THE DEVELOPMENT OF LNG LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TO MEET THE DEMAND OF THE WORLD MARKET. RUSSIAN PROJECTS OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the situation on the world markets of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and Russia’s ability to enter this market. This article continues the work carried out 15 years ago on possible ways of diversifying the forms and directions of Russian gas exports [1]. An analysis of the state of the LNG market for this period was made, prospects for the development of world trade in LNG and promising Russian projects were considered.

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Risk and Reliability Analyses for Innovative LNG Offshore Floating Units

Volume 2A: Structures, Safety and Reliability ◽

10.1115/omae2013-10349 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Olivier Benyessaad ◽

Diane Ruf

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Hazard Assessment ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Reliability Engineering ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Offshore Industry

The development of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) offshore industry is viewed as a major improvement in the exploitation of the world’s energy resources. Most energy analysts agree that significant increases in Natural Gas (NG) demand is expected in the next decades due to relatively low prices and an important gas quantity worldwide. In order to develop the use of this resource, many innovative offshore floating installations have been developed and are currently deployed all over the world. However, hazards linked to LNG and due to hydrocarbon releases are not always so well understood or controlled. Thus, in order to quantify and understand these risks associated to LNG treatment or containment as well as their consequences, a number of different types of risk and reliability engineering techniques can be used at different stages of the project. The following will present specific analyses that have been performed on innovative LNG Offshore floating units to provide a qualitative and quantitative hazard assessment by predicting the consequences and the frequencies of these hazards, while improving the reliability of the installation and its availability. The paper will first introduce the LNG offshore industry outlining the different installations possibilities and the associated hazards. Then, based on recent projects, it will detail the risk-based methodology applied to ensure the safety and the profitability of such innovative installations when no rules are able to frame fully the development of these projects. Finally, after having pointed out the ins and outs of risk studies, a case study using most of the methods presented previously will be developed.

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O PAPEL DA PETROBRAS NA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA (2003/2018): ASCENSÃO E QUEDA

GEOgraphia ◽

10.22409/geographia2021.v23i50.a38745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (50) ◽

Author(s):

Álisson Riceto ◽

Ronaldo Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Technological Development ◽

International Market ◽

World Market ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

Management Philosophy ◽

Brazilian Government ◽

The World ◽

Oil And Natural Gas

Entre 2003 e 2018, o Brasil viveu quadros socioeconômicos opostos. Até 2013/14, a economia seguiu crescendo, os indicadores socioeconômicos melhoraram, e muito disso graças aos investimentos do setor de petróleo e gás natural. Dentro desse, os investimentos da Petrobras em desenvolvimento tecnológico e de novas fronteiras exploratórias se destacaram como um propulsor. No entanto, a partir de 2014, uma somatória de fatores promoveu uma reviravolta nesse período virtuoso da economia nacional. Baseado nesse setor energético, o objetivo deste trabalho é esclarecer tais cenários.Palavras-chave: Petrobras; Geoeconomia; Crise.PETROBRAS’ ROLE IN THE BRAZILIAN ECONOMY (2003/2018): RISE AND FALL Abstract: Between 2003 and 2018, Brazil experienced opposing socioeconomic conditions. Until 2013/14, the economy continued to grow, socioeconomic indicators improved, and much of this was driven by investments in the oil and natural gas sector headed by Petrobras. Within these, investments in technological development to make the new exploratory frontier for the pre-salt feasible stood out. In this sector, the geoeconomic performance of the Brazilian government, making Petrobras the protagonist with a new regulatory framework for exploration and reinforcing the Local Content Policy (PCL), in addition to stimulating investments in a large number of complementary sectors, made the state company gain even more prominence on the world market. However, as of 2014, the sum of domestic and international factors brought about a turnaround in this virtuous period. Deeply affected by Operation Lava Jato, by the sharp devaluation of oil in the international market between 2014 and 2016, Petrobras had its direction radically changed, especially in the governments of Michel Temer and Jair Bolsonaro. Since then, dealing with a new management philosophy, it has been reducing its investments and having privatized exploration fields, segments and subsidiaries. In this scenario, stagnant growth and even a reduction in GDP, rising unemployment, currency devaluation, an increase in the concentration of wealth and political instability are latent in the country. Thus, based on the analysis of recent reports and articles, the objective of this paper is to clarify these two moments and show how Petrobras and the oil and natural gas sector are at the center of the recent political and socioeconomic events in Brazilian society.Keywords: Petrobras; Geoeconomics; Crisis. EL PAPEL DE PETROBRAS EN LA ECONOMÍA BRASILEÑA (2003/2018): SUBIDA Y BAJADA Resumen: Entre 2003 y 2018, Brasil experimentó condiciones socioeconómicas opuestas. Hasta 2013/14, la economía siguió creciendo, los indicadores socioeconómicos mejoraron y gran parte de esto fue impulsado por inversiones en el sector de petróleo y gas natural - encabezado por Petrobras. Entre ellas, ganan relieve las inversiones en desarrollo tecnológico para viabilizar la nueva frontera exploratoria del presal. En este sector, el desempeño geoeconómico del gobierno brasileño (haciendo de Petrobras la protagonista con un nuevo marco regulatorio para la exploración y reforzando la Política de Contenido Local - PCL), además de estimular inversiones en un gran número de sectores complementarios, hizo que la empresa estatal ganara aún más protagonismo en el mercado mundial. Sin embargo, a partir de 2014, la suma de elementos nacionales e internacionales impulsó un vuelco en este período virtuoso. Profundamente afectada por la “Operación Lava Jato”, por la fuerte devaluación del petróleo en el mercado internacional entre 2014 y 2016, Petrobras cambió radicalmente su rumbo, especialmente en los gobiernos de Michel Temer y Jair Bolsonaro. Desde entonces, con una nueva filosofía de gestión, ha reducido sus inversiones y privatizando campos, segmentos y sucursales de exploración. En este contexto, el estancamiento del crecimiento e incluso una reducción del PIB, el aumento del desempleo, la devaluación de la moneda, un aumento en la concentración de la riqueza y la inestabilidad política están latentes en el país. Así, a partir del análisis de informes y artículos recientes, el objetivo de este trabajo es esclarecer estos dos momentos y mostrar como Petrobras y el sector de petróleo y gas natural están en el centro de los recientes acontecimientos políticos y socioeconómicos de la sociedad brasileña.Palabras clave: Petrobras; Geoeconomía; Crisis.

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EXPANSION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE WITH RUSSIAN GAS FOR THE ACCOUNT OF ITS DIVERSIFICATION AND USE OF INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS

International Trade and Trade Policy ◽

10.21686/2410-7395-2018-2-133-148 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 133-148

Author(s):

R. M. Zhdanovskih

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

European Countries ◽

Forward Contracts ◽

Eu Countries ◽

The World ◽

Pipeline Systems ◽

The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the gas export of the Russian Federation, as well as to the search for solutions to the problems arising in the process of foreign gas trading by Russian gas companies. It is specially noted that, as a serious shortcoming of gas exports from Russia, it is only one-pointedness to European countries (mainly to EU countries) and Turkey. In addition, it is pointed out that the supply of natural gas (GHG) from the Russian Federation is carried out with a few exceptions only through pipeline systems. All this puts Gazprom and a number of other Russian gas companies in greater dependence, both from direct European importers and from GHG transit countries. It will be possible to solve the problem of diversification and reliability of gas export to the far abroad of the Russian Federation only due to a certain transition to a new technological type of storage and transportation of NG – in liquefied state. In this case, Russian gas companies will be able to export LNG not only via pipelines to a limited number of countries, but also in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by gas tanks to many countries of the world. This will expand the scale of gas trade to the size of oil trading operations. Russian gas companies and Gazprom, using innovative forms of trade in illegal volumes of LNG in the form of spot, futures and forward contracts, will be able to carry out more flexible trading operations and receive increased profits. At the same time, their dependence on European consumers of Russian pipeline PG and transit countries will decrease.

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The Reasons And Problems For The Renewed Interest In Natural Gas And Liquefied Natural Gas (Lng) World Wide During The Late 1980s And Early 1990s

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v18.1049 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 44-53

Author(s):

Zulkifli Abdui Majid

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Energy Security ◽

Energy Demand ◽

World Wide ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Valuable Source ◽

The World

lncrease in world's energy demand, energy security and environmental concern has given rise to a new perception of natural gas and LNG as a valuable source and future resource of energy for the world. Although these factor has renewed the interest of natural gas as a fuel there are a number of problems to be overcome in order to put the projects (especially LNG) on stream. This paper will discuss the reasons and problems for the renewed interest in natural gas and LNG world wide during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

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The Newest Tendencies of the World Market Condensed Natural Gas: Preconditions Expansions of Export Potential Australia, Canada, Russia and the USA

Proceedings of OilGasScientificResearchProjects Institute SOCAR ◽

10.5510/ogp20160200279 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 56-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I.A. Guliev ◽

◽

I.I. Litvinyuk ◽

E.T. Mekhdiev

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

World Market ◽

The World ◽

The Usa

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SELECTING A LOCATION FOR A LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TERMINAL IN THE EASTERN BALTIC SEA

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2014.897996 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Vygantas Bagočius ◽

Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽

Zenonas Turskis

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Energy Market ◽

Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽

Objective Data ◽

Construction Sites ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

The World ◽

Criteria Weights ◽

Selection Of

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry is among the fastest growing energy market sectors. The gas terminal in Klaipėda allows Lithuania to import natural gas from various countries around the world. One of the most debatable subjects is the location of the future terminal. The problem pertaining to selection of construction sites for the LNG terminal should be investigated and solved using the set of multiple conflicting criteria. Many researchers argue that similar problems should be solved by applying several different Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The research presents the model for application of three different MCDM methods and aggregation of solution results for the problem, which is based both on different objective data and on investigation of expert opinions for determining subjective criteria weights for the problem.

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Problems and Prospects of the Helium Industry in Russia

Известия Байкальского государственного университета ◽

10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(4).448-457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 448-457

Author(s):

Genrietta Rusetskaya ◽

Alexander Yuryshev

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

World Market ◽

Added Value ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Gas Processing ◽

Russian Economy ◽

The World ◽

The Cost

The transition to an innovative way of development in the gas industry is associated with deep, comprehensive processing of natural gas, the start-up of manufacturing products with high added value. In terms of proven reserves of natural gas, Russia ranks number one in the world, the demand is constantly growing both at the domestic market and for exports. Natural and associated petroleum gases of many oil and gas condensate fields in Russia are multicomponent systems that contain a number of components important for the gas chemical industry (ethane, propane, butane, etc.). The most valuable of these is helium. The purpose of this work is to study the problems and prospects for the development of the helium industry in Russia and in the world. Using the methods of economic analysis, generalization and synthesis, the authors estimated the volume of reserves of helium-saturated gases in the fields of the country and Eastern Siberia, the state of helium production, the potential for using helium in the sectors of the Russian economy, the possibility and conditions of competitive entry into the world market. As a result, they detected Russia’s technological inferiority in a number of industries, coming from the low demand for helium, the location of potential consumers far from production centers, the high cost of helium production, the lack of reliable methods of its transportation, etc. At the same time, full-scale helium demand satisfaction of Russian industries is associated with the construction of the Amur Gas Processing Plant. The demand for helium in the countries of the world is constantly growing, an increase in consumption is observed in traditional industries and in the field of innovative technologies. The US dominance in the production of helium is gradually declining due to the depletion of some deposits. The authors make a conclusion that after 2030 Russia can satisfy domestic consumption of helium to bring the industry to an effective economic and environmental level and, while reducing the cost of production, become a major participant in its world market.

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