc. can alter the perception and experience of space.  Secondly through case studies, text and drawings the thesis will examine the affect of the intangibles on the state of mental illness/depression. The negative aspect of architecture activating depression will be examined. This will assist in understanding how architecture can positively affect occupants of space with depression.  Architecture and its relationship with depression will be examined to conclude whether it is a contributing factor. Architecture as therapy or as a therapeutic agent is proposed to engage aspects of the intangible.  Investigation and comprehension of depression will lead to the selection of the site and a specific programme; then develop analysis to draw conclusions creating design considerations for treatment facilities. Furthermore it will translate ideas and theories from the framework into tangible physical identities. In depth critical analysis of existing precedents and understanding historical facilities is a key part of this research, building upon discovered issues.  A case study design is aimed at creating architecture as therapy, which better understands the relationship of the ‘intangible’ in architecture. This thesis will propose a strategy to develop the specificity of architecture for therapy, to assist in addressing the specific treatment of severe depression in a New Zealand context, with the hope of increasing the success of therapy and rehabilitation.</p>

scholarly journals Comparing Socio-Spatial Mobility and Its Outcomes in Australia and New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
Distance Minimization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Households choose places from a hierarchy of options defined by social, economic and environmental contexts and these choices are conditioned by age, family status and economic contexts. While we know a good deal about the choice processes we know somewhat less about the spatial outcomes of these decisions apart from the well-established distance minimization of most moves. Recent research has begun to fill that gap and in this paper I unpack an earlier study of mobility across communities clustered by measures of disadvantage and extend that study to a comparable analysis of mobility in Australia. Specifically, I use the New Zealand Deprivation Index and the SEIFA index in the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Survey in Australia (HILDA) to construct matrices of socio-spatial movement and consider the relationship between in-flows and out-flows, the interaction of moves with age and education and the relationship of initial location with mobility outcomes.

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