ATEROSCLEROSIS AND INFLAMMATION: GENERAL PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
S. H. Kotiuzhynska ◽  
D. O. Umanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Transport

According to modern notions, atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial process in which the mechanisms of development involved endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, dyslipidemia, disorders of the blood coagulation system, and the like. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are a source of biologically active substances that regulate metabolic processes in the body. It is known that during the development of inflammation, biologically active agents are synthesized and accumulated, which both provide a protective function, and play the role of triggers or lead to the development of additional alteration and the formation of pathological systems. Purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to study the functional state of the lipid transport system and to ascertain the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mechanisms of atherosclerosis. The analysis of the functional state of the lipid-transport system of 221 patients with diffuse cardiosclerosis with different nosological forms revealed a disturbance of direct and reverse transport of cholesterol, but with varying degrees of orientation. Significant increase in the content of saturated fatty acids by 7.51% and reduction of unsaturated. Reducing the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a consequence of increased formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in inflammatory processes of the vascular wall, and indicates a disbalance in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. The deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acid cells for many years models the high potential of endothelial dysfunction, which can be a pathogenetic mechanism not only for atherosclerotic lesions, but also for inflammation of the vessels. Conclusion. The recognition of atherogenesis as an active process rather than a cholesterol storage disease has highlighted some key inflammatory mechanisms. In our opinion, the local violation of the transport of lipids in the tissue is at the heart of the atherosclerotic lesion of the vascular wall, which develops irrespective of inflammation in the vessel wall, but substantially potentiates them due to the action of inflammatory mediators.

ATEROSCLEROSIS AND INFLAMMATION: GENERAL PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
S. H. Kotiuzhynska ◽  
D. O. Umanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Transport

According to modern notions, atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial process in which the mechanisms of development involved endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, dyslipidemia, disorders of the blood coagulation system, and the like. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are a source of biologically active substances that regulate metabolic processes in the body. It is known that during the development of inflammation, biologically active agents are synthesized and accumulated, which both provide a protective function, and play the role of triggers or lead to the development of additional alteration and the formation of pathological systems. Purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to study the functional state of the lipid transport system and to ascertain the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mechanisms of atherosclerosis. The analysis of the functional state of the lipid-transport system of 221 patients with diffuse cardiosclerosis with different nosological forms revealed a disturbance of direct and reverse transport of cholesterol, but with varying degrees of orientation. Significant increase in the content of saturated fatty acids by 7.51% and reduction of unsaturated. Reducing the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a consequence of increased formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in inflammatory processes of the vascular wall, and indicates a disbalance in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. The deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acid cells for many years models the high potential of endothelial dysfunction, which can be a pathogenetic mechanism not only for atherosclerotic lesions, but also for inflammation of the vessels. Conclusion. The recognition of atherogenesis as an active process rather than a cholesterol storage disease has highlighted some key inflammatory mechanisms. In our opinion, the local violation of the transport of lipids in the tissue is at the heart of the atherosclerotic lesion of the vascular wall, which develops irrespective of inflammation in the vessel wall, but substantially potentiates them due to the action of inflammatory mediators.

scholarly journals Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Renal Failure: Role of eNOS Activation and of Oxidative Stress

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Zanetti ◽  
Gianluca Gortan Cappellari ◽  
Davide Barbetta ◽  
Annamaria Semolic ◽  
Rocco Barazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Characterization of lipid transport system in patients with hypoheparinemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Kotiuzhynska ◽  
A. I. Hozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Transport Systems

The state of the lipid transport system in patients with different variants of atherosclerosis, depending on the level of heparin in the blood has been examined. It was found that the content of heparin was lowered in all the examined, the degree of heparin drop was more pronounced in cases of atherosclerosis, enhanced by disorders of blood circulation. Disturbances of the lipid transport systems were atherogenic and manifested as an increase in the content of total cholesterol and VLDL, decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids. We believe that the disorder of the lipid transport system is associated with the depletion of heparin synthesis which should be considered as a possible pathogenesis mechanism of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of cancer Cachexia and tumour growth in patients with malignant diseases: A review

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Symington ◽  
Gerda J Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Reduce Cell Proliferation

Recent studies show that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have the capacity to modulate cancer outcomes. The body responds to cancer in the same way that it responds to inflammation and wound healing. Nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects could therefore be expected to play a role in cancer treatment. This review focuses on the role of ω-3 PUFAs in tumourigenesis and cancer cachexia. Studies indicate that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation may promote arrest of tumour growth and reduce cell proliferation. Patients need to consume at least 2 g of EPA per day for it to have a therapeutic effect. Positive outcomes related to cachexia include diminished weight loss, increased appetite, improved quality of life and prolonged survival, although there is controversy regarding these clinical outcomes. The effects of ω-3 PUFAs on tumourigenesis and cachexia are viewed in the context of altered lipid and protein metabolism. This altered metabolism usually experienced by cancer patients results in increased formation of proinflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines. Cytokines play an indirect role by stimulating the production of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, which support inflammation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis. It can be concluded that ω-3 PUFA supplementation offers a means of augmenting cancer therapy, inhibiting tumourigenesis and possibly contributing to cachexia alleviation. Opsomming Onlangse studies toon dat ω-3-poli-onversadigde vetsure (POVSe) oor die vermoë beskik om kankeruitkomste te moduleer. Die liggaam reageer op kanker op dieselfde wyse as wat dit op inflammasie en wondgenesing reageer. Daar kan dus verwag word dat voedingstowwe met ‘n anti-inflammatoriese uitwerking ‘n rol in die behandeling van kanker kan speel. In hierdie oorsig word daar op die rol van ω-3-POVSe in tumorigenese en kankerkageksie gefokus. Studies dui daarop dat eikosapentanoënsuur- (EPS-)aanvulling tumorgroei moontlik kan stuit en selproliferasie verlaag. Pasiënte moet minstens 2 g EPS per dag inneem om ‘n terapeutiese uitwerking te verseker. Positiewe uitkomste verbonde aan kageksie sluit minder gewigsverlies, beter eetlus, beter lewensgehalte en langer oorlewing in, hoewel daar ‘n geskil bestaan oor hierdie kliniese uitkomste. Die uitwerking van ω-3-POVSe op tumorigenese en kageksie word in die konteks van gewysigde lipied- en proteïenmetabolisme beskou. Die metabolisme wat dikwels in kankerpasiënte voorkom, lei tot ‘n verhoogde vorming van pro-inflammatoriese eikosanoïede en sitokiene. Sitokiene speel ook ‘n indirekte rol deur die produksie van aragidoonsuur-afkomstige eikosanoïede te stimuleer. Laasgenoemde ondersteun inflammasie, selproliferasie en angiogenese, en inhibeer apoptose. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word dat ω-3-POVS-aanvulling ‘n manier is om kankerterapie uit te brei, tumorigenese te inhibeer en moontlik tot die verligting van kageksie by te dra.

scholarly journals Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Goel ◽  
Naga Pothineni ◽  
Mayank Singhal ◽  
Hakan Paydak ◽  
Tom Saldeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids

Fish and commercially available fish oil preparations are rich sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the most important fatty acids in fish oil. Following dietary intake, these fatty acids get incorporated into the cell membrane phospholipids throughout the body, especially in the heart and brain. They play an important role in early brain development during infancy, and have also been shown to be of benefit in dementia, depression, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Early epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between fish consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease. This led to the identification of the cardioprotective role of these marine-derived fatty acids. Many experimental studies and some clinical trials have documented the benefits of fish oil supplementation in decreasing the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. Possible mechanisms include reduction in triglycerides, alteration in membrane fluidity, modulation of cardiac ion channels, and anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-arrhythmic effects. Fish oil supplements are generally safe, and the risk of toxicity with methylmercury, an environmental toxin found in fish, is minimal. Current guidelines recommend the consumption of either one to two servings of oily fish per week or daily fish oil supplements (around 1 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day) in adults. However, recent large-scale studies have failed to demonstrate any benefit of fish oil supplements on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Here, we review the different trials that evaluated the role of fish oil in cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Impaired endothelial functional state in patients with peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer combined with metabolic syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1 (65)) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
O. I. Fediv ◽  
I. O. Sitsinska
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Endothelial Factors

The principal information, dealing with the role of an endothelial dysfunction in case of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the procces of origination and development of metabolic syndrome is generalized in a review paper.The findings, pertaining to the effect of endothelial factors on the development of remodeling the vascular wall in case of gastric and duodenal uncer and metabolic syndrome are submitted.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Phospholipase-Derived Cleavage Products in Regulating Eosinophil Activity: Focus on Lysophospholipids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4356
Author(s):  
Eva Knuplez ◽  
Eva Maria Sturm ◽  
Gunther Marsche
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype

Eosinophils are important effector cells involved in allergic inflammation. When stimulated, eosinophils release a variety of mediators initiating, propagating, and maintaining local inflammation. Both, the activity and concentration of secreted and cytosolic phospholipases (PLAs) are increased in allergic inflammation, promoting the cleavage of phospholipids and thus the production of reactive lipid mediators. Eosinophils express high levels of secreted phospholipase A2 compared to other leukocytes, indicating their direct involvement in the production of lipid mediators during allergic inflammation. On the other side, eosinophils have also been recognized as crucial mediators with regulatory and homeostatic roles in local immunity and repair. Thus, targeting the complex network of lipid mediators offer a unique opportunity to target the over-activation and ‘pro-inflammatory’ phenotype of eosinophils without compromising the survival and functions of tissue-resident and homeostatic eosinophils. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the critical role of phospholipase-derived lipid mediators in modulating eosinophil activity in health and disease. We focus on lysophospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids with exciting new perspectives for future drug development.

scholarly journals Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. NMI.S39043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma A. Abdelmagid ◽  
Jessica L. MacKinnon ◽  
Sarah M. Janssen ◽  
David W.L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Important Study

Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.

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