scholarly journals Mean Length of Utterance of Children at the Trihita Alam Eco School

HUMANIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Ari Laras Utami ◽  
I Nengah Sudipa
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Children ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Audio Recording ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

The aim of the study is mainly at testing the theory of Brown on the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU). Methods applied in this study were observation and audio recording technique. The data in this study were the utterances produced by students of Trihita Alam Eco School. There were sixteen children ranging from 4 to 6 years participating in this study (M=5.4). The children observed in this study are healthy children both physically and psychologically. The written permission from the school has been obtained to conduct the study. The results show that the sentence structures produced by children are quite well-organized and are able to place language functions clearly. The calculation of the MLU value in the research subjects show that Brown's theory which states that children at age 47 months have the MLU of 4.5 are mostly correct. The assumption that children who have the same ages doesn’t imply that they have the same MLU is proven right.

The Concurrent Validity of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory as a Measure of Young Children's Language Development

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce Tomblin ◽  
Cynthia M. Shonrock ◽  
James C. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Language Measure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Child Development Inventory ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

The extent to which the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI), could be used to estimate levels of language development in 2-year-old children was examined. Fifty-seven children between 23 and 28 months were given the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD), and at the same time a parent completed the MCDI. In addition the mean length of utterance (MLU) was obtained for each child from a spontaneous speech sample. The MCDI Expressive Language scale was found to be a strong predictor of both the SICD Expressive scale and MLU. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale, presumably a receptive language measure, was moderately correlated with the SICD Receptive scale; however, it was also strongly correlated with the expressive measures. These results demonstrated that the Expressive Language scale of the MCDI was a valid predictor of expressive language for 2-year-old children. The MCDI Comprehension-Conceptual scale appeared to assess both receptive and expressive language, thus complicating its interpretation.

An Examination of Language Samples Obtained under Three Experimental Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise D. Stalnaker ◽  
Nancy A. Creaghead
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Language Sample

Language samples were obtained from 12 Head Start preschool children under the following three experimental conditions: Condition I, Retelling a Story with Toys; Condition II, Playing with Toys; Condition III, Toys with Questions. The quantity and quality of the three samples gathered from each child were compared by analyzing the total number of utterances, the proportion of the total utterances which were sentence fragments, the number of transformations and adverbial expansions, the number of different semantic relationships, and the mean length of utterance (MLU). Results indicated that retelling a story produced the largest MLU, but toys and questions produced more utterances. These findings indicated that questioning children does not inhibit their language and asking them to retell a story may be a fruitful approach to use when gathering a language sample.

Complex Syntax Production of African American Preschoolers

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Jackson ◽  
Joanne E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
American English ◽  
African American English ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Complex Syntax ◽  
The Mean ◽  
American Children ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

This study examined changes in the complex syntax production of 85 3- and 4-year-old African American children and the role of child (i.e., gender, age, African American English) and family (i.e., home environment) factors. The mean percentage of utterances containing one or more complex syntax forms was 6.2% at 3 years and 11.7% at 4 years. Girls produced more complex syntax forms than did boys. Complex syntax production increased significantly between age 3 and age 4 and correlated positively with mean length of utterance in words. Children from more responsive and stimulating home environments produced more complex syntax at 4 years. African American English was not related to the amount of complex syntax used.

URINARY CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION BY HEALTHY CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Mary L. Voorhess
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urinary Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
The Mean

There is increase in the daily urinary excretion of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) with age. The mean output in micrograms per 24 hours for various age groups is as follows: birth to 1 year-DA 60.9 (± 24.3), NE 10.6 (± 3.4), E 1.3 (± 1.2), VMA 569 (± 309); 1 through 5 years—DA 124.1 (± 40.7), NE (18.8 ± 7.0), E 3.2 (± 2.7), VMA 1348 (± 433); 6 through 15 years—DA 169.3 (± 72.6), NE 37.4 (± 16.6), E 4.8 (± 2.4), VMA 2373 (± 698); over 15 years—DA 249.1 (± 74.9), NE 50.7 (± 15.7), E 7.1 (± 3.3), VMA 3192 (± 699). The studies suggest that the daily output of these compounds in the various age groups is similar when related to body surface area after infancy.

Changes in ocular pulse amplitude and choroidal thickness in childhood obesity patients with and without insulin resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110393
Author(s):  
Gözde Aksoy Aydemir ◽  
Emre Aydemir ◽  
Abdulvahit Asik ◽  
Semih Bolu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Ocular Pulse Amplitude ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ocular Pulse

Purpose: To compare choroidal thickness (CT) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in childhood obesity with insulin resistance (IR) and without IR. Methods: Seventy-three childhood obesity and 62 healthy children, who were both age-matched and gender-matched, comprised the study population in this prospective study. Obesity was determined as having a body mass index (BMI) – standard deviation (SD) score that was > 2 SD. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and OPA were measured using a dynamic contour tonometer. The CT measurements were performed using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography at three locations, comprising at the fovea, at a position 500 µm nasal, and also at a position 500 µm temporal to the fovea. Results: Mean BMI value was 28.72 ± 4.85 in the patients with childhood obesity and 21.47 ± 1.14 in the control group. The mean IOP and OPA values were determined 15.90 ± 2.30 and 14.10 ± 2.16 mm Hg, 1.50 ± 0.28 and 1.74 ± 0.32 mm Hg in the patients with childhood obesity and the control group, respectively ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The mean subfoveal CT value was 350.50 ± 81.51 μm in the eyes with childhood obesity and 390.02 ± 71.50 μm in those of the control group ( p = 0.003). When the patient groups with and without IR were compared, no significant difference was found between CT, OPA and IOP values ( p > 0.005). Conclusions: Our results showed that both OPA and CT values were significantly decreased in childhood obesity patients. We suggest further studies to verify longitudinal changes in OPA and CT, as also the evaluation of these parameters in other populations.

Human Foramen Magnum Area and Posterior Cranial Fossa Volume Growth in Relation to Cranial Base Synchondrosis Closure in the Course of Child Development

Neurosurgery ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Coll ◽  
Jean-Jacques Lemaire ◽  
Federico Di Rocco ◽  
Isabelle Barthélémy ◽  
Jean-Marc Garcier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract BACKGROUND: To date, no study has compared the evolution of the foramen magnum area (FMA) and the posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV) with the degree of cranial base synchondrosis ossification. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate these features in healthy children. METHODS: The FMA, the PCFV, and the ossification of 12 synchondroses according to the Madeline and Elster scale were retrospectively analyzed in 235 healthy children using millimeter slices on a computed tomography scan. RESULTS: The mean FMA of 6.49 cm2 in girls was significantly inferior to the FMA of 7.67 cm2 in boys (P &lt;.001). In both sexes, the growth evolved in a 2-phase process, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.75 years old (yo) followed by a phase of stabilization. In girls, the first phase was shorter (ending at 2.6 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.33 yo) and proceeded at a higher rate. PCFV was smaller in girls (P &lt;.001) and displayed a biphasic pattern in the whole population, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.58 yo followed by a phase of slow growth until 16 yo. In girls, the first phase was more active and shorter (ending at 2.67 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.5 yo). The posterior interoccipital synchondroses close first, followed by the anterior interoccipital and occipitomastoidal synchondroses, the lambdoid sutures simultaneously, then the petro-occipital and spheno-occipital synchondroses simultaneously. CONCLUSION: The data provide a chronology of synchondrosis closure. We showed that FMA and PCFV are constitutionally smaller in girls at birth (P ⩽.02) and suggest that a sex-related difference in the FMA is related to earlier closure of anterior interoccipital synchondroses in girls (P =.01).

scholarly journals Correlation between vitamin D serum level and total IgE in asthmatic children

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Vesna Micevska ◽  
Tatjana Jakovska Mareti ◽  
Ilija Kirovski ◽  
Olivera Jordanova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chronical Disease

Asthma is a chronical disease of the airways characterized by reversible obstruction of the bronchi and airway inflammation. In recent decades, the scientific interest of the vitamin D system and its role in development of asthma and other alergic diseases has been increased. Aims of this study are to mesure and compare the serum level of 25 OHD in asthmatic and healthy children and corelate the level of 25OHD and total IgE in asthmatic children. This prospective study includes 70 children at age 2 to 14, of which 32 are children with diagnosed asthma and 38 healthy children. In both  of the groups the serum level of 25 OHD was measured  and by the results 18 % of the healthy children (C) and 28% of the asthma children (E) had 25OHD  deficiency, 45%  of C and 50% of E were insufficient and 37 % of C / 22% of E were with normal 25 OHD serum level. The mean level of 25OHD in C was 27,83 +/- 10,24 and in E 20,9 ng/ml +/- 10,72. The mean levels in both groups had statistic significant difference with p-value < 0,05. According to age no statistic significant difference was found in both of the groups. There was a statisticaly significant decreased serum level of 25 OHD in asthmatic females.In the examined group (children with asthma) there was a negative linear correlation (association) of the level of 25OHD and total IgE serum level with r=- 0,55  Vitamin D serum level measurements in asthma patients gives the possibility for discovering the connection between its deficiency and development of asthma symptoms.

scholarly journals Expression Level of Cyclin-D1 between Endometriomas and Ovarian Carcinomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Alfun Dhiya An ◽  
Supriyatiningsih Supriyatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
The Mean

Endometrioma on the ovaries is a benign gynecological disorder that is often found in women of reproductive age. The approach was made to the malignant transformation through the study of cyclin-D1 expression. This research aim to analyze differences in the level of Cyclin-D1 expression in ovarian endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma associated with the pathogenesis of endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma. Analytical observational study with cross sectional approach to cyclin-D1 expression between endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differentiation. The research subjects were 20 cases of endometrioma, each of the 20 cases of ovarian carcinoma were well and poorly differentiated. Statistical analysis using the ANOVA test on the level of cyclin-D1 expression between groups. The mean cyclin-D1 expression in endometrioma was 67.25. The mean of well-differentiated ovarian carcinoma was 132.41. The mean of poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma was 128.83. Anova test resulted in a significant difference between the expression of cyclin-D1 endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differences (p = 0.00 0.05). There is a significant difference between endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differentiation. Endometrioma cyclin-D1 expression was lower than ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differentiation.

scholarly journals Comparing Executive Functions in Normal and Diabetic Children in the City of Isfahan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Sadat Shokrekhodaei ◽  
Zahra Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The City

Background: The emergence of chronic physiologic diseases such as diabetes damages the children's psychological, cognitive, communicational, social and emotional processes. Therefore, the present study was aimed to compare executive functions in normal and diabetic children. Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical population included healthy and sick children in 2019 in Isfahan. The statistical population of the study included diabetic children and 150 healthy children who were selected through convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires were the executive functions. The data from the study were analyzed through t method. Results: There is a significant difference between diabetic children and healthy ones in the variable of executive functions (p < 0.001). In a way that diabetic children got lower mean scores in executive functions. The mean scores of executive functions of children with diabetes were 233.63 and the mean scores of non-children with diabetes were 192.64. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that diabetes causes the decrease of executive functions due to being chronic and this process emphasizes the necessity of applying child-oriented psychological interventions for these people.

Abstract 170: Re-evaluation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness by Z-score in Children and Adolescents After Kawasaki Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Noto ◽  
Masataka Kato ◽  
Yuriko Abe ◽  
Hiroshi Kamiyama ◽  
Kensuke Karasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a reliable screening method for vascular alterations even in a pediatric cohort; however, reference values of CIMT established recently by LMS methods for childhood and adolescence are limited when comparing patients after Kawasaki disease (KD) and controls. We tested the hypothesis that there are significant differences between the values of CIMT expressed as absolute values and z-scores in children and adolescents after KD and controls. Methods: We reviewed 12 published articles regarding CIMT on patients after KD and controls. Absolute values (Ab) of the mean±1 SD of CIMT in patients after KD and controls were transformed to z-scores (Zs) using age-specific reference values established by Jourdan et al. (J: 247 Caucasian subjects aged 10-20 years) and our own data (O: 175 Asian subjects aged 6-20 years), and the results were compared between the two references. In this study, the mean age of the study population derived from each article was designated the representative age for transformation. Results: In either reference (J) or (O), there was no significant sex difference in CIMT at any given age. The mean CIMT of (Ab) and (Zs) transformed by (J) or (O) were significantly different between patients after KD and controls, at 41.6% (Ab), 66.6% (Zs) by (J), and 83.3% (Zs) by (O) among 12 articles, respectively. Therefore, patients after KD had significantly higher (Zs) by (O) than those of controls (0.66±0.71 vs. 0.03±0.68, p=0.006, respectively). Compared with reference values, the controls of (O) were within the normal range. However, there were no significant differences in (Zs) by (J) between the two groups (1.72±0.77 vs. 1.23±0.83, p=0.116, respectively). When we assessed 9 articles dealing with Asian subjects, the difference of (Zs) between the two groups remained significant only by (O) (p=0.015). In contrast, when we assessed 3 articles dealing with mainly Caucasian subjects, there was no significant difference in (Zs) between the two groups with both (J) and (O). Conclusions: These results indicate that age and race-specific reference values for CIMT are mandatory for performing an accurate assessment of the vascular status in healthy children and adolescents and particularly in those after KD.

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