Potential of zerovalent iron nanoparticles for remediation of environmental organic contaminants in water: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1425-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trishikhi Raychoudhury ◽  
Traugott Scheytt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Time Required

Zerovalent iron (ZVI) has the potential to degrade different organic contaminants. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) can reduce the contaminants even more rapidly due to its small size and large specific surface area (SSA), compared to granular ZVI. The main objective of this paper is to assess and compare the potential of NZVI for degradation of different contaminants in water under specific environmental conditions. As a first step, the potential reactive functional groups/bonds associated with different contaminants are identified and possible reaction mechanisms are discussed. Thereafter, the reaction efficiencies of different organic contaminants with NZVI are compared. Mass of ZVI and reaction time required to transform a certain amount of contaminated water are calculated based on literature data. Sources of contaminants in the environment and their environmental occurrences are discussed to understand the potential locations where NZVI could be applied for removal of different contaminants. Overall it is observed that azo-compounds are readily transformed in the presence of NZVI particles. Reaction efficiencies of ZVI for reduction of nitro-organic compounds are also reasonably high. However, halogenated compounds with high molecular weights or complex structures (i.e., iodinated contrast media, DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.) show lower reaction rates with NZVI compared to the widely studied chlorinated hydrocarbons (i.e., trichloroethylene).

scholarly journals Application of Novel Amino-Functionalized NZVI@SiO2Nanoparticles to Enhance Anaerobic Granular Sludge Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Guan ◽  
Jinquan Wan ◽  
Yongwen Ma ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yajie Shu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Liquid Phase Method ◽  
Microbial System ◽  
Surface Modified

A novel amino-functionalized silica-coated nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI@SiO2-NH2) was successfully synthesized by using one-step liquid-phase method with the surface functionalization of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) to enhance degradation of chlorinated organic contaminants from anaerobic microbial system. NZVI@SiO2-NH2nanoparticles were synthesized under optimal conditions with the uniform core-shell structure (80–100 nm), high loading of amino functionality (~0.9 wt%), and relatively large specific surface area (126.3 m2/g). The result demonstrated that well-dispersed NZVI@SiO2-NH2nanoparticle with nFe0-core and amino-functional silicon shell can effectively remove 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in the neutral condition, much higher than that of NZVI. Besides, the surface-modified nanoparticles (NZVI@SiO2-NH2) in anaerobic granule sludge system also showed a positive effect to promote anaerobic biodechlorination system. More than 94.6% of 2,4,6-TCP was removed from the combined NZVI@SiO2-NH2-anaerobic granular sludge system during the anaerobic dechlorination processes. Moreover, adding the appropriate concentration of NZVI@SiO2-NH2in anaerobic granular sludge treatment system can decrease the toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP to anaerobic microorganisms and improved the cumulative amount of methane production and electron transport system activity. The results from this study clearly demonstrated that the NZVI@SiO2-NH2/anaerobic granular sludge system could become an effective and promising technology for the removal of chlorophenols in industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Removal of Different Kinds of Heavy Metals by Novel PPG-nZVI Beads and Their Application in Simulated Stormwater Infiltration Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4213
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Zhang ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Junfeng Liu ◽  
Ziyang Zhang ◽  
Chaohong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration

Polyvinyl alcohol and pumice synthetized guar gum-nanoscale zerovalent iron beads (PPG-nZVI beads) were synthesized, and their adsorption towards Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions was evaluated. The adsorption kinetics of metal ions was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption rate decreased followed in the order of Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+, consistent with the reduction potential of the ions. The sorption isotherm was well fitted by Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity decreased followed in the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+, which suggested that the strength of covalent bonds between the metal ions and surface functional groups substituted to the beads is one of the major factors in the adsorption process. Adsorption increased with the increase of pH and the largest sorption occurred at pH 5.5, while ionic strength did not significantly influence the adsorption process. The application of PPG-nZVI beads as filling materials in the simulated stormwater infiltration facility shows good removal efficiency in treating the contaminated water containing Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr6+, and Cd2+ and the removal rate was more than 65% at least. The results indicated that the PPG-nZVI beads could be applied as promising sorbents for purification of heavy metal contaminated water.

scholarly journals Direct Synthesis of Novel and Reactive Sulfide-modified Nano Iron through Nanoparticle Seeding for Improved Cadmium-Contaminated Water Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Su ◽  
Adeyemi S. Adeleye ◽  
Yuxiong Huang ◽  
Xuefei Zhou ◽  
Arturo A. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Removal Capacity

Abstract Magnetic sulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) is of great technical and scientific interest because of its promising application in groundwater remediation, although its synthesis is still a challenge. We develop a new nanoparticle seeding method to obtain a novel and reactive nanohybrid, which contains an Fe(0) core covered by a highly sulfidized layer under high extent of sulfidation. Syntheses monitoring experiments show that seeding accelerates the reduction rate from Fe2+ to Fe0 by 19%. X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses demonstrate the hexahedral Fe-Fe bond (2.45 and 2.83 Å) formation through breaking down of the 1.99 Å Fe-O bond both in crystalline and amorphous iron oxide. The XANES analysis also shows 24.2% (wt%) of FeS with bond length of 2.4 Å in final nanohybrid. Both X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer analyses further confirm that increased nanoparticle seeding results in formation of more Fe0 crystals. Nano-SiO2 seeding brings down the size of single Fe0 grain from 32.4 nm to 18.7 nm, enhances final Fe0 content from 5.9% to 55.6%, and increases magnetization from 4.7 to 65.5 emu/g. The synthesized nanohybrid has high cadmium removal capacity and holds promising prospects for treatment of metal-contaminated water.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Using Sequential Sulfurized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron-Persulfate Process to Degrade Tetrabromobisphenol A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tuan Nguyen Quoc ◽  
Khanh Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Huong Ngo Thi Thuy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hanh Tien ◽  
Chau Tran Thi Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Tetrabromobisphenol A ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Anoxic Environment

This study proposed a sequential redox process to partially degrade tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) within a reactor to a great extent. After 72 hours in an anoxic environment, 20 ppm of TBBPA could be effectively degraded by sulfurized zerovalent iron nanoparticles (S-nZVI) at concentrations of 2 g L-1 and 4 g L-1. Biphenol A (BPA) together with tri-, di-, and monobromobisphenol A was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) suggesting that TBBPA was debrominated by S-nZVI in a stepwise manner. Following the S-nZVI treatment, a persulfate-advanced oxidation process (PS-AOP) system with persulfate concentrations varied from 5 to 20 mM was incorporated to degrade the final debrominated byproduct, BPA, for 2 hours. The two-stage anoxic/oxic reactions at the same reactor with initial conditions (0.037 mM TBBPA, 4 g L-1 of S-nZVI, pH 6 in anoxic stage, 20 mM of PS in the latter oxic stage) were investigated. The sulfurized layer played an important role in such a system and hypothetically contributes to increasing electron transfer from Fe0 core as well as hydrophobicity of the NP surface. It was demonstrated that the S-nZVI/PS-AOP system could effectively remediate TBBPA and BPA and consequently provide a promising strategy to remedy brominated organic pollutants in the environment.

Sulfidation of nanoscale zerovalent iron in the presence of two organic macromolecules and its effects on trichloroethene degradation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourjya Bhattacharjee ◽  
Subhasis Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Chlorinated Organic

Sulfidation of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) enhances its reactivity to chlorinated organic contaminants such as trichloroethene (TCE).

scholarly journals Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater by Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jien Ye ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Qiao Xu ◽  
Hanxin Wu ◽  
Jianhao Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Order Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron

AbstractPassivation of nanoscale zerovalent iron hinders its efficiency in water treatment, and loading another catalytic metal has been found to improve the efficiency significantly. In this study, Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were prepared by liquid-phase chemical reduction for removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater. Synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller isotherm, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that Cu loading can significantly enhance the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by 29.3% to 84.0%, and the optimal Cu loading rate was 3% (wt%). The removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial pH and Cr(VI) concentration. The removal of Cr(VI) was better fitted by pseudo-second-order model than pseudo-first-order model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the Cr(VI) removal was spontaneous and endothermic, and the increase of reaction temperature facilitated the process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that Cr(VI) was completely reduced to Cr(III) and precipitated on the particle surface as hydroxylated Cr(OH)3 and CrxFe1−x(OH)3 coprecipitation. Our work could be beneficial for the application of iron-based nanomaterials in remediation of wastewater.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrate on the treatment of lead contaminated groundwater by nanoscale zerovalent iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Su ◽  
Adeyemi S. Adeleye ◽  
Xuefei Zhou ◽  
Chaomeng Dai ◽  
Weixian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron
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