scholarly journals Eco-evolutionary dynamics of intergenomic epistatic QTL under slight and hard multilevel selections in community genetics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Fattahi ◽  
Seyyed Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Community Genetics ◽  
Epistatic Qtl

scholarly journals Adaptive genetic variation mediates bottom-up and top-down control in an aquatic ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1812) ◽  
pp. 20151234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth M. Rudman ◽  
Mariano A. Rodriguez-Cabal ◽  
Adrian Stier ◽  
Takuya Sato ◽  
Julian Heavyside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Community Genetics ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Bottom Up

Research in eco-evolutionary dynamics and community genetics has demonstrated that variation within a species can have strong impacts on associated communities and ecosystem processes. Yet, these studies have centred around individual focal species and at single trophic levels, ignoring the role of phenotypic variation in multiple taxa within an ecosystem. Given the ubiquitous nature of local adaptation, and thus intraspecific variation, we sought to understand how combinations of intraspecific variation in multiple species within an ecosystem impacts its ecology. Using two species that co-occur and demonstrate adaptation to their natal environments, black cottonwood ( Populus trichocarpa ) and three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ), we investigated the effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation on both top-down and bottom-up forces using a large-scale aquatic mesocosm experiment. Black cottonwood genotypes exhibit genetic variation in their productivity and consequently their leaf litter subsidies to the aquatic system, which mediates the strength of top-down effects from stickleback on prey abundances. Abundances of four common invertebrate prey species and available phosphorous, the most critically limiting nutrient in freshwater systems, are dictated by the interaction between genetic variation in cottonwood productivity and stickleback morphology. These interactive effects fit with ecological theory on the relationship between productivity and top-down control and are comparable in strength to the effects of predator addition. Our results illustrate that intraspecific variation, which can evolve rapidly, is an under-appreciated driver of community structure and ecosystem function, demonstrating that a multi-trophic perspective is essential to understanding the role of evolution in structuring ecological patterns.

Evolutionary Ecology of Communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Shan Kothari ◽  
Will Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Community Genetics ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Ecological communities are composed of interacting or potentially interacting organisms. Communities do not evolve per se; rather, they shift in composition, diversity, and structure through time. The assembly of local communities is influenced by both regional factors and local processes, each of which can influence evolutionary patterns and processes within those communities. We start by discussing early ecological and evolutionary debates on the nature of communities and then consider regional-historical perspectives codified by later researchers. We then consider recent research on the phylogenetic structure of communities, considering the myriad local and long-term biogeographic and macroevolutionary processes that can affect it. On shorter evolutionary timescales, we briefly treat the literature in community genetics and eco-evolutionary dynamics, which shows how community interactions can exert evolutionary pressures that then have further consequences at the community and ecosystem scales. In these sections, we mostly draw from studies on plant communities, but we also consider trophic interactions, particularly plant-insect interactions, and animal community guilds, such as Anolis lizards and dragonflies. We discuss the importance of an evolutionary perspective on communities for understanding ecosystem processes, and its relevance for conservation and restoration. Finally, we discuss seminal methods to examine the consequences of evolutionary processes for community assembly.

Evolutionary dynamics modeling of symbolic social network structure equilibrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Weijin Jiang ◽  
Sijian Lv ◽  
Yirong Jiang ◽  
Jiahui Chen ◽  
Fang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Social Network Structure

The Evolutionary Dynamics of Decision Rule Selection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Laver ◽  
Ernest Sergenti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rule ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Party System ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

This chapter extends the survival-of-the-fittest evolutionary environment to consider the possibility that new political parties, when they first come into existence, do not pick decision rules at random but instead choose rules that have a track record of past success. This is done by adding replicator-mutator dynamics to the model, according to which the probability that each rule is selected by a new party is an evolving but noisy function of that rule's past performance. Estimating characteristic outputs when this type of positive feedback enters the dynamic model creates new methodological challenges. The simulation results show that it is very rare for one decision rule to drive out all others over the long run. While the diversity of decision rules used by party leaders is drastically reduced with such positive feedback in the party system, and while some particular decision rule is typically prominent over a certain period of time, party systems in which party leaders use different decision rules are sustained over substantial periods.

The effectiveness of web advertising, its legal regulation and the problem of information systems security

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3(12)) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Samira Ilgarovna Proshkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Information Systems Security ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Web Advertising ◽  
Systems Security ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Display Location

The work is devoted to an urgent problem — the study of the evolutionary dynamics of web advertising, its assessment and effectiveness, as well as the problem of legal support and security of information systems. The goal is a systematic analysis of web advertising in an unsafe information field, its relevance and criteria for assessing marketing efforts, minimizing risks, maximizing additional profits and image. Research hypothesis — the effectiveness of web advertising is determined by the form of advertising, place of display, location of the block, model of calculation of the advertising campaign. An approach based on the establishment of preferences, partnership between the state and business structures is emphasized. It takes into account the COVID-19 pandemic, a slowdown in the pace and features of the evolution of business companies in self-isolation. The subtasks of influence on the advertising efficiency of the site’s features and web advertising are highlighted. A comprehensive analysis of information and logical security and computational models of web advertising companies was also carried out.

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