scholarly journals Immunosupressive activity of opportunist pathogens of the infectious-inflammatory process in the urinary tract of men with calculous pyelonephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
L. Sydorchuk ◽  
O. Gavrilyuk ◽  
S. Deineka ◽  
A. Mikheev ◽  
R. Sydorchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complementary Activity ◽  
Antilysozyme Activity ◽  
Ig G ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Objective - identification of pathogens of the infectious-inflammatory process of the urinary tract in men with calculous pyelonephritis, antilysozyme, anticomplementary, anti-immunoglobulin activity and inhibitory effect on the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils.Material and methods. 34 strains of opportunistic taxa were isolated and identified by bacteriological method from 30 sick men aged 31 to 65 years (mean age 48.8 ± 4.27 years). These bacteria have antilysozyme, anti-complementary and anti-immunoglobulin activity, as well as the suppressive effect of supernatants of cultures of calculous pyelonephritis pathogens on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of patients. The determination of the anti-complementary activity of bacteria was carried out using the principle, which includes testing the protective action of bacteria and their metabolic products against the growth of an indicator strain in the presence of a bactericidal substance (complement of blood serum). The antilysozyme activity of pathogens was investigated by a photometric method. Anti-immunoglobulin activity was studied by the method described in the work of I.S. Gaidash et al. Results. The majority of 27 (79.41%) isolated strains of Enterobacteriaceae (84%) and facultative anaerobic and aerobic gram-positive cocci (E. faecalis, S.saprophyticus) (66.67%) exhibit antilysozyme activity of varying degrees. The highest antilysozyme activity was found in the isolated strains of K. pneumoniae, 8.14% lower – in E. coli. Most (64.71%) of isolated strains of Enterobacteriaceae (68%) and gram-positive cocci (55.56%) from the urinary tract of men with calculous pyelonephritis exhibit anti-complementary activity. All isolated and identified taxa exhibit inhibitory activity against immunoglobulins of the main classes: Ig M, Ig G, and Ig A. K.pneumoniae inhibits immunoglobulins of all major classes, the concentration of Ig M decreases under the influence of this taxon by 22.36%, Ig G - by 26.88% and Ig A - by 19.61%.Conclusions. Opportunistic pathogens (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. cloaceae, S. marcescens, E. faecalis, S. saprophyticus) of the infectious-inflammatory process of the urinary tract in men with calculous pyelonephritis exhibit different levels of antilysozyme, anti-complementary activity; reduce the function of immunoglobulins Ig G (by 21.60%), Ig A (by 21.49%) and Ig M (by 14.30%), inhibit the phagocytic activity of neutrophilsby 15.74%, their capturing ability- by 22.59%.

scholarly journals TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION, MICROSCOPIC INDICES OF URINARY TRACT MICROBIOTA IN MEN WITH CALCULUS PYELONEPHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Sydorchuk ◽  
А.О. Mikheev ◽  
R.I. Sydorchuk ◽  
V.S. Dzhuryak ◽  
I.І. Sydorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Class A ◽  
Group I ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

The aim of the study – to investigate the taxonomic composition, qualitativemicroecological indicators (index of constancy, frequency of occurrence, indices of speciesrichness of Margalef, species diversity of Whittaker and species dominance of Simpsonand Berger-Parker) and the immunosuppressive effect of causative agents of calculouspyelonephritis on the activity of the complement system, lysozyme and inhibition of themain immunoglobulin classes (IgM, IgA).Material and methods. Microbiological (bacteriological and mycological) urineexamination was carried out in 30 men aged 37-65 years (48.81 ± 4.27 years), patientswith calculous pyelonephritis. The ecological method was used to reveal the mechanismsof colonization of the biotope by microbiota. The adhesive properties were studied onnative human erythrocytes of group I (0I). Anti-immunoglobulin activity was studied bythe method described in the work of I.S. Gaidash, etc.Results. Out of 30 samples of the research material, 34 strains of opportunistic gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria were isolated and identifed. The majority (86.67%)had a monoculture of enterobacteria, enterococci, associations consisting of two taxonswere found in 13.33% of patients. It has been shown that 97.06% of isolated and identifedstrains from the urinary tract exhibit adhesive activity of varying degrees of activity. Onestrain of S. saprophyticus also exhibits adhesive activity (the average adhesion index is1.83 ± 0.09), which is considered as a non-adhesive strain. All strains of enterobacteriaand gram-positive cocci that persist on the mucous membrane of the urinary tract ofmen with infectious and inflammatory processes of the urinary tract with calculouspyelonephritis inhibit (P <0.05) immunoglobulins of class A (IgA).Conclusions. The infectious and inflammatory process on the mucous membranes of theurinary tract in men with calculous pyelonephritis is caused by facultative anaerobicgram-negative enterobacteria and gram-positive cocci. The presence of an infectious andinflammatory process is confrmed by an acceleration of the erythrocyte sedimentationrate by 76.67% and other clinical and laboratory studies. Pathogenicity factors arerevealed in isolated and identifed opportunistic taxons, that determine the initial stagesof the infectious and inflammatory process (cytoadhesion and colonization of the urinarytract mucosa), inhibit the functional activity of class A and M of immunoglobulins.

scholarly journals Comparing the Performance of the New Fully Automated Urine Particle Analyzer UF-5000 with UF-1000i and Gram Stain in Predicting Bacteria Growth Patterns in Women with Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Shei-Dei Yang ◽  
Chun-Chun yang ◽  
Yi-Shen Chen ◽  
Shangjen chang
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Abstract BackgroudTo compare the performance of the new flow cytometer UF-5000 with UF-1000i (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) and Gram stain in predicting the bacterial patterns in urine samples MethodsWomen with symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection were enrolled. Mid-stream urine sample was collected for gram staining, urine analysis and urine culture. Bacterial patterns were classified though UF1000i (none, cocci bacteria or rods/mixed growth), UF-5000 (none, cocci, rods or mixed growth) and Gram stain. Results Among the 102 samples, there were 10 gram-positive cocci, 2 gram-positive bacilli, 66 gram-negative rods, and 24 mixed growth. The sensitivity/specificity of the UF-1000i was 81.8/91.1% for gram-negative rods and 23.5/96.9% for cocci/mixed. The sensitivity/specificity of the UF-5000 was 80.0/88.2% for gram negative rods and 70.0/86.5% for gram-positive cocci.ConclusionsThe UF-5000 demonstrated the good sensitivity and specificity for Gram-negative bacilli bacteria and demonstrated an improved sensitivity for detecting Gram-positive cocci.

scholarly journals Bacterial-viral Urine Microbiota in Uncomplicated Recurrent Infection of the Lower Urinary Tract: Results of Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Ju. L. Naboka ◽  
M. I. Kogan ◽  
S. V. Mordanov ◽  
Kh. S. Ibishev ◽  
A. V. Ilyash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Lower Urinary

Introduction. Difficulties in the management and treatment of patients with uncomplicated recurrent lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) are largely because bacterial, viral and other components remain unexplored in the etiological structure of the disease.Purpose of the study. To study the urine bacterial-viral associations in uncomplicated recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract (LUT).Materials and methods. The study included 14 patients with uncomplicated recurrent infections of the LUT, the average age was 33.0 ± 4.7 years. The object of the study was the average portion of morning urine collected prior to the appointment of empirical antibiotic therapy. Urine was divided into 3 aliquots: 1 for general urine analysis, 2 for bacteriological examination, 3 for polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results. Aerobic-anaerobic associations were found in urine in all cases. Enterobacteriaceae family representatives were discovered in 92.8% of cases; they were represented by E. coli (78.6%), Klebsiella spp. (14.2%), Proteus spp. (7.1%). Moreover, in one patient at the same time (7.1%) E. coli + Klebsiella spp was isolated from urine.The gram-positive microflora pattern consisted of 7 genera and / or species and in various combinations was found in all patients. The taxonomic structure of the gram-positive flora was represented by E. faecalis (64.3%), S. lentus (21.4%), Corynebacterium spp., S. warneri, E. faecium (14.3% each), S. epidermidis + E. coli was recorded in 4 (28.6%) women, E. faecalis + E. faecium + E. coli + Klebsiella spp. - in 1 (7.1%), E. faecalis + E. faecium + E. coli also in 1 (7.1%) patients.Non-clostridial anaerobic bacteria (NAB) were isolated from urine in all cases with Eubacterium spp dominating. (57.1%). The taxonomic structure of NAB was represented by 5 genera: Eubacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Peptococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp.Viruses were detected in urine in 6 (42.9%) patients. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected in 4 (28.6%) of them, moreover, in 1 case, in association with human papillomavirus (HPV53), in two other cases (7.1% each), cytomegalovirus (CMV) was verified and human herpes simplex virus type 6 (HHV6), respectively.Conclusions. In patients with uncomplicated recurrent LUTI, viruses with a prevalence of EBV were verified in urine in 42.9% of cases (28.6%). Apparently, the treatment of this patients` cohort should be directed not only to the bacterial, but also the viral components of the urinary microbiota.

scholarly journals Laboratory Based Diagnosis of Bacteraemia among Inpatients and Outpatients with Acute Febrile Illness at Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Bacteraemia is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains is a major problem in its management. To encourage the prudent use of appropriate antibiotics in a tertiary care study was undertaken. A total of 282 patients with suspected bacteraemia from indoor and outdoor patients were included in this study. Blood samples were processed in the microbiology laboratory and bacteria were recognized by standard laboratory methods and then antibiotic susceptibility test was performed following CLSI guidelines. Out of a total of 282 blood samples, 55(19.50%) were culture positive. Among 55 positive cultures, Gram-positive Cocci and Gram-negative Bacilli were 48(87.3%) and 7(12.7%) respectively. The most predominant organisms were Staphylococcus aureus comprising 42(76.36%), followed by Salmonella typhi 4(7.30%), E. coli 2(3.63%) and Acinetobacter spp 1(1.81%). Among the isolated Staphylococcus spp, only 6(10.9%) isolates were Coagulase-Negative (CoNS). In antibiotic susceptibility test, all of the isolated bacterial pathogens were found susceptible to imipenem and meropenem (100%). For Salmonella typhi, all 4 isolated strains were found resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (amoxyclave) and cephradine and 3 out of 4(75%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Most of the Gram-positive Cocci (GPC) were susceptible to levofloxacin (90%), ciprofloxacin (85%), and amikacin (83%). Both of E. coli and Acinetobacter spp were sensitive to amikacin (100%). This study stresses the need for continuous screening and surveillance for antibiotic resistance that would influence appropriate empiric treatment and infection control strategies for bacteremic cases.

Incidence and Outcome of Bacterial Blood Stream Infections in Allotransplanted Patients: Rethinking the Role of Fluoroquinolone Prophylaxis

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2223-2223
Author(s):  
Benedetta Rambaldi ◽  
Michele Malagola ◽  
Giuseppe Ravizzola ◽  
Giorgio Giannetta ◽  
Nicola Polverelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Introduction. Blood stream infections (BSIs) represent a common event during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and are associated with high rate of mortality. Prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones is commonly adopted to prevent severe infection during the neutropenic phase. The emerging bacterial strains resistant to these antimicrobial agents could lead to change this type of approach. Patients and methods. We retrospectively analyzed positive blood cultures (BCs) from patients allotransplanted from January 2010 to December 2015 within our transplant program. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was conducted with a quinolone during the neutropenic period, acyclovir and fluconazole starting from the day prior to reinfusion until the withdrawn of immunosuppressive therapy and sulfametoxazole/trimethoprim starting from the hematological recovery. GVHD prophylaxis consisted on cyclosporine and methotrexate in all cases, with the addition of ATG in patients transplanted from matched unrelated donor (MUD) or with cord-blood (CB) units. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide was used in the setting of haploidentical donors. At fever onset, BCs were collected from peripheral blood (PB-BCs) and central venous catheter (CVC-BCs). A CVC related infection was defined when a positive CVC-BC proceeded by 2 hours the positivity of PB-BCs. CVC contamination was defined by the presence of positive CVC-BCs and negative PB-BCs. Empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy was usually conduct with a third or fourth generation cephalosporin with the addiction of a glycopeptide agent, if mucositis occurred. Results. One hundred-sixty-two patients underwent allo-SCT of whom 88 (54%) had acute leukemia (AL); 70 (43%) were transplanted in first CR or up-front; 71 (44%) received a myeloablative conditioning (MAC). The stem cell source was bone marrow (BM) in 33 (20%), peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in 122 (75%) and CB in 7 (5%) cases. Donors were matched related donor (MRD) in 58 (36%), MUD in 86 (53%) and alternative (haploidentical or CB) in 18 (11%) cases. The median time to positive BCs since allo-SCT was 13 days (range -4 - +1482). Eighty patients (49%) had a positive BCs, for a total of 119 samples. No difference in the clinical characteristics of patients with or without BSI was detected (Table 1). The median follow up was 399 days (range 21-2039) for the BSI positive group and 437 (range 12-2157) for the BSI negative (p=0.52). In 43 out of 80 patients with BSI (53%) we observed a correlation between the BCs and an organ involvement (mainly the lung in 34% of the cases). Seventy-seven (65%) and 42 (35%) out of 119 BCs were sustained by a Gram positive and a Gram negative agent, respectively. The distribution and the antimicrobial sensitivity of the different species is reported in Table 2. Briefly, S. epidermidis and E. coli were the most frequently isolated Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, respectively (35% and 20%). 67% of E. coli were ESBL positive and 92% were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Moreover 40% and 90% of P. aeruginosa were resistant to carbapenems and to fluoroquinolones, respectively. Sixty (50%) and 59 (50%) out of 119 BCs were CVC-BCs and PB-BCs, respectively. Regarding positive CVC-BCs, 28 (24%) were CVC related BSIs; CVC contamination was observed in 21 cases (18%). The most common isolate from CVC-BCs was S. epidermidis, with 25 cases (21%). Forty -seven out of 80 patients (59%) in the BSI positive group and 35 out of 82 (43%) in the BSI negative group died (p=0.04). Overall, the infection-related mortality was 19% (15 cases). Species with the higher mortality rate were: P. aeruginosa (50%) and E. faecium (67%). Conclusions: Prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones predominantly selects Gram positive infections the majority of which were CVC related. Infections by Gram negative strains are frequently characterized by multi-antimicrobial agent resistance. These results urge to reconsider the antimicrobial prophylaxis strategy. Prospective surveillance of BSIs is a mainstay in the management of patients addressed to allo-SCT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Pivmecillinam in the Treatment of Childhood Pyelonephritis

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Helin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

In a prospective study, twenty children with a mean age of 4 years were treated with pivmecillinam, 25 mg to 40 mg per kilogram body-weight and day, for acute pyelonephritis. Urine cultures yielded growth of E. coli in sixteen instances, Klebsiella spp. in two, S. saprophyticus in one and a mixed Gram-positive flora in one patient. All children fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for upper urinary tract infection. In all cases where Gram-negative pathogens were responsible, the infections were eradicated. One reinfection was registered in a child with a concomitantly discovered congenital urological malformation. Pivmecillinam also cured one patient infected with S. saprophyticus but was ineffective in the case of mixed Gram-positive flora. It is concluded that pivmecillinam is a valuable new drug for the management of pyelonephritis in children, as most of these infections are caused by Gram-negative organisms.

scholarly journals The effect of Leiber Beta-S (1,3-1,6-β-D-glucan) on the phagocytic activity and oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Mean Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of the Leiber Beta-S (1,3-1,6-β-D-glucan) dietary supplement on the phagocytic activity (Phagotest) and oxidative metabolism (Phagoburst) of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in calves was determined by flow cytometry. Fourteen animals were divided into two groups: a control group without dietary supplementation and an experimental group administered 50 mg/kg body weight/day of 1,3-1,6-β-D-glucan for 60 days. At the beginning of the experiment (day 0) and on days 15, 30 and 60, blood was sampled from the jugular vein to determine and compare immunological indicators. Leiber Beta-S significantly influenced (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.001) the percentages of phagocytic granulocytes (days 15 and 30) and monocytes (days 15, 30 and 60), and the percentage of bacteria engulfed by granulocytes (days 15 and 30) and monocytes (day 30). Leiber Beta-S increased the percentage of cells generating a respiratory burst in the population of granulocytes stimulated with fMLP (N-formyl-met-leu-phe) (day 15), PMA (4-phorbol-12-β-myristate-13-acetate) and Escherichia coli bacteria (days 15 and 30), and in the population of monocytes stimulated with fMLP (day 30), PMA (days 30 and 60) and E. coli (days 15, 30 and 60). The analyzed supplement increased mean fluorescence intensity in granulocytes stimulated with E. coli and fMLP (days 15 and 30) and PMA (days 30 and 60) as well as in monocytes stimulated with PMA, E. coli and fMLP (day 60). The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the effects of Leiber Beta-S on phagocytosis in calves, which have not been investigated to date.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL LYSATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STIMULATE PRODUCTION OF DEFENSINS BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD NEUTROPHILS

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
N. K. Akhmatova ◽  
V. G. Khomenkov ◽  
E. V. Volkova ◽  
E. A. Akhmatova ◽  
I. A. Semochkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Bacterial Lysate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
Bacterial Lysates ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Aim. Study effect of a microbial-origin preparation based on Escherichia coli bacteria lysate (Uro-Vaksom) on defensin production (HNP1-3, lactoferrin - LF) and IgM/IgA in patients with recurring infections oflower urinary tract (RILUT). Materials and methods. 40 women with RILUT aged 18 - 68 years, who received monotherapy with Uro-Vaksom (bacterial lysate of 18 E. coli strains), and 26 healthy women were included into the study. Levels of defensins and immunoglobulins in blood were determined using ELISA (HNP1-3, LF, Elisa Kit, Hycult biotech, Netherlands; Serazym Human IgA, IgM, Germany). Rerate. A reduced level of defensins HNP1-3 and LF was noted in patients with RILUT, that gives evidence on chronical course of the inflammatory process on the organism. Use of E. coli lysate resulted in normalization of these parameters in blood sera of women. IgM and IgA levels in blood of the patients remained within normal values, and use of the bacterial lysate did not affect them. Conclusion. Use of Uro-Vaksom based on E. coli bacteria lysate has immune-correcting effect during therapy of patients with RILUT.

Bacterial Pattern of Community acquired Urinary Tract Infections: A Challenge for Antimicrobial Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Nader A. Nemr ◽  
Rania M. Kishk ◽  
Mohammed Abdou ◽  
Hassnaa Nassar ◽  
Noha M Abu bakr Elsaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common bacterial infections seen in health care. To our knowledge, there is no available antimicrobial resistance surveillance system for monitoring of community-acquired UTIs (CA- UTIs) in our country. Objectives: we aimed to discuss the bacterial pattern and resistance profile of CA-UTIs in Ismailia, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 patients suffering from symptoms of acute UTIs. Urine specimens were collected by clean-catch mid-stream method, examined microscopically and inoculated immediately on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plates. Colony counting, isolation and identification of the urinary pathogens were performed by the conventional biochemical tests according to the isolated organism. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Interpretation was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: out of 400 specimens, 136 of them revealed no bacterial growth or insignificant bacteriuria. Most of participants with UTI were females (81.8%) (p=0.008) and 54.5% of them were married (P=0.1). Gram negative bacteria were more common than Gram positive representing 66 % and 34% respectively. E. coli was the most common isolated organism (39%) followed by S. aureus (32%), K. Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas (10.5% for each), Proteus (6%) and Enterococci (2%). E. coli isolates showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Most of our patients were diabetics (64.8%) (p=0.004). The mean ± SD of HbA1c was 6.4±2.0 with 4 to 12.6 range, S.E was 0.1 and 95% C.I was 6.2- 6.7. The highest mean ± SD of HbA1c was in S. aureus infections. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were most common than Gram positive with predominance of E. coli with significant relation to the presence of diabetes.

scholarly journals Increasing relevance of Gram-positive cocci in urinary tract infections: a 10-year analysis of their prevalence and resistance trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Marianna Ábrók ◽  
Andrea Lázár ◽  
Katalin Burián
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Abstract Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the third most common types of infection in human medicine worldwide. There is increasing appreciation for the pathogenic role of Gram-positive cocci (GPC) in UTIs, as they have a plethora of virulence factors, maintaining their pathogenicity and high affinity for the epithelial cells of the urinary tract. The study was carried out using microbiological data collected corresponding to the period between 2008 and 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method and E-tests. The age range of patients affected from the outpatient and inpatient groups differed significantly (43 [range 0.7–99] vs. 68 [range 0.4–99] years; p = 0.008). 3962 GPCs were obtained from inpatient and 4358 from outpatient samples, corresponding to 20.5 ± 2.8% (range 17.5–26.8%) and 20.6 ± 2.6% (range 17.8–26.0%) of all positive urine samples (p > 0.05); in both groups, Enterococcus spp. were the most prevalent (outpatients: 79.6%; inpatients: 88.5%). High-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci was noted in 31.0–46.6% of cases. A pronounced increase in the number of MRSA was seen in the second half of the study period (0.6–1.9% vs. 9.8–11.6%; p = 0.038). The ratio of VRE isolates was 0.16%, no VISA/VRSA isolates were detected.

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