scholarly journals Intraindividual Evaluation of Reaction Time at the Women’s World Athletics Championships 1999 – 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Peter Mitašík ◽  
Ladislava Doležajová ◽  
Anton Lednický
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Result Section ◽  
False Start ◽  
Reaction Speed

Summary The aim of the article was the intraindividual evaluation of reaction time at the Women’s World Athletics Championships from 1999 to 2019.We generated the rating of sprinters from the age point of view with comparison of two periods with different false start rules. In the result section, we analysed the sprinters that took part at World Championships (WCH) at least 3 times and appeared in the final. We assessed the reaction speed from the ageing point of view, or more precisely with the changing conditions when judging the false start. The results confirm that the stricter start judging rules in sprint disciplines did not have a significant influence on the reaction speed. We also confirmed a research that the sprinters older than 30 years can achieve very low reaction time at the start.

scholarly journals Changes in the Start Reaction Times in the 200 m Run at the World Championships After the Tightening of False Start Rule

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Peter Mitašík ◽  
Ladislava Doležajová ◽  
Anton Lednický ◽  
Dávid Végh
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Final Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
False Start ◽  
Reaction Speed

SummaryReaction time is an important component of the structure of sports performance in sprint disciplines. In our observation, we focused on the men’s and women’s 200 metres discipline at the World Championships (WCH) in two periods. The first in 1999-2009 and the second in 2011-2019. This division was conditioned by the change in the false start rule, which states that any competitor who makes a false start, except in multicontest, will be disqualified (valid since 1st January 2010). This change affected the speed of the sprinter’s reaction. The monitored group were finalists of the 200 m runs at the WCH, a total of 11 events. We used basic mathematical-statistical characteristics and assessed changes in reaction times using parametric paired and parametric unpaired t-test and Wilcoxon test. We compared reaction time in the heats and the finals. We found that at some WCH, worse reaction times were achieved in the finals of both categories compared with the heats. By comparing the reaction speed in the heats with the reaction speed in the men‘s finals, we recorded this statistically significant difference in the first period (p < 0.01) and after tightening the rule at the level of p < 0.10. In the women’s group, this difference was not statistically significant in any period. The percentage of the reaction speed in the final time of the 200 m run was 0.76 – 0.86 % in the men’s group and 0.74 – 0.78 % in the women’s group. The analysis of the results from the WCH in athletics confirmed the importance of reaction speed in the 200 m run.

scholarly journals Influence of Ceramic Particles Character on Resulted Properties of Zinc-Hydroxyapatite/Monetite Composites

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Klára Hosová ◽  
Jan Pinc ◽  
Andrea Školáková ◽  
Vilém Bartůněk ◽  
Petr Veřtát ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ceramic Particles ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Zinc and its alloys seem to be promising candidates for biodegradable applications. Those materials are often modified by other elements or compounds in order to enhance their properties. The combination of zinc and apatites is challenging for several reasons. However, the advantages connected with the biological aspects suggest the need for further research into such materials. In this study, three zinc-based composites with 4 and 8 wt. % of nanohydroxyapatite or nanomonetite (Zn-4MO, Zn-4HA, Zn-8HA) were prepared by sintering and subsequent extrusion. Materials prepared in this way were characterized from the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion point of view. The obtained results showed a significant influence of particle character (amount and morphology) on the strength and ductility of the prepared materials. In case of Zn-4MO, the presence of monetite significantly increased the ductility compared with the other materials. In addition, the increment of the degradation rate caused by the presence of monetite was observed as well. All obtained results pointed out to significant advantages of monetite for the preparation of Zn-apatite composites compared with hydroxyapatite.

scholarly journals Form design in interface of display and control system based on visual search

2021 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Dayan Wang ◽  
Jue Qu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shuai Zhu ◽  
Kang Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Control System ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Color Form ◽  
Color Grouping ◽  
And Control

To explore the design pattern and guidelines for the forms displayed on the interfaces, we studied the factors of form design from the perspective of ergonomics. These factors include orientation (horizontal, vertical), color grouping and color combination. In combination with the analysis and conclusion of the experimental data, we proposed some design guidelines for human-computer interface that has many forms, such as weapon command and control system. A visual searching program was designed to simulate the display interface. Reaction time and accuracy are recorded by orthogonal experiment. Analyses such as double factor variance analysis, simple main effect are conducted on the experimental data. The following conclusions are obtained: two-color form has a faster reaction time than single color form; reaction time of the horizontal form is shorter than the vertical form. Color combination has significant influence on accuracy, and the blue-green is suiTable for form design; color grouping has significant influence on reaction time and accuracy; the interaction of color grouping and color combination shows significant differences. When designing forms in display interface, we should choose the horizontal layout with sparse coloring density as much as possible, and the effect of color combination on the recognition efficiency should be considered.

scholarly journals The role of the time factor in the manager functions

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Éva Bácsné Bába
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Management Work

The role of the time factor in management is increasing. Change directs attention to the time factor from the point of view of the organisation,and management does the same from that of the person. I examined the time management practice of managers of organisations related to agribusiness, and the reaction time characterising the adaption ability of the organisations through a questionnaire survey. I analysed the collected data with scientifically established statistical methods. During studying resources, managing tasks, change, reaction time and effect I explored the features of time as resource, the significance of the time factor, the improvability of time efficiency in the different managing functions, the factors supporting and hindering the quick reaction of organisations, and what rearrangements can be seen in management work nowadays.

A Technology-driven Overview on Blockchain-based Academic Certificate Handling

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Rodrigues ◽  
Muriel Figueredo Franco ◽  
Eder Scheid ◽  
Salil S. Kanhere ◽  
Burkhard Stiller
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Certificate Management ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
The Relationship

Academic certificates have a significant influence on the job market, proving a particular competence or skill of a recipient. However, the ability to verify the authenticity of certificates does not follow its relevance in the labor market, causing several companies to exploit this inefficiency to falsify information or even to make fake certificates. In this context, several proposals based on blockchain appear as a technological alternative to increase the transparency and the ease of verification of these certificates. This chapter discusses the main proposals toward the handling of academic certificates from a technological point of view, discussing the technical aspects that may influence the relationship between confidentiality and transparency as well as application requirements such as performance and reliability in contrast to the blockchain characteristics. Finally, this chapter summarizes the key challenges and opportunities based on this discussion outlining future directions for academic certificate management.

Diffusive Feedback Influences on Hierarchical Information Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Miyamoto ◽  
Jun Hasegawa ◽  
Meihong Zheng ◽  
Osamu Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Orientation Specificity ◽  
Membrane Oscillations ◽  
Reaction Speed

In visual information processing, feedforward projection from primary to secondary visual cortex (V1-to-V2) is essential for integrating combinations of oriented bars in order to extract angular information embedded within contours that represent the shape of objects. For feedback (V2-to-V1) projection, two distinct types of pathways have been observed: clustered projection and diffused projection. The former innervates V1 domains with a preferred orientation similar to that of V2 cells of origin. In contrast, the latter innervates without such orientation specificity. V2 cells send their axons to V1 domains with both similar and dissimilar orientation preferences. It is speculated that the clustered feedback projection has a role in contour integration. The role of the diffused feedback projection, however, remains to be seen. We simulated a minimal, functional V1-V2 neural network model. The diffused feedback projection contributed to achieving ongoing-spontaneous subthreshold membrane oscillations in V1 cells, thereby reducing the reaction time of V1 cells to a pair of bars that represents specific angular information. Interestingly, the feedback influence took place even before V2 responses, which might stem largely from ongoing-spontaneous signaling from V2. We suggest that the diffusive feedback influence from V2 could act early in V1 responses and accelerate their reaction speed to sensory stimulation in order to rapidly extract angular information.

Reaction Speed as a Function of Stimulus Intensity in Normals and Retardates

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred A. Baumeister ◽  
William F. Hawkins ◽  
George Kellas
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Motor Set ◽  
Reaction Speed

The reaction times of retardates and normals were compared as a function of intensity of the reaction signal. Three intensity levels of a 1000-cycle tone were used: 5, 15, and 25 db above threshold. Each S was presented all tones in a completely counterbalanced order. The results revealed that both intelligence groups reacted faster with each increase in intensity of the signal. Since no significant interactions emerged, it cannot be concluded that the groups benefited differentially from increases in intensity of reaction signal. It is suggested that retardates may have a sensory set whereas normals have a motor set in the reaction time task.

Effect of Monomer on Performance of UV-LED Inkjet Ink

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Qing Yi ◽  
Xian Fu Wei ◽  
Bei Qing Huang ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reaction Speed

UV-LED inkjet ink is a promising environmental ink which has advantages as higher reaction speed, higher efficiency and energy saving, better environmental protection, its research and development can contribute to realizing green printing and its important for food packing security. Monomer is the important component of the UV-LED ink, in order to investigate the impact of monomer on dispersivity of UV-LED inkjet ink, seven kinds of monomers were chosen to prepare cyan color paste respectively and test their particle size and distribution. Then the ratio of co-monomers was achieved by formulation experiment to obtain the best dispersivity. In order to improve the performance of the UV-LED inkjet ink, different monomers were used to make ink samples separately, viscosity, surface tension, curing rate of the ink and flexibility and adhesion were tested. In the end, the ratio of co-monomers was achieved by formulation experiment to obtain the best overall performance. The results show that the monomer has a significant influence on the dispersion and curing rate of the UV-LED inkjet ink, but also has a great impact on film-forming properties of the ink after UV-LED curing.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Light Reaction Exercises on Agility-Quickness and Reaction Time of the U-20 Eootball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11a) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Onur Vurmaz ◽  
Bergun Meric Bingul
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Standard Training ◽  
Reaction Speed ◽  
Effect Of Light

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of light reaction exercises on agility-quickness and reaction time of the U-20 Eootball Players. 20 male football players from the YeniMalatyaspor participated in this study voluntarily. T-test for agility-quickness, foot reaction test with Light-Trainer device for foot reaction speed were done before and after trainings. While the control group continued with the standard training, the exercise group performed the standard training exercises with Light-Trainer device for eight weeks. According to the results, the exercise group improved statistically (p<0.05). İt was observed that the exercises performed with Light-Trainer device had positive effects on agility-quickness and reaction speed over U-20 football players and  improved their features. İt was thought that such education would be very useful in the cognitive training of young athletes.

scholarly journals Innovation Within The Moravskoslezský Region – Small And Medium Sized Enterprises

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vendula Fialová ◽  
Pavlina Hronová
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
A Company

The paper focuses on innovation in the Moravian-Silesian Region in the sector ofsmall and medium enterprises. The article presents the results of research which hasdealt with innovations in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular with types of innovations which have been implemented in this sector. Furthermore, it evaluates the impacts of their implementation on selected areas and how the size of a company influences the effects of implemented innovations within the selected areas. The greatest influences from the point of view of the effect of implemented innovation have been discovered in criteria focused on the observation of the market and a less significant influence in a criterion focused on social sector.

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