Surface roughness analysis of prepolymerized CAD/CAM dental acrylic resins following combined surface treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afnan Alfouzan ◽  
Alhanouf Alnouwaisar ◽  
Njood Alazzam ◽  
Hanan AL-Otaibi ◽  
Nawaf Labban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dental Acrylic ◽  
Cad Cam

Abstract Oral dentures are subjected to mechanical and chemical cleansing processes. However, these processes alter the physical and mechanical properties of denture acrylic resins. This study analyzes the surface roughness of conventional heat-cured (HC) polymethacrylate, light-cured (LC) urethane dimethacrylate, and prepolymerized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental acrylic resins. The materials were subjected to combined surface treatment of mechanical brushing, thermal cycling, and immersion in chemical disinfectants (corega, chlorhexidine gluconate [CHG], and sodium hypochlorite) to simulate 1 year of clinical use. The surface roughness of the resin specimens before and after surface treatment was evaluated using a noncontact profilometer. Statistical tests based on analysis of variance revealed significant interactions between resin type and disinfectants, indicating that the effects of these two factors were interdependent. The highest and lowest surface roughness was observed in HC resins immersed in CHG and CAD/CAM resins immersed in sodium hypochlorite. Among the materials, HC resins demonstrated the overall highest mean roughness, followed by LC and CAD/CAM resins. Regarding the disinfectant use, the highest mean roughness was observed in disks immersed in CHG, followed by those immersed in corega and sodium hypochlorite. The prepolymerized CAD/CAM acrylic resin demonstrated superior surface quality following combined surface treatments. The HC and LC resins exceeded the roughness threshold and the reported roughness values for acrylic resins following surface treatments. Among the disinfectants tested, sodium hypochlorite produced overall low roughness values.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Surface Characteristics of Dental CAD/CAM Materials after Different Surface Treatments

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Kimon Pahinis ◽  
Kyriaki Saltidou ◽  
Dimitrios Dionysopoulos ◽  
Effrosyni Tsitrou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Materials Used

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology was developed to ensure the sufficient strength of tooth restorations, to improve esthetic restorations with a natural appearance and to make the techniques easier, faster and more accurate. In the view of the limited research on the surface treatments of the CAD/CAM materials and the need to evaluate the ideal surface characteristics of a material to achieve the best adhesion to tooth tissues, this study aimed to investigate the surface roughness and morphology of four different CAD/CAM materials using four different surface treatments. The CAD/CAM materials used in this study were three composites (Shofu Block HC, Lava Ultimate and Brilliant Crios) and a hybrid ceramic (Enamic). The surface of the specimens of each material received one of the following treatments: no surface treatment, sandblasting with 29 μm Al2O3 particles, 9% hydrofluoric acid etching and silane application, and the tribochemical method using CoJet System. Surface roughness was evaluated using optical profilometry, and surface morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. All surface treatments resulted in higher surface roughness values compared to the control group. Different treatments affected the surface properties of the materials, presumably due to discrepancies in their composition and structure.

Surface Roughness of Two CAD/CAM Restorative Materials as Affected by Chewing Simulation v1

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
eaeldwakhly not provided
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chewing Simulation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Individual

This study was conducted to assess the surface characteristics in terms of roughness of two CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing)restorative material spre and post chewing simulation exposure. Methods: Specimens were prepared from two CAD/CAM ceramic materials: Cerec Blocs C and IPS e-max ZirCAD. A total of 10 disks were prepared for each study group. 3D optical noncontact surface profiler was used to test the surface roughness (ContourGT, Bruker, Campbell, CA, USA). A silicone mold was used to fix the individual samples using a self-curing resin. Surface roughness (SR) was examined pre and post exposure to chewing simulation. 480,000 simulated chewing cycles were conducted to mimic roughly two years of intraoral clinical service. The results data was first tested for normality and equal variance (Levene’s test >0.05) then examined with paired and independent sample t-test at a significance level of (p < 0.05). Results:The two CAD-CAM materials tested exhibited increased surface roughness from baseline. The highest mean surface roughness was observed in Cerec blocs C group after chewing simulation (2.34 µm± 0.62 µm). Whereas the lowest surface roughness was observed in IPS e.max ZirCAD group before chewing simulation (0.42 µm± 0.16 µm). Both study groups exhibited significantly different surface roughness values (p< 0.05). There was a statistically higher surface roughness values after the chewing simulation in Cerec blocs C when compared to IPS e.max ZirCAD groups (p = 0.000).Conclusion:Even though both tested CAD/CAM materials differ in recorded surface roughness values, results were within clinically accepted values.

Evaluation of Polishing Systems for CAD/CAM Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic-Network Restorations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Jurado ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
H Watanabe ◽  
NG Fischer ◽  
JA Hasslen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
A Company

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different polishing systems on a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network restoration with nanoscale assessment using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and visual assessment performed by dental school senior students and faculty members. Method: Forty-eight full coverage crowns were milled out of polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic) for polishing with one company proprietary, two ceramic and two composite polishing systems. The prepared crowns were divided into six groups: (1) no polishing (control); (2) polishing with Vita Enamic Polishing Kit (VEna); (3) polishing with Shofu Porcelain Laminate Polishing Kit (SCer); (4) polishing with Brasseler Dialite Feather lite All- Ceramic Adjusting & Polishing System (BCer); (5) polishing with Shofu Composite Polishing Kit (SCom); and (6) polishing with Brasseler Composite Polishing Kit (BCom). The polished crown surface topography was observed, and surface roughness and area were measured with AFM. In addition, polished crowns were visually assessed by 15 senior dental students and 15 dental school faculty members. Results: All polishing treatments significantly reduced the surface roughness and area of the crown compared with the control. SCom and BCom showed significantly higher surface area than VEna, and the SCer and BCer groups were intermediate, showing no significant difference from either VEna or SCom and BCom. There were no significant differences in surface roughness between any of the systems. Dental students and faculty members classified the groups polished with VEna, SCer, and BCer groups as clinically acceptable, and they selected BCer group as the best polished restorations and the control group as the least polished restorations. Conclusions: Ceramic and composite polishing systems produced similar polishing results as that observed using a company proprietary polishing system. However, effectiveness for polishing using a company proprietary and ceramic polishing system tends to be higher than composite polishing systems.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Wear Ability of Five CAD/CAM Dental Blocks

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin ◽  
Jang ◽  
Lee ◽  
Bae
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

This study compares the mechanical properties and wear ability of five CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) millable dental blocks. All the discs, including Amber Mill Hybrid, Vita Enamic, Katana Avencia, Lava Ultimate, and Amber Mill, were cut in dimensions of 1.2 mm in thickness and 12 mm in diameter, polished to a machined surface, and immersed in distilled water for seven days. Vickers hardness was measured and the indentations were observed using microscope. The discs were brushed under a 150 g load. Mean surface roughness (Ra) and topography were determined after 100,000 cycles. Finally the biaxial flexure strength of the discs was measured and the broken surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was subjected to Weibull analysis. All data were analyzed by one-way analysis (ANOVA). The results of Vickers hardness are shown as: Amber Mill > Vita Enamic > Amber Mill Hybrid > Lava Ultimate > Katana Avencia. Katana Avencia showed the highest volume percentage reduction and the roughest surface after toothbrushing. The biaxial flexural strength is shown as: Amber Mill > Katana Avencia > Lava Ultimate > Amber Mill Hybrid > Vita Enamic. All the tested materials exhibited varying degrees of mass loss and surface roughness. The properties of the composite materials are related to the filler content, filler volume, and polymerization methods.

scholarly journals Atomic Force Microscope Surface Roughness Analysis of Surface Treated Ceramics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (D) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Amna Salem ◽  
Cherif Mohsen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Atomic Force

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two types of ceramic after different surface treatments using an atomic force microscope (AFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty disks were fabricated of the two types of ceramic eighty disks of lithium disilicate (LD) (IPS e. max computer-aided design [CAD]) and eighty disks of hybrid ceramic (VITA Suprinity pc). Disks were subdivided into four groups according to the surface treatment (n = 20). Eighty disks of (IPS e. max CAD) were subdivided into LD I: control (no treatment), LD II: Sandblasting (Al2O3, 50 μm particle size), LD III: Hydrofluoric acid etching, and LD IV: Tribochemical surface treatment. Eighty disks of (VITA Suprinity pc) were subdivided into HD I: control (no treatment), HD II: Sandblasting (Al2O3, 50 μm particle size), HD III: Hydrofluoric acid etching, and HD IV: Tribochemical surface treatment. Then, surface treated disks surface roughness was analyzed by AFM (ThermoMicroscope, Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The results were analyzed using SPSS program software version 25. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test with significance level 0.05. RESULTS: Tribochemical surface treatment groups of both types of ceramic L.D IV (279 ± 147 nm) and H.D IV (269.8 ± 142.2 nm) had the highest mean Ra values followed by surface abrasion with Al2O3 50 μ; L.D II (265.5 ± 140 nm), H.D II (204.5 ± 107.7 nm), hydrofluoric acid etching then control groups. CONCLUSION: Different surface treatments increased surface roughness significantly for both types of ceramic.

scholarly journals Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa H Bhandi ◽  
Mohamed Moustafa Awad ◽  
H Alqahtani ◽  
A Al-Mudahi ◽  
MS Murayshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

ABSTRACT Aim To review the adhesive bonding to different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) esthetic restorative materials. Background The use of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials has gained popularity in recent years. Several CAD/ CAM esthetic restorative materials are commercially available. Adhesive bonding is a major determinant of success of CAD/ CAM restorations. Review result An account of the currently available bonding strategies are discussed with their rationale in various CAD/ CAM materials. Conclusion Different surface treatment methods as well as adhesion promoters can be used to achieve reliable bonding of CAD/CAM restorative materials. Selection of bonding strategy to such material is determined based on its composition. Further evidence is required to evaluate the effect of new surface treatment methods, such as nonthermal atmospheric plasma and self-etching ceramic primer on bonding to different dental ceramics. Clinical significance An understanding of the currently available bonding strategies to CA/CAM materials can help the clinician to select the most indicated system for each category of materials. How to cite this article Awad MM, Alqahtani H, Al-Mudahi A, Murayshed MS, Alrahlah A, Bhandi SH. Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):622-626.

scholarly journals Effects of Artificial Tooth Brushing and Hydrothermal Aging on the Mechanical Properties and Color Stability of Dental 3D Printed and CAD/CAM Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6207
Author(s):  
Na-Eun Nam ◽  
Seung-Ho Shin ◽  
Jung-Hwa Lim ◽  
June-Sung Shim ◽  
Jong-Eun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Hydrothermal Aging ◽  
Denture Teeth ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

This study analyzed the surface roughness and waviness, Vickers hardness (VHN), and color changes of six types of 3D printed resins and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials after artificial toothbrushing. The average surface roughness height (Ra) change of Formlabs denture teeth A2 resin (FMLB) was not significant between after artificial toothbrushing (0.17 ± 0.02 μm and 0.17 ± 0.05 μm, respectively; mean ± standard deviation). However, the Ra value increased significantly in all remaining groups. Regarding waviness, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) had the largest increases in average waviness height (Wa) and maximum surface waviness height (Wz) between, before (0.43 ± 0.23 μm and 0.08 ± 0.02 μm), and after (8.67 ± 4.03 μm, 1.30 ± 0.58 μm) toothbrushing. There were no significant changes in Wa for Formlabs denture teeth A2 resin (FMLB) and NextDent C&B (NXT). After artificial toothbrushing, the dispersed-filler composite (DFC) group had the largest color difference (ΔE, of 2.4 ± 0.9), and the remaining materials had smaller changes than the clinical acceptance threshold of ΔE = 2.25. The VHN of FMLB and NXT were 9.1 ± 0.4 and 15.5 ± 0.4, respectively, and were not affected by artificial toothbrushing. The flexural strengths of the 3D printed materials were 139.4 ± 40.5 MPa and 163.9 ± 14.0 MPa for FMLB and NXT, respectively, which were similar to those of the polycarbonate and PMMA groups (155.2 ± 23.6 MPa and 108.0 ± 8.1 MPa, respectively). This study found that the evaluated 3D printed materials had mechanical and optical properties comparable to those of CAD/CAM materials and were stable even after artificial toothbrushing and hydrothermal aging.

Effect of Simulated Mastication on the Surface Roughness and Wear of Machinable Ceramics and Opposing Dental Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Daryakenari ◽  
H Alaghehmand ◽  
A Bijani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Aided Design

SUMMARY Objective: Computer aided design-computer aided machining (CAD-CAM) ceramic crowns are replacing ceramo-metal ones due to newly developed mechanical properties and esthetics. To obtain knowledge about their interactions due to polishing and occlusal contacts with the opposing dental enamel specimen, including surface roughness and wear, the three-body wear simulation was investigated. Methods and Materials: The surface roughness (RA) and wear rate (mm) of four CAD-CAM blocks with different compositions including Vita Mark II, e.max, Suprinity, and Enamic, after two surface treatments of glazing and polishing, and their opposing enamel specimens, were investigated using a mastication simulator and atomic force microscope. Results: The roughness of all ceramic and to a greater extent enamel samples, with the exception of enamel opposing polished Enamic samples, was decreased after wear. No significant difference in wear was evident for the ceramic samples between the glazed and polished treatments. Lower wear rates were recorded only for polished Vita Mark II and polished Enamic in comparison to the glazed ones. Conclusion: The newly developed polishing systems for CAD-CAM ceramics can be good alternatives to reglazing, because the roughness and wear rate of both the ceramic and the opposing enamel will either not change or decrease.

scholarly journals Effect of Pressure and Particle Size During Aluminum Oxide Air Abrasion on the Flexural Strength of Disperse-Filled Composite and Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Jong-Eun Kim ◽  
Jung-Hwa Lim ◽  
You-Jung Kang ◽  
Jee-Hwan Kim ◽  
June-Sung Shim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

Esthetic dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymers such as disperse-filled composites (DFC) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks (PICN) should be subjected to surface treatment before bonding. However, such treatment can lead to defect formation and a decrease in strength. Therefore, in this study, we compared the flexural strengths of DFC and PICN materials air-abraded with alumina particles of different sizes at different pressures. In addition to Weibull analysis, the samples (untreated and treated) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Both DFC and PICN exhibited the lowest flexural strength at large particle sizes and high pressures. Therefore, we optimized the air abrasion parameters to maintain the flexural strength and significantly increase surface roughness. In the case of DFC, the optimal particle size and pressure conditions were 50 µm at 2 bar and 110 µm at 1 bar, while for PICN, the best performance was obtained using Al2O3 particles with a size of 50 µm at 1 bar. This study reveals that optimization of the surface treatment process is crucial in the fabrication of high-performance clinical materials for dental restorations.

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