scholarly journals Historia literatury inaczej. Komparatystyczne – zagadnieniowe kształcenie literackie… w szkole ponadpodstawowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (330) ◽  
pp. 158-172
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kania
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Teaching Literature ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Matriculation Examination ◽  
History Of Literature

Along with the successive reforms of education, the discussion on the method of teaching literature in high school returns, including the role of the history of literature in preparation for the matriculation examination. The article presents the advantages of a comparative approach to literary education in the core curriculum of the Polish language from 2008, which in individual programs prepared by teachers can also be successfully used in themed-chronological teaching, facilitating work with history of literature based, extensive in terms of issues and essential readingscore curriculum from 2018. Examples of original curriculum solutions come from the author’s own experience and were created during her classes of literature didactics at secondary school at the Faculty of Polish Studies of the Jagiellonian University.

scholarly journals The role of secondary school in the training of women skilled personnel of Katerynoslav province in the II half of the XIX – early XX centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
В. А. Добровольська
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The point of this study is to cover the issue of history of women’s secondary education in Katerynoslavprovince in the 2nd half of the XIX – early XX centuries. Patriarchal judgments and views on the women’srole have been characteristic of the society of the Russian Empire for centuries. It has been found out thatthe democratic reforms of the 60-70s of the XIX century marked the beginning of the changes towardswomanhood. The historical premises for the formation of the women’s education system are covered. Itis established that the creation of women’s educational institutions of all classes in terms of legislativeframework begins in the 1950’s. Women’s educational institutions were subordinate to different institutionsand had different organizational and educational backgrounds. Thus, the Ministry of Public Education hadthe most rights and opportunities in the sphere of education. In addition to state schools, there were privateand public schools. It is established that the new system of educational sector management is claimed asstate-public. The main types of general secondary schools in Katerynoslav province in the II half of theXIX – early XX centuries were gymnasiums, progymnasiums, parochial secondary school for girls. Thefeatures of the financial situation of the gymnasiums on the example of certain educational institutions arerevealed. Thus, a large number of women’s gymnasiums and progymnasiums and their popularity withthe population were directly related to the rapid economic development of the region and the vigorousactivity of local self-government bodies. The content of education of those secondary schools is defined.The popularity of gymnasiums with the population comes from their class-inclusive nature. The range ofwomen’s gymnasiums in the early XX century is distinguished on grounds of division into classes andreligion. Education for daughters of clergymen was of a limited nature compared to the gymnasiums. As aresult, women’s religious secondary education evolved less dynamically. It is established that the religiousaffairs authority opened professional secondary educational institutions – parochial secondary school forgirls – primarily for the daughters of clergymen. There was only one such school in Katerynoslav province– in the principal town of the province. The content of the education of parochial secondary school forgirls is described. The proportion of disciplines of the humanities and mathematical and natural sciences iscompared. The article states that the end of the XIX - early XX centuries was marked by the decline in thesystem of parochial secondary school for girls, and defines the content of the reforms of the religious affairsauthority. The sources of funding of Katerynoslav parochial secondary school for girls and gymnasiums arecompared. The role of parochial secondary school for girls in the problem of providing public school withteachers is figured out.

The Left and the Revolutions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Priestland
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a new interpretation of Europe’s revolutionary era between 1917 and 1923, exploring the origins of the revolutionary wave and its diverse impact across Europe, focusing on the role of the Left. It seeks to revive the insights of social history and historical sociology, which have been neglected by a recent historiography, that stress the role of contingency, the impact of war, and the influence of militaristic cultures. Yet unlike older social history approaches which emphasised domestic social conflict at the expense of ethnic politics and empire, it argues that the revolutions were the result of a crisis of old geopolitical and ethnic hierarchies, as well as social ones. It develops a comparative approach, presenting a new way of incorporating the experience of eastern Europe and the Caucasus into the history of Europe’s revolutions, and a new analysis of why Russia provided such fertile ground for revolutionary politics.

scholarly journals Współistnienie języków na ziemiach byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w świetle prac Jana Karłowicza

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Koniusz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Interference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism ◽  
Grand Duchy

Co-existence of languages in the area of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the light of the works of Jan KarłowiczThe article discusses the issues of the co-existence of languages in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the consequences of the phenomenon as documented in the works of Jan Karłowicz – the outstanding scholar of the second half of the nineteenth century, an expert and researcher of the “Lithuanian” version of Polish language. The article emphasizes the fact that the research on languages in the area of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and results of their co-existence goes back to the second half of the nineteenth century and Jan Karłowicz was the pioneer of this research. He was the first to observe the following phenomena of their co-existence: interference; bilingualism and multilingualism; prioritization of co-existing languages with the unique role of the Polish language in focusing various functions in the history of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; the diversity of Polish with sociolinguistic classification of its provincia­lisms and their division in the view of their origin; and the dangers to the Polish language in the period of Russification. Karłowicz struggled with the lack of terminology to describe the linguistic phenomena characteristic for the area. The article focuses on the classification of provincial qualities of the “Lithuanian” Polish language executed by Karłowicz in the social and ethnolinguistic area; and on the presentation of the phenomenon of linguistic interference visible in the provincial vocabulary in The Grand Duchy of Lithuania collected in “Dictionary of Polish dialects” by Karłowicz. Сосуществование языков на территории бывшего Великого княжества Литовского в свете произведений Яна КарловичаЦель данной статьи – показать сосуществование языков на землях бывшего Великого княжества Литовского (ВКЛ) и последствий этого явления, засвидетельствованных в работах Яна Карловича, видного ученого второй половины девятнадцатого века, знатока и исследователя „литовского” польского языка. Автор статьи указывает на то, что изучение языков в Великом княжестве Литовском, последствиям их сосуществования относятся ко второй половине девятнадцатого века, а их первым исследователем был Карлович. Им впервые были отмечены такие проявления этого сосуществования, как языковая интерференция, билингвизм и многоязычие, иерархия сосуществующих языков и диалектов. Выделена особая роль польского языка, объединившего целый ряд функций в истории ВКЛ, дифференциация внутри польского языка, социолингвистическая классификация его диалектизмов и их деление по происхождению, угрозы для польского языка в период сильной русификации. Особое внимание автор статьи сосредоточил на классификации провинциальных особенностей „литовского” польского языка, осуществлённой Карловичем в социальном и этнолингвистическом плане, а также на проявлениях интерференции в провинциальной лексике, ведущей своё происхождение из Великого княжества Литовского, собранной в „Словаре польских диалектов” Карловича.

scholarly journals Types of word–image relationships appearing in Polish language textbooks

2018 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Dorota Michułka ◽  
Justyna Bajda
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Reading History ◽  
Visual Reading

Article describes types of word–image relationships in Polish literary education and is based on interdisciplinary methodology. The reform of the education system in 1999 was a clear turning point in the history of Polish research on this issue. Use of iconic material in Polish language education, referring to intersemiotic relationships between the word and the image and resulting from tasks performed by the student during Polish language lessons, has been an important topic of discussionamong educationalists for many years. In terms of complementary reading texts that will further develop text interpretation, the authors consider equal treatment of literary and iconic texts. Cultivating interpretation skills open up new horizons to the contemporary young audience of the world in culture, literature, and art. As the next generation the quest for new meaning, initiating mechanisms of new vision and new sensitivity to the reception of arts will also allow a redefinition of the concepts of interpretation, meaning, and significance. Key words: literary reading in the classroom, visual reading, history of art, intersemiotic approach, intertextuality, literary responses   Resumen El artículo describe tipos de relaciones entre palabras e imágenes en la educación literaria polaca y está basado en una metodología interdisciplinar. La reforma del sistema educativo en 1999 fue un claro punto de inflexión en la historia de la investigación sobre este asunto en Polonia. El uso del material icónico en la educación lingüística polaca, referida a las relaciones intersemióticas entre la palabra y la imagen, y los resultados de tareas llevadas a cabo por estudiantes durante las clases de polaco, han sido durante muchos años un importante tema de discusión entre educadores. Respecto a las lecturas complementarias que más adelante desarrollarán la interpretación del texto, las autoras consideran igualmente el tratamiento de los textos literarios y los icónicos. Cultivar destrezas interpretativas abre nuevos horizontes a la joven audiencia contemporánea al mundo de la cultura, la literatura y el arte. Para las nuevas generaciones, la búsqueda de nuevos significados, iniciando mecanismos para una nueva visualización y una nueva sensibilidad hacia la recepción de las artes, conllevará también una redefinición de los conceptos de interpretación, significado y sentido. Palabras clave: lectura literaria en el aula, lectura visual, historia del arte, enfoque intersemiótico, intertextualidad, respuesta literaria.   Resum L’article descriu tipus de relacions entre paraules i imatges en l’educació literària polonesa i està basat en una metodologia interdisciplinària. La reforma del sistema educatiu el 1999 va ser un clar punt d’inflexió en la història de la recerca sobre aquest assumpte a Polònia. L’ús del material icònic en l’educació lingüística polonesa, referida a les relacions intersemiòtiques entre la paraula i la imatge, i els resultats de tasques dutes a terme per estudiants durant les classes de polonès, han sigut durant molts anys un important tema de discussió entre educadors. Quant a les lectures complementàries que després desenvoluparan la interpretació del text, les autores consideren en igualtat de condicions el tractament dels textos literaris idels icònics. Conrear destreses interpretatives obri nous horitzons a la jove audiència contemporània al món de la cultura, la literatura i l’art. Per a la nova generació, la cerca de nous significats, tot iniciant mecanismes per a una nova visualització i una nova sensibilitat cap a la recepció de les arts, comportarà també una redefinició dels conceptes d’interpretació, significat i sentit. Paraules clau: lectura literària a l’aula, lectura visual, història de l’art, enfocament intersemiòtic, intertextualitat, resposta literària.

scholarly journals DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING PEOPLE AS AWARE RECIPIENTS AND CREATORS OF THE CULTURAL OFFER

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Lucyna Kościelniak
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The article attempts to approach the subject of making culture accessible for people with hearing impairment from the perspective including social, cultural and linguistic issues. The most important matters discussed in the first part of the article are: history of the sign language and the Deaf culture in Poland as well as ambiguities related to communication methods, i.e. differentiating between the sign language and the manual code for spoken language. Based upon the considerations above, the following issues are presented: the role of a sign language interpreter in the process of making culture accessible, and the role of Polish language as an uncertain medium of conveying information to people with hearing impairment. In the article, theoretical considerations alternate with practical guidelines and solutions, which might facilitate the process of creating an offer for this particular type of museum visitor. The concluding part contains a list of the most interesting projects being conducted in Poland, which might be valuable as an inspiration for beginners in organising events dedicated to the deaf and hard of hearing people.

THE DRAMATURGİCAL ROLE OF CHORAL SCENES İN VASİF ADİGOZALOV’S OPERA “DEAD”

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Leyla ZALIYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Choir ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Literature

Vasif Adigozalov was one of the artists who attracted attention during the brilliant development of the Azerbaijani composition school in the 70 s of the XX century. Born in Karabakh, a fascinating sorner of Azerbaijan, in the family of the famous and talented singer Zulfu Adigozalov’s works reflected the priceless pages of the national music culture. The story-based opera “The Dead”, which entered the history of literature as a comedy, is also regarded as the first comedy opera in our music history. However, every Azerbaijani who knows the work realizes what a great tragedy is actually happening here. V.Adigozalov began writing this work after graduating from the conservatory. The play was performed at the Azerbaijan State Opera and Ballet Theater named after M.F.Akhundof, in 1963. In V.Adigozalov’s opera, the choir acts as one of the main characters in the dramatic development of the work. Each choral stage server as a driving force within, as well as conditioning the course of events. The choir also represents the image of the public and character that expresses the main idea of the work. In this respect, particular attention should be paid to women’s choir. Because women who are victims of this ignorance. Therefore, the screams, deep tragedies and dramas of the women’s choir are reflected. Another concrete example of the women’s theme is seen in the scenes with Nazli and her mother. In particular, choral scenes, which express Nazli’s belief in the return of his dead sister, eventually lost all hope, and the moaning of traumatized young girls, are the dramatic culmination of the tragedy in opera. When we look at the musical language of the choirs, national intonation and rhythmic features draw attention. The intonations of folk music, characteristic of the composer’s musical language, are clearly felt in all stages of the opera and in the choir. Considering the unique melodies of V.Adigozalov’s vocal music in the vocal and choral performance is important. This direction is also reflevted in other music and stage work, including the composer’s vocal music.

FEATURES OF THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE OF ESSAYIST Y. KOSACH

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Mariia Hnizdytska
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Rigid Frame ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marker Code ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
History Of Literature

The article investigates rhetorical figures and specific authorial constructions, which are interconnected through a complex sequence of semantic connections, forming the essay. On the example of the essay by Y. Kosach “On the Meeting of the 17th Anniversary of November”, the role of figurative language in the study of cultural meanings is researched. For this purpose, Visnik text constructions with a powerful sense-forming potential are considered, which are not only examples of expanded essayistic imagery, but also a kind of cultural marker, code, according to R. Bart, on which Yu.Kosach always focuses on his essays. Particular attention is paid to “ thoughtful image” texts by D. Dontsov, Y. Lipi, E. Malanyuk, as well as interpretations by these authors of the most important problems of the Ukrainian national character, from which Y. Kosach rests in his reflections. Kosach`s essay is completely transposed with symbolic-figurative signs (codes), whose meaning can be understood, not only knowing in detail the national history and heroes, the history of literature, ethnography and ethnopsychology, philosophy and mythology, but also the political, ideological, cultural-historical context . In the essay actively present the basic ideas and works of D. Dontsov, Y. Lypa, E. Malanyuk, and others. In order to study the interdependence of thought and image in essayist Y. Kosach, the “mysterious” nature of historical events, national heroes, state symbols, geographical names and names of settlements is analyzed in detail. The problem of essayist’s elaboration of individual words, statements and plain citations is considered, attention is focused on multilevel semantic complexes-figures. The Kosach style is characterized by spontaneity, fragmentation, emotionality, openness, associativity of the thinking process. The essay combines different discourses, demonstrating the free movement of thought, not limited by the rigid frame of the canon. For Kosach, the most important thing was to isolate, reinforce, and to emphasize the strong peculiarities of the national psyche; to follow the kinship not only of the bloody but also of the spirit-knight and to draw a continuous line of continuity.

Regaining Lost Time

Tekstualia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wnuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost Time ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
History Of Literature

The articles presents the parallel between the constructive role of the decline in comparative literature and in literary history. The authoress of the text shows that the crisis should be considered a spur to research. The questions or problems often called the decline of the history of literature have brought positive effects. They have initiated a diagnosis of the state of affairs, but also triggered analyses of issues such as the grotesque, parody, pastiche, and irony. Comparative literature as a metadiscipline (especially its diachronic perspective) draws much from the achievements of literary history and literary-historical knowledge and, in this respect, it is largely dependent upon it. As long as it exists, it comments on the literary knowledge systematized by literary theoreticians and historians.

scholarly journals The First Major Grammars of English and Romanian: A Comparative Approach

Linguaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Daniela Doboș
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
English Language ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
North Western

If the history of the English language is the story of its written texts, the same holds true for the history of the Romanian language, and in both cases the first grammars played a major part in the shaping up of the respective vernaculars. The paper proposes a comparative approach to the beginnings of codified grammars in English and Romanian, with a focus on those that are deemed to be the first major works– Robert Lowth’s A Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762) and Samuil Micu and Gheorghe Şincai’s Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae (1780). This approach considers topics such as why grammars might have been desirable in the eighteenth century (the political factor), and the functions of ‘grammars’, which are relevant in both cases; what language was actually codified, as well as the role of Latin in this enterprise, since it is worth noting that while English and Romanian belong in different language families, Latin was a formative element in both, ever since the territories of the two respective countries marked the North-Western and South-Eastern borders of the Roman Empire.

scholarly journals Z osobliwości językowych warsztatu przekładowego Biblii brzeskiej (zagadnienia wybrane)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Koziara
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Research Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Fixed Expressions ◽  
The Way

This paper is an attempt at drawing attention to the first Protestant translation of the whole Bible into Polish, which is traditionally known as Brest Bible or Radziwill Bible, in terms of its significance and place in the history of Polish language. The first part of this work is the introduction of some basic data from the field of origins, history and the state of previous philological research into Brest Bible. The second part of the paper shows the role of the translation in the process of shaping the characteristics of Polish biblical style and the way in which the translators used the richness and potential of the Polish language in the Renaissance. As the source material to complete the research task the author of the paper used some chosen areas of the language in Brest Bible, which included lexis and fixed expressions.

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