EXTRACTION METHODS EFFECTING ANTIOXIDANT, ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF GALIUM APARINE

Zerumbone has been reported for their several biological activities. In our interest to this compound, we have identified and analyzed its content in Zingiber zerumbet, a medicinal plant from Indonesian traditional medicine and investigated its inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a known infection bacteria of tuberculosis. Analysis of zerumbone was performed with densitometry to leave, rhizome, flower, and stem of Z. zerumbet which was extracted with various solvent system and extraction methods to determine the best method to isolate zerumbone from Z. zerumbet. Result showed that the highest zerumbone was in rhizome while was not observed in other part. Analysis with various solvent and extraction methods showed the highest yield of zerumbone can be extracted by n-hexane (maceration) and reflux extraction method (methanol). Furthermore, inhibitory activity of zerumbone against M. tuberculosis was tested using Lowenstein Jensen medium by counting the number of M. tuberculosis colony growth in medium. Resulted inhibitory activity of zerumbone at all test concentration (0.5, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005%) with the growth of 10, 12, 14, 15, and 50 colonies of M. tuberculosis was observed, respectively. This is indicate that zerumbone can be used as an alternative choice for treatment tuberculosis in the future.

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α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of the Extracts and Major Phytochemical Components of Smilax glabra Roxb

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190124111435 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Phuong T.M. Nguyen ◽

Quang V. Ngo ◽

Minh T.H. Nguyen ◽

Alan T. Maccarone ◽

Stephen G. Pyne

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Phytochemical Components

Background: A therapeutic approach to treat diabetes is to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia. α-Glucosidase inhibitors from plant sources offer an attractive strategy for the control of hyperglycemia. Smilax glabra Roxb is a medicinal plant found in Asia, including Vietnam, which is used in the treatment of chronic diseases. However, the antidiabetic activity and the identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from this plant have not been intensively investigated. This research was carried out to determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts and that of the major phytochemical components of Smilax glabra Roxb. This could lead to further studies on the role of these compounds in hyperglycemia control, as well as identify their potential future applications. Methods: Column chromatography combined with crystallization procedures were used to isolate active fractions and two major compounds. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of their NMR spectroscopic data, as well as MS data and comparisons made with the literature data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was determined spectrophotometrically using p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds and fractions was determined using the MTT assay. Results: The two major compounds, astilbin and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid together with two very active fractions, F7 and F8, were isolated from the rhizome. The two major compounds had α- glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of ca. 125 µg/mL and 38 µg/mL, respectively which are about 4 and 13 folds higher activity than the reference compound acarbose (IC50 of ca. 525 µg/mL). Fractions F7 and F8 showed very promising inhibitory activities towards α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 5.5 and 5.8 µg/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity data on mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells indicated that the active compounds and fractions were not toxic at concentrations that are greater than their respective IC50 values. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 5-Ocaffeoylshikimic acid and that of the two active fractions are reported here for the first time. Conclusion: The two major isolated compounds and fractions, F7 and F8, significantly contribute to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of S. glabra Roxb extract. Further work is needed to clarify their modes of action and potential application.

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Potential Risk of Higenamine Misuse in Sports: Evaluation of Lotus Plumule Extract Products and a Human Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ching-Chi Yen ◽

Chun-Wei Tung ◽

Chih-Wei Chang ◽

Chin-Chuan Tsai ◽

Mei-Chich Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Human Study ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

World Anti Doping Agency ◽

Study Participants ◽

Phytochemical Components ◽

Β2 Agonist

Since 2017, higenamine has been added to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list as a β2-agonist prohibited at all times for sportspersons. According to WADA’s report, positive cases of higenamine misuse have been increasing yearly. However, higenamine occurs naturally in the Chinese herb lotus plumule—the green embryo of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) seeds—commercially available as concentrated powder on the Asian market. This study evaluated the major phytochemical components of lotus plumule products using an appropriate extraction method, followed by a human study in which the products were orally administered in multiple doses to investigate the risk of doping violations. Comparing various extraction methods revealed that optimized microwave-assisted extraction exhibited the highest extraction efficiency (extraction time, 26 min; power, 1046 W; and temperature, 120 °C). Subsequently, the alkaloids in lotus plumule products were quantitatively confirmed and compared. Human study participants (n = 6) consumed 0.8 g of lotus plumule (equivalent to 679.6 μg of higenamine) three times daily for three consecutive days. All participants’ urinary higenamine concentrations exceeded the WADA reporting cut-off of 10.0 ng/mL. Accordingly, lotus plumule consumption may engender adverse analytical findings regarding higenamine. Athletes should avoid consuming lotus plumule-containing products during in- and out-of-competition periods.

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Antidiabetics, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activity and polyphenolic profile of polyphenol rich extracts from three underutilized and indigenous vegetables (UIVs) from Nigeria

Scientific African ◽

10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. e00628

Author(s):

Oluwasesan M. Bello ◽

Safiya Muhammad Jagaba ◽

Abiodun Busuyi Ogbesejana ◽

Oluwasogo A. Dada ◽

Oluwatoyin Eunice Bello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Indigenous Vegetables ◽

Polyphenolic Profile

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Total phenolics, antioxidant, antitumor, and enzyme inhibitory activity of Indian medicinal and aromatic plants extracted with different extraction methods

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-017-0706-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Shivraj Hariram Nile ◽

Arti Shivraj Nile ◽

Young-Soo Keum

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants

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Water-based extraction methods of Moringa oleifera leaves for xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity

Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) ◽

10.24191/mjcet.v3i1.10984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Mohamad Daniel Mohamad Basri ◽

Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin ◽

Izzati Mohamad Abdul Wahab ◽

Siti Nur Khairunisa Mohd Amir ◽

Norrashidah Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Control Method ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction ◽

Fixed Temperature ◽

Water Based ◽

Ideal Method

The purpose of this study is to investigate the medicinal properties of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves towards xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity by using water-based extraction methods such as boiling extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Boiling extraction is chosen as the control method in this study due to its commonly used in the industry. Water based extraction is investigated to determine if it can replace the conventional extraction method which uses organic solvent and time consuming. Temperature and time were investigated using central composite design (CCD) for maximum xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in SWE and UAE. The boiling extraction is operated at fixed temperature of 100 °C while SWE is utilised at temperature of 100 to 180 °C and UAE at 30 to 60 °C with same time within 10 to 30 min. These variables are used to determine optimum condition on each method for xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of M. oleifera leaves, then compared with the control method to identify ideal method of extraction. Thus, SWE (69.65 ± 0.1 %) at 180 °C and 20 min is the ideal method compared to UAE (48.89 ± 0.3 %) at 60 °C and 30 min and boiling extraction (41.88 ± 0.1 %) at 100 °C and 20 min due to higher percentage of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity obtained on M. oleifera leaves. The findings of this study show that SWE offer better alternative for M. Oleifera extraction towards xanthine oxidase inhibitory compares to other methods.

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